Kingdom Animalia Suborder Apoidea Scientific name Melittosphex burmensis Rank Family | Class Insecta Species M. burmensis Phylum Arthropoda Order Hymenopterans | |
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Genus Melittosphex
Poinar & Danforth, 2006 Similar Hymenopterans, Dasypodainae, Stenotritidae, Meganomiinae, Melittidae | ||
Melittosphex burmensis is the oldest-known species of bee. The species was discovered as an amber inclusion in the year 2006 by George Poinar, Jr., a zoologist at Oregon State University. The amber was found in a mine in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar and is believed to date from the Cretaceous Period, 100 million years ago.
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Etymology
Melitta is a form of the Greek word μέλισσα (melissa), "honey bee", while Sphex is a transliteration of the Greek word σφήξ, wasp.
Description
M. burmensis is approximately one-fifth the size of the extant honeybee, at about 3 millimetres long. It is not related to any existing bee family. M. burmensis has some anatomical features similar to those of flesh-eating wasps, including the shape of its hind legs, but also some features of pollen-collecting bees, such as branched hairs on the body. The bee's head is heart-shaped.
The sample discovered is thought to be 100 million years old, 40 million years older than the next-oldest known bee species. The discovery of a bee from the Cretaceous Period with certain pollen-collecting features may help to explain the rapid expansion of flowering plants at that time in earth's history.
Poinar and bee researcher Bryan Danforth described M. burmensis in the journal Science.