Mathison is a surname, and may refer to:
Alonzo J. Mathison (1876-1941), American politician
Bruce Mathison (born 1959), former American football quarterback
Cameron Mathison (born 1969), Emmy-nominated actor
James Mathison (born 1978), Australian television presenter
John Mathison (1901–1982), New Zealand politician of the Labour Party
Lisa Mathison (born 1985), professional cyclist
Melissa Mathison (1950–2015), American screenwriter
Volney Mathison (20th century), American chiropractor
