Matthes is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Agneta Matthes (1847–1909), Dutch entrepreneurHeinrich Matthes (born 1902), German SS-ScharführerJosef Friedrich Matthes (1886–1943), head of the Rhenish RepublicKlaus Matthes (1931–1998), German mathematicianLothar Matthes (born 1947), German diverMarion Charles Matthes (1906–1980), United States federal judgeMichael Matthes, French organistPaul Matthes (1879–1948), German footballerRoland Matthes (born 1950), German Olympic backstroke swimmerRuthie Matthes (born 1965), American professional bicycle racerSven Matthes (born 1969), German sprinterUlrich Matthes (born 1959), German actor