This is a list of vascular plants that are indigenous to, or naturalised on, Norfolk Island. The list is based on the most recent authoritative treatment of Norfolk Island, the 1994 Flora of Australia 49. That source is dated in places; for example its classification of the flowering plants uses the Cronquist system, aspects of which are no longer accepted. This list therefore differs from the Flora of Australia treatment in several areas; these are footnoted.
List of flora of Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island has 523 taxa of vascular plants, 136 of which are indigenous, and 387 naturalised. Forty-four of the indigenous taxa are endemic. There are two endemic genera, Ungeria and Streblorrhiza.
The eudicots are represented on Norfolk Island by 75 families, 220 genera, and 287 species.
Acanthaceae
Hypoestes phyllostachya
Ruellia ciliosa (Naturalised)
Aizoaceae
Carpobrotus glaucescens
Tetragonia implexicoma
Tetragonia tetragonioides
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes arborescens (Endemic)
Achyranthes aspera
Achyranthes margaretarum (Endemic)
Alternanthera sessilis (Possibly indigenous)
Amaranthus blitum (Naturalised)
Amaranthus hybridus (Naturalised)
Amaranthus virids (Naturalised)
Atriplex cinerea
Atriplex semibaccata (Naturalised)
Chenopodium album (Naturalised)
Chenopodium ambrosioides (Naturalised)
Chenopodium murale (Naturalised)
Sarcocornia quinqueflora
Anacardiaceae
Schinus terebinthifolius (Naturalised)
Apiaceae
Apium graveolens (Naturalised)
Centella asiatica (Naturalised)
Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Naturalised)
Coriandrum sativum (Naturalised)
Daucus glochidiatus (Naturalised)
Foeniculum vulgare (Naturalised)
Petroselinum crispum (Naturalised)
Torilis nodosa (Naturalised)
Apocynaceae
Alyxia gynopogon (Endemic)
Melodinus baueri (Endemic)
Vinca major (Naturalised)
Araliaceae
Delarbrea paradoxa (Naturalised)
Meryta angustifolia (Endemic)
Meryta latifolia (Endemic)
Schefflera actinophylla (Naturalised)
Tetrapanax papyrifer (Naturalised)
Asclepiadaceae
Gomphocarpus physocarpus (Naturalised)
Tylophora biglandulosa
Asteraceae
Ageratina riparia (Naturalised)
Ageratum conyzoides (Naturalised)
Arctotheca calendula (Naturalised)
Argyranthemum frutescens (Naturalised)
Aster subulatus (Naturalised)
Bidens pilosa (Naturalised)
Calendula officinalis (Naturalised)
Carduus pycnocephalus (Naturalised)
Carduus tenuiflorus (Naturalised)
Centaurea melitensis (Naturalised)
Conyza bonariensis (Naturalised)
Conyza sumatrensis (Naturalised)
Cotula australis (Naturalised)
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Naturalised)
Erechtites valerianifolia (Naturalised)
Erigeron karvinskianus (Naturalised)
Euchiton involucratus (Naturalised)
Euchiton sphaericus
Euryops chrysanthemoides (Naturalised)
Erechtites hieraciifolia (Naturalised)
Facelis retusa (Naturalised)
Galinsoga parviflora (Naturalised)
Gamochaeta calviceps (Naturalised)
Gamochaeta coarctata (Naturalised)
Gamochaeta purpurea (Naturalised)
Hypochaeris glabra (Naturalised)
Hypochaeris radicata (Naturalised)
Montanoa hibiscifolia (Naturalised)
Picris burbidgeae (Naturalised)
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
Senecio australis
Senecio evansianus (Endemic)
Senecio hooglandia (Endemic)
Sigesbeckia orientalis (Naturalised)
Silybum marianum (Naturalised)
Soliva pterosperma (Naturalised)
Sonchus oleraceus (Naturalised)
Tagetes minuta (Naturalised)
Taraxacum officinale (Naturalised)
Tragopogon porrifolius (Naturalised)
Melanthera biflora
Basellaceae
Anredera cordifolia (Naturalised)
Bignoniaceae
Tecomaria capensis (Naturalised)
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum australe (Naturalised)
Echium plantagineum (Naturalised)
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea (Naturalised)
Brassica napus (Naturalised)
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Naturalised)
Cardamine hirsuta (Naturalised)
Coronopus didymus (Naturalised)
Lepidium bonariense (Naturalised)
Lobularia maritima (Naturalised)
Matthiola incana (Naturalised)
Rapistrum rugosum (Naturalised)
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Naturalised)
Sisymbrium officinale (Naturalised)
Sisymbrium orientale (Naturalised)
Caesalpiniaceae
Caesalpinia bonduc
Caesalpinia decapetala (Naturalised)
Caesalpinia major (Naturalised)
Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Naturalised)
Senna septemtrionalis (Naturalised)
Campanulaceae
Lobelia anceps
Pratia purpurascens (Naturalised)
Wahlenbergia gracilis
Wahlenbergia littoricola subsp. vernicosa
Wahlenbergia violaceae (Status uncertain, most likely naturalised)
Cannabaceae
Celtis paniculata
Capparaceae
Capparis nobilis (Endemic)
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica (Naturalised)
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Naturalised)
Cerastium glomeratum (Naturalised)
Paronychia brasiliana (Naturalised)
Petrorhagia velutina (Naturalised)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (Naturalised)
Sagina apetala (Naturalised)
Silene gallica (Naturalised)
Stellaria media (Naturalised)
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina glauca
Celastraceae
Elaeodendron curtipendulum
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia affinis (Endemic)
Calystegia soldanella
Dichondria micrantha (Naturalised)
Dichondra repens
Ipomoea alba (Naturalised)
Ipomoea cairica (Naturalised)
Ipomoea indica (Naturalised)
Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
Corynocarpaceae
Corynocarpus laevigatus (Naturalised)
Crassulaceae
Bryophyllum delagoaense (Naturalised)
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Naturalised)
Crassula multicava subsp. multicava (Naturalised)
Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis anguria (Naturalised)
Diplocyclos palmatus subsp. affinis
Sicyos australis
Zehneria baueriana
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha wilkesiana (Naturalised)
Baloghia inophylla
Breynia disticha (Naturalised)
Euphorbia cyathophora (Naturalised)
Euphorbia norfolkiana (Endemic)
Euphorbia obliqua
Euphorbia peplus (Naturalised)
Euphorbia prostrata (Naturalised)
Excoecaria agallocha
Homalanthus populifolius (Naturalised)
Phyllanthus tenellus (Naturalised)
Ricinus communis (Naturalised)
Fabaceae
Canacalia rosea
Castanospermum australe (Naturalised)
Chamaecytisus palmensis (Naturalised)
Crotalaria agatiflora (Naturalised)
Desmodium incanum (Naturalised)
Desmodium tortuosum (Naturalised)
Dipogon lignosus (Naturalised)
Erythrina caffra (Naturalised)
Erythrina speciosa (Naturalised)
Glycone microphylla (Naturalised)
Indigofera suffruticosa (Naturalised)
Lablab purpureus (Naturalised)
Lotus angustissimus (Naturalised)
Lupinus cosentinii (Naturalised)
Medicago lupulina (Naturalised)
Medicago polymorpha (Naturalised)
Melilotus indicus (Naturalised)
Millettia australis
Neotonia wightii (Naturalised)
Pueraria lobata (Naturalised)
Streblorrhiza speciosa (Endemic)
Teline monspessulana (Naturalised)
Trifolium campestre (Naturalised)
Trifolium dubium (Naturalised)
Trifolium glomeratum (Naturalised)
Trifolium suffocatum (Naturalised)
Vicia hirsuta (Naturalised)
Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (Naturalised)
Vicia tetrasperma (Naturalised)
Vigna marina
Frankeniaceae
Frankenia pulverulenta (Naturalised)
Fumariaceae
Fumaria muralis (Naturalised)
Gentianaceae
Centaurium tenuiflorum (Naturalised)
Geraniaceae
Erodium moschatum (Naturalised)
Geranium dissectum (Naturalised)
Geranium gardneri (Naturalised)
Pelargonium australe (Naturalised)
Pelargonium panduriforme (Naturalised)
Lamiaceae
Lavandula dentata (Naturalised)
Marrubium vulgare (Naturalised)
Mentha × piperita (Naturalised)
Mentha spicata (Naturalised)
Salvia coccinea (Naturalised)
Salvia verbenaca (Naturalised)
Stachys arvensis (Naturalised)
Lauraceae
Cinnamomum camphora (Naturalised)
Cryptocarya triplinervis (Naturalised)
Persea americana (Naturalised)
Linaceae
Linum marginale (Naturalised)
Linum trigynum (Naturalised)
Loranthaceae
Ileostylus micranthus
Lythraceae
Lythrum hyssopifolia (Naturalised)
Malvaceae
Abutilon grandifolium (Naturalised)
Abutilon julianae (Endemic)
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus insularis (Endemic)
Hibiscus pedunculatus (Naturalised)
Hibiscus tiliaceus
Lagunaria patersonia subsp. patersonia
Malva parviflora (Naturalised)
Malvastrum coromandelianum (Naturalised)
Modiola caroliniana (Naturalised)
Pavonia hastata (Naturalised)
Sida carpinifolia (Naturalised)
Sida rhombifolia (Naturalised)
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum bijugum
Melia azedarach (Naturalised)
Mimosaceae
Acacia dealbata (Naturalised)
Acacia parramattensis (Naturalised)
Paraserianthes lophantha (Naturalised)
Moraceae
Ficus carica (Naturalised)
Streblus pendulinus
Myoporaceae
Myoporum obscurum (Endemic)
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus botryoides (Naturalised)
Eucalyptus fibrosa (Naturalised)
Eugenia uniflora (Naturalised)
Metrosideros excelsa (Naturalised)
Metrosideros kermadecensis (Naturalised)
Metrosideros excelsa x kermadecensis (Hybrid of indigenous and naturalised species)
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum (Naturalised)
Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Naturalised)
Psidium guajava (Naturalised)
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis jalapa (Naturalised)
Pisonia brunoniana
Ochnaceae
Ochna serrulata (Naturalised)
Oleaceae
Jasminum simplicifolium subsp. australiense
Ligustrum lucidum (Naturalised)
Ligustrum sinense (Naturalised)
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Naturalised)
Onagraceae
Oenothera affinis (Naturalised)
Oenothera rosea (Naturalised)
Oenothera stricta (Naturalised)
Oenothera tetraptera (Naturalised)
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche minor (Naturalised)
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis chnoodes (Naturalised)
Oxalis corniculata (Naturalised)
Oxalis debilis (Naturalised)
Oxalis exilis
Oxalis radicosa (Naturalised)
Papaveraceae
Argemone subfusiformis (Naturalised)
Papaver somniferum (Naturalised)
Passifloraceae
Passiflora aurantia
Passiflora edulis (Naturalised)
Pennantiaceae
Pennantia endlicheri (Endemic)
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca octandra (Naturalised)
Rivina humilis (Naturalised)
Piperaceae
Macropiper excelsum subsp. psittacorum
Peperomia tetraphylla
Peperomia urvilleana
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum bracteolatum (Endemic)
Pittosporum crassifolium (Naturalised)
Pittosporum undulatum (Naturalised)
Plantaginaceae
Plantago debilis (Naturalised)
Plantago lanceolata (Naturalised)
Plantago major (Naturalised)
Russelia equisetiformis (Naturalised)
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbago auriculata (Naturalised)
Plumbago zeylanica
Polygalaceae
Polygala myrtifolia (Naturalised)
Polygonaceae
Fallopia convolvulus (Naturalised)
Muehlenbeckia australis
Persicaria decipiens
Rumex brownii (Naturalised)
Rumex conglomeratus (Naturalised)
Portulacaceae
Portulaca oleracea (Naturalised)
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis (Naturalised)
Rapanea ralstoniae (Endemic)
Samolus repens var. stricta
Proteaceae
Grevillea robusta (Naturalised)
Hakea salicifolia (Naturalised)
Hakea sericea (Naturalised)
Macadamia tetraphylla (Naturalised)
Ranunculaceae
Clematis dubia (Endemic)
Ranunculus muricatus (Naturalised)
Ranunculus parviflora (Naturalised)
Ranunculus repens (Naturalised)
Ranunculus sessiliflorus (Naturalised)
Rosaceae
Duchesnea indica (Naturalised)
Eriobotrya japonica (Naturalised)
Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Naturalised)
Rubus fruticosus (Naturalised)
Rubiaceae
Coffea arabica (Naturalised)
Coprosma baueri (Endemic)
Coprosma pilosa (Endemic)
Pentas lanceolata (Naturalised)
Sherardia arvensis (Naturalised)
Rutaceae
Citrus jambhiri (Naturalised)
Melicope littoralis (Endemic)
Sarcomelicope simplicifolia subsp. simplicifolia
Zanthoxylum pinnatum
Santalaceae
Exocarpus phyllanthoides var. phyllanthoides
Sapindaceae
Dodonaea viscosa subsp. viscosa
Sapotaceae
Pouteria costata
Scrophulariaceae
Calceolaria tripartita (Naturalised)
Misopates orontium (Naturalised)
Verbascum thapsus (Naturalised)
Verbascum virgatum (Naturalised)
Veronica arvensis (Naturalised)
Veronica persica (Naturalised)
Veronica plebeia (Naturalised)
Solanaceae
Brugmansia suaveolens (Naturalised)
Datura stramonium (Naturalised)
Lycium ferocissimum (Naturalised)
Lycopersicon esculentum (Naturalised)
Nicandra physalodes (Naturalised)
Nicotiana tabacum (Naturalised)
Petunia × hybrida (Naturalised)
Physalis peruviana (Naturalised)
Solandra maxima (Naturalised)
Solanum americanum subsp. nutans
Solanum aviculare (Extinct)
Solanum bauerianum (Endemic)
Solanum linneanum (Naturalised)
Solanum mauritianum (Naturalised)
Sterculiaceae
Ungeria floribunda (Endemic)
Thymelaeaceae
Wikstroemia australis
Tiliaceae
Triumfetta rhomboidea
Urticaceae
Boehmeria australis subsp. australis (Endemic)
Boehmeria nivea (Naturalised)
Elatostema montanum (Endemic)
Parietaria debilis
Pilea microphylla (Naturalised)
Urtica urens (Naturalised)
Verbenaceae
Duranta erecta (Naturalised)
Lantana camara (Naturalised)
Verbena bonariensis (Naturalised)
Verbena litoralis (Naturalised)
Violaceae
Melicytus latifolius (Endemic)
Melicytus remiflorus subsp. oblongifolius (Endemic)
Viola betonicifolia subsp. nova-guineensis
Viola tricolor (Naturalised)
Viscaceae
Korthalsella disticha (Endemic)
The Monocotyledons (monocots) are represented on Norfolk Island by 16 families, 81 genera, and 110 species. Most of them are naturalised, with naturalised grasses account for 5 families, 47 genera and 67 species. Of the 43 indigenous species, 9 are endemic.
Agavaceae
Agave americana (Naturalised)
Cordyline obtecta
Furcraea foetida (Naturalised)
Phormium tenax
Alliaceae
Nothoscordum borbonicum (Naturalised)
Araceae
Colocasia esculenta (Naturalised)
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Naturalised)
Zantedeschia aethiopica (Naturalised)
Arecaceae
Howea forsteriana (Naturalised)
Phoenix canariensis (Naturalised)
Rhopalostylis baueri
Asphodelaceae
Aloe maculata (Naturalised)
Cannaceae
Canna indica (Naturalised)
Colchicaceae
Gloriosa superba (Naturalised)
Commelinaceae
Commelina cyanea
Tradescantia zebrina (Naturalised)
Cyperaceae
Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
Carex breviculmis
Carex inversa
Carex neesiana (Endemic)
Cyperus albostriatus (Naturalised)
Cyperus gracilis (Naturalised)
Cyperus involucratus (Naturalised)
Cyperus lucidus
Cyperus rotundus (Naturalised)
Eleocharis acuta
Isolepis inundata
Isolepis nodosa
Isolepis cernua var. setiformis (Endemic)
Kyllinga brevifolia
Pycreus polystachyos
Schoenoplectus validus
Hemerocallidaceae
Dianella intermedia (Endemic)
Iridaceae
Anomatheca laxa (Naturalised)
Ferraria crispa (Naturalised)
Gladiolus × hortulanus (Naturalised)
Homeria flaccida (Naturalised)
Sisyrinchium micranthum (Naturalised)
Tritonia crocata (Naturalised)
Tritonia lineata (Naturalised)
Juncaceae
Juncus articulatus (Naturalised)
Juncus australis (Naturalised)
Juncus bufonius (Naturalised)
Juncus continuus
Juncus pallidus (Naturalised)
Juncus usitatus (Naturalised)
Liliaceae
Alstroemeria pulchella (Naturalised)
Asparagus aethiopicus (Naturalised)
Asparagus plumosis (Naturalised)
Crinum asiaticum var. pedunculatum
Lilium formosanum (Naturalised)
Limnocharitaceae
Hydrocleys nymphoides
Orchidaceae
Bulbophyllum argyropus
Dendrobium brachypus (Endemic)
Dendrobium macropus subsp. macropus (Endemic)
Microtis unifolia
Oberonia titania
Phreatia limenophylax (Endemic)
Phreatia paleata
Taeniophyllum muelleri
Thelymitra longifolia (Probably indigenous)
Tropidia viridifusca
Pandanaceae
Freycinetia baueriana (Endemic)
Poaceae
Agrostis avenacea
Aira cupaniana (Naturalised)
Ammophila arenaria (Naturalised)
Anthoxanthum odoratum (Naturalised)
Arundo donax (Naturalised)
Avena fatua (Naturalised)
Avena sativa (Naturalised)
Axonopus fissifolius (Naturalised)
Bothriochloa macra (Naturalised)
Briza maxima (Naturalised)
Briza minor (Naturalised)
Bromus arenarius (Naturalised)
Bromus diandrus (Naturalised)
Bromus hordeaceus (Naturalised)
Bromus scoparius (Naturalised)
Bromus willdenowii (Naturalised)
Catapodium rigidum (Naturalised)
Cenchrus caliculatus (Possibly extinct)
Chloris gayana (Naturalised)
Cortaderia selloana (Naturalised)
Cymbopogon refractus
Cynodon dactylon (Naturalised)
Dactylis glomerata (Naturalised)
Dichelachne crinita
Dichelachne micrantha
Digitaria ciliaris (Naturalised)
Digitaria setigera
Echinochloa crusgalli (Naturalised)
Echinopogon ovatus
Ehrharta erecta (Naturalised)
Eleusine indica (Naturalised)
Elymus multiflorus subsp. kingianus
Elymus scaber
Eragrostis brownii (Naturalised)
Hordeum murinum (Naturalised)
Lepturus repens (Possibly indigenous)
Lolium perenne (Naturalised)
Lolium rigidum var. rigidum (Naturalised)
Lolium rigidum var. rottboellioides (Naturalised)
Melinis minutiflora (Naturalised)
Microlaena stipoides
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. hirtellus
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. imbecillus
Panicum effusum
Panicum maximum (Naturalised)
Paspalum dilatatum (Naturalised)
Paspalum orbiculare
Paspalum scrobiculatum
Pennisetum clandestinum (Naturalised)
Pennisetum purpureum (Naturalised)
Phalaris minor (Naturalised)
Poa annua (Naturalised)
Poa pratensis (Naturalised)
Rhynchelytrum repens (Naturalised)
Rostraria cristata (Naturalised)
Setaria palmifolia (Naturalised)
Setaria pumila subsp. pallidefusca (Naturalised)
Setaria verticillata (Naturalised)
Sorghum arundinaceum (Naturalised)
Spinifex sericeus (Naturalised)
Sporobolus africanus (Naturalised)
Sporobolus virginicus
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Naturalised)
Trisetum arduanum (Naturalised)
Vulpia bromoides (Naturalised)
Vulpia myuros f. megalura (Naturalised)
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes (Naturalised)
Smilacaceae
Geitonoplesium cymosum
Typhaceae
Typha orientalis
Two species of Pinophyta (conifers) occur on Norfolk Island: the popular endemic Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine), and the naturalised Cupressus lusitanica.
Araucariaceae
Araucaria heterophylla (Endemic)
Cupressaceae
Cupressus lusitanica (Naturalised)
The Pteridophyta (ferns) are represented on Norfolk Island by 14 families, 24 genera, and 37 species. Seven species are endemic; none are naturalised.
Adiantaceae
Adiantum diaphanum
Adiantum pubescens
Cheilanthes distans
Cheilanthes sieberi
Pellaea rotundifolia
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium australasicum f. australasicum
Asplenium australasicum f. robinsonii
Asplenium difforme
Asplenium dimorphum (Endemic)
Asplenium polyodon
Athyriaceae
Diplazium assimile
Diplazium australe
Lunathyrium japonicum
Azollaceae
Azolla pinnata
Blechnaceae
Blechnum norfolkianum
Doodia aspera
Doodia media
Cyatheaceae
Cyathea australis subsp. norfolkensis (Endemic
Cyathea brownii (Endemic)
Davalliaceae
Arthropteris tenella
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Nephrolepis flexuosa
Dennstaedtiaceae
Histiopteris incisa
Hypolepis dicksonioides
Hypolepis distans (Naturalised)
Hypolepis tenuifolia
Pteridium esculentum
Dryopteridaceae
Arachnoides aristata
Lastreopsis calantha (Endemic)
Gleicheniaceae
Dicranopteris linearis
Hymenophyllaceae
Cephalomanes bauerianum (Endemic)
Credidomanes endlicherianum
Credidomanes saxifragioides
Marattiaceae
Marattis salicina
Nephrolepidaceae
Nephrolepis cordifolia (Naturalised)
Polypodiaceae
Phymatosorus pustulatus subsp. pustulatus
Platycerium bifurcatum(Naturalised)
Pyrrosia confluens
Pteridaceae
Pteris kingiana (Endemic)
Pteris tremula
Pteris zahlbruckneriana (Endemic)
Pteris vittata (Naturalised)
Salviniaceae
Salvinia molesta (Naturalised)
Thelypteridaceae
Christella dentata
Christella parasitica
Macrothelypteris torresiana
Vittariaceae
Vittaria elongata
Norfolk Island has two species of Lycopodiophyta, the indigenous club moss Lycopodiella cernua and the naturalised spikemoss Selaginella kraussiana.
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodiella cernua
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella kraussiana (Naturalised)
Norfolk Island has two species of Psilotophyta.
Psilotaceae
Psilotum nudum
Tmesipteris norfolkensis (Endemic)
Norfolk Island has one species of Ophioglossophyta.
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossum petiolatum
