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Died 1710, Ashton, United Kingdom Books The Ladies' Defence, Poems on Several Occasions, The poems and prose of Mary, Lady Chudleigh, Selected Poems | ||
Lady mary chudleigh to the ladies
Mary Chudleigh, Lady Chudleigh (August 1656 – 1710) was an English poet who was part of an intellectual circle which included Mary Astell, Elizabeth Thomas, Judith Drake, Elizabeth Elstob, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and John Norris. In her later years she published a volume of poetry and two volumes of essays, all dealing with feminist themes. Two of her books were published in four editions during the last ten years of her life. Her poetry on the theme of human relationships and human reactions has appeared in several anthologies and her feminist essays are still in print.
Contents
Biography
Mary Lee was born in Winslade, Devon, in August 1656, the daughter of Richard Lee and Mary Sydenham of Westminster. She was baptized in Cyst St. George, Devon parish on 19 August 1656. She was the oldest of three siblings. Her mother's family was the distinguished Sydenham family of Wynfold Eagle, Dorset. Lady Mary's uncle Colonel William Sydenham served on fought in the English Civil War on the side of Parliament; her other uncle, Dr. Thomas Sydenham was well known for his study of epidemic diseases and doctor to Anne Finch, Vicountess Conway. Her father was a man of property and included "esq" after his name.
She married Sir George Chudleigh, 3rd Baronet (died 1718) of Ashton, Devon on 25 March 1674. Her biographers argue as to whether their marriage was happy; her references to marriage as a trap that was psychologically stifling for women suggest that she may have had personal experience with an overbearing husband, but on the other hand, he did allow her to publish several feminist works during his lifetime, and her previously-unpublished work was saved carefully by the family after her death. They had at least six children, including:
Like most women of her time, she received little in the way of formal education, but read widely and educated herself in theology, science, and philosophy. Little else is known about her life except that one of her daughters must have died young, as her grief is mentioned in her letters and some poetry. Mary Chudleigh died on December 15, 1710 from severe rheumatism.
Literary works and critical reception
Critics have tended to read Chudleigh's work biographically; however that began to change by the 1990s as new evidence about her life was uncovered. In her early career she could be described as a Restoration poet of lyrics and satires while in her later career she became a philosophical essayist.
Heavily influenced by Mary Astell, Lady Mary Chudleigh was one of the first English women to recognize that as a social group, women faced unique challenges. She wrote overtly feminist works and argued strongly for marriage reform and women's education, believing that women should cultivate reason, virtue and stoic integrity despite living in a world full of misogyny. She also wrote significant poems in the retirement tradition combining Platonic and Christian contemplation as a retreat from the vanities of life.
Individual works
The Ladies' Defence, Or, The Bride-Woman's Counsellor Answer'd : A Poem in a Dialogue Between Sir John Brute, Sir William Loveall, Melissa, and a Parson (London, 1701)
This work analyzes marriage from a woman's point of view. Chudleigh, not counting on men to give up their privilege, urges women to avoid marriage and to realize their own self-worth.
Poems on Several Occasions (London, 1703)
By dedicating this work to Queen Anne, Chudleigh was seeking her protection from potential backlash.
Essays Upon Several Subjects (London, 1710)
Chudleigh urges women not to be concerned with wealth, status, interest or ambition in this collection.