Melania derives from the Greek word μελανία (melania) meaning "black, dark" and may refer to:
Saint Melania, Melania the Elder (350–410), an influential figure in the Christian ascetic movement
Saint Melania, Melania the Younger (383–439), a Christian saint who lived during the reign of Emperor Flavius Augustus Honorius
Melania Albea (born 1980), Swiss figure skater who also competed internationally for Spain
Melania Carolina Hotu Hey, the provincial governor of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in Chilean Polynesia
Melania Grego (born 1973), female water polo forward from Italy, Olympic gold medallist in 2004
Melania Trump (born 1970), Slovene–American model and First Lady of the United States
Melania Lamarck, 1799 is a synonym for Thiara Röding, 1798, a genus of gastropods
Melania Wallengren, 1863 is a synonym for Siccia Walker, 1854, a genus of lepidoptera
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