Machine readable passport

Passport booklets

Passport booklets have an identity page containing the identity data. This page is in the TD3 size of 125 × 88 mm (4.92 × 3.46 in).

The data of the machine-readable zone consists of two rows of 44 characters each. The only characters used are A–Z, 0–9 and the filler character <.

The format of the first row is:

In the name field, spaces, hyphens and other punctuation are represented by <, except apostrophes, which are skipped. If the names are too long, names are abbreviated to their most significant parts. In that case, the last position must contain an alphabetic character to indicate possible truncation, and if there is a given name, the two fillers and at least one character of it must be included.

The format of the second row is:

The check digit calculation is as follows: each position is assigned a value; for the digits 0 to 9 this is the value of the digits, for the letters A to Z this is 10 to 35, for the filler < this is 0. The value of each position is then multiplied by its weight; the weight of the first position is 7, of the second it is 3, and of the third it is 1, and after that the weights repeat 7, 3, 1, and so on. All values are added together and the remainder of the final value divided by 10 is the check digit.

Some values that are different from ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 are used for the issuing country and nationality field:

Other values, which do not have broad acceptance internationally, include:

Official travel documents

Smaller documents such as identity and passport cards are usually in the TD1 size, which is 85.6 × 54.0 mm (3.37 × 2.13 in), the same size as credit cards. The data of the machine-readable zone in a TD1 size card consists of three rows of 30 characters each. The only characters used are A–Z, 0–9 and the filler character <.

Some official travel documents are in the larger TD2 size, 105.0 × 74.0 (4.13 × 2.91 in). They have a layout of the MRZ with two rows of 36 characters each, similar to the TD3 format, but with 31 characters for the name, 7 for the personal number and one less check digit. Yet some official travel documents are in the booklet format with a TD3 identity page.

The format of the first row for TD1 (credit card size) documents is:

In addition to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code with modifications used for issuing country in passports, also the following organization is accepted:

The format of the second row is:

1: United States Passport Cards, as of 2011, use this field for the application number that produced the card.

The format of the third row is:

Machine-readable visas

The ICAO Document 9303 part 7 describes machine-readable visas. They come in two different formats:

The format of the first row of the machine-readable zone is:

The format of the second row is:

Specifications common to all formats

The ICAO document 9303 part 3 describes specifications common to all Machine Readable Travel Documents.

The dimensions of the effective reading zone (ERZ) is standardized at 17.0 mm (0.67 in) in height with a margin of 3 mm at the document edges and 3.2 mm at the edge against the visual readable part. This is in order to allow use of a single machine reader.

Only characters A to Z (upper case), 0–9, and < (angle bracket) are allowed.

Nationality codes and checksum calculation

The nationality codes shall contain the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code with modifications for all formats, as described in the passport booklets chapter. The check digit calculation method is also the same for all formats.

Names

Due to technical limits, alphabets inside Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) need to be restricted to A–Z and angle brackets.

Apostrophes and similar have to be omitted, but hyphens and spaces should be replaced by an angle bracket. Diacritical marks are not permitted in the MRZ. Even though they may be useful to distinguish names, the use of diacritical marks in the MRZ could confuse machine-reading equipment.

Section 6 of the 9303 part 3 document specifies transliteration of letters outside the A–Z range. It recommends that diacritical marks on Latin letters A-Z are simply omitted (ç → C, ð → D, ê → E, etc.), but it allows the following transliterations:
å → AA
ä → AE
ð → DH
ij (Dutch letter; capital form: IJ, the J as part of the ligature being capitalized, too)→ IJ
ö → OE
ü → UE (German) or UXX (Spanish)
ñ → NXX
The following transliterations are mandatory:
æ → AE
ø, œ → OE
ß → SS
þ → TH

There are also tables for the transliteration of names written using Cyrillic and Arabic scripts.

People having names using the listed letters sometimes have trouble with ignorant officials; for example, the document is thought to be a forgery or with airline tickets not having the same spelling as the passport. Consequently, it is often best to use the exact spelling used in the machine-readable zone for the airline ticket or ESTA, and refer to this zone if being asked questions.

Different spellings of the same name within the same document

Names containing non-English letters are usually spelled in the correct way in the non-machine-readable zone of the passport, but are mapped according to the standards of ICAO in the machine-readable zone.

In Germany, Austria and Scandinavia it is standard to use the Å→AA, Ä or Æ→AE, Ö or Ø→OE, Ü→UE, and ß→SS mappings, so Müller becomes MUELLER, Gößmann becomes GOESSMANN, and Hämäläinen becomes HAEMAELAEINEN.

Names originally written in a non-Latin writing systems may pose another problem if there are various internationally recognized transcription standards. For example, the Russian surname Горбачёв is transcribed "Gorbachev" in English and according to the ICAO 9303 rules, "Gorbatschow" in German,"Gorbatchov" in French, "Gorbachov" in Spanish, "Gorbaczow" in Polish, and so on.

Sometimes, as with US visas, simple letters stripped of their proper diacriticals are used (ag: MULLER, GOSSMANN, HAMALAINEN). German credit cards use either the correct or the mapped spelling in their non-machine-readable zone.

Due to the fact that Russian visas (and Russian internal passports since 2011) are intended for use in Russia only, there are certain other latin letters as well as other alphanumerical symbols used to transliterate the letter with no direct analogue in latin script into the machine-readable zone. As an example, the letter "ч" is usually transcribed as "ch" in Russian travel documents, however, Russian visas and internal passports use "3" in the machine-readable zone instead. Another example is "Alexei" (travel passport) => "Алексей" (cyrillic version) => "ALEKSEQ" (machine readable version in an internal document)

First and given names

For airline tickets, visas and more, there is an advice to only use the first name, as written in the passport. This is a problem for people who use their second name (as defined by the order they have in the passport) as their main name in daily speech. It is common, for example in Scandinavia, that the second or even third name is the defined for daily usage, for example the actor Hugh Laurie, whose full name is James Hugh Calum Laurie. Swedish travel agents usually book people using the first and daily name if the first one is not their main name, despite advise to use only the first name. If this is too long, the spelling in the MRZ could be used.

For people using a variant of their first name in daily speech, for example the former US president Bill Clinton whose full name is William Jefferson Clinton, the advice is to spell their name as in the passport.

Chinese and Korean names might pose a challenge too, since the family name is normally written first.