Native to Afghanistan Ethnicity 2,000 (no date) Language family Mongolic
Mogholi | Region near Herat Extinct (date missing) ISO 639-3 mhj | |
Moghol (or Mogholi) is a Mongolic language once spoken in the region of Herat, Afghanistan, in the villages of Kundur and Karez-i-Mulla. The speakers were the Moghol people, who numbered 3,000 members in the 1970s. They descend from the remnants of Genghis Khan's Mongol army stationed in Afghanistan in the 13th century.
Contents
In the 1970s, when the German scholar Michael Weiers did fieldwork on the language, few people spoke it, most knew it passively and most were older than 40. It is unknown if there are still speakers of the language.
The language has been strongly influenced by Persian in its phonology, morphology and syntax, causing Weiers to state that it has the appearance of a "true Inner Asian creole language".
Grammar
Moghol grammar shows substantial influence from Persian languages having borrowed even word classes not found in other Mongolic languages: the parts of speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, and conjunctions.
Nouns are marked for number and case. Verbs are marked for person, number, tense-aspect, and mode. Adjectives inflect for the comparative and superlative degree with the Persian suffixes -tar and -tariin, but not for number and case.
Phonology
Moghol's phonology is influenced by Tajik. It has a system of six vowel qualities with no length contrast: /i e a u o ɔ/. Its consonants are /p b f w m t d s z n l r t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ j k g ʀ ʔ q h/
Sample
Weiers noted down the following poem by the Moghol poet Abd Al-Qadir.
Another Moghol poem or song of Abd Al-Qadir written in Arabic alphabet (from Weiers):