Campbell & Grondona (2012:116-130) list the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968) and Adelaar & Muysken (2004). The majority are not listed in Ethnologue. The list is arranged in alphabetical order.
Aarufi – Colombia
Aburuñe – Bolivia
Acarapi – Brazil
Aconipa (Tabancal, Tabancara) – Ecuador; only 5 words known
Aguano (Awano, Ahuano, Uguano, Aguanu, Santa Crucino) – Peru
Alarua – Brazil
Alon – Peru
Amasifuin – Peru
Amikoana (Amikuân) – Brazil
Amoeca – Brazil
Amuimo – Brazil
Anetine – Bolivia
Angara – Peru
Anicun – Brazil
Anserma (including Caramanta, Cartama) – Colombia
Aparea – Argentina
Apitupá – Brazil
Apiyipán – Bolivia
Aracadaini – Brazil
Arae – Brazil
Aramayu – Brazil
Aramurú – Brazil
Arapoá – Brazil
Arara do Beiradão (Arara do Rio Branco, Arara do Aripuanã) – Brazil
Ararau – Brazil
Arda – Peru, Colombia [a purported language isolate called "Arda" has no relation, but was a misidentified vocabulary of the West African language Popo (Gen)]
Arma-Pozo – Colombia (cf. Arma)
Aroásene – Brazil
Artane – Bolivia
Atavila – Peru
Aticum (Araticum) – Brazil
Atunceta – Colombia
Aueiko – Brazil
Avis – Brazil
Axata Darpa – Paraguay
Ayacore – Peru
Bagua – Peru; only 3 words known
Baixóta – Brazil
Bakurönchichi – Brazil
Bauá – Brazil
Bikutiakap – Brazil
Bixarenren – Brazil
Boimé (Poyme) – Brazil
Bolona – Ecuador
Bracamoro (Papamuru) – Peru
Buritiguara – Brazil
Caapina – Brazil
Cachipuna – Peru
Cafuana – Brazil
Cagua – Colombia
Caguan (Kaguan) – Argentina
Cahan – Brazil
Cajamarca – Peru
Cajatambo – Peru
Camana (Maje) – Peru
Camaraxo – Brazil
Camaré – Brazil
Campaces – Ecuador; possibly Barbacoan, with Tsafiki, but unconfirmed
Canelo – Ecuador
Cañacure – Bolivia
Capueni – Brazil
Capua – Brazil
Cara (Scyri, Caranqui, Otavalo) – Ecuador; possibly Barbacoan
Carabayo (Yuri, "Amazonas Macusa")
Caraguata – Brazil
Carapacho – Peru
Carára – Brazil
Carari – Brazil
Cararú (Cajurú) – Brazil
Caripó (Curupeche) – Brazil
Cascoasoa – Peru
Casigara – Brazil
Casota – Argentina
Cauacaua (Kawakawa) – Brazil
Cauauri – Brazil
Caucahue – southern Chile
Cauni – Brazil
Caupuna – Brazil
Cavana (Maje) – Peru
Caxago – Brazil
Cayú – Brazil
Ceococe – Brazil
Chachapoya (Chacha) – Peru
Chancay – Brazil
Chechehet ("Pampa") – Argentina
Chedua – Peru
Chicha – Bolivia
Chincha – Peru
Chinchipe – Peru
Chipiajes – Colombia
Chitarero – Colombia
Cholto – Peru
Chongo – Peru
Chono – Ecuador
Chumbivilca – Peru; possibly a variety of Puquina; might be Aymaran
Chunanawa – Peru
Churima – Bolivia
Chusco – Peru
Ciaman – Colombia
Cognomona – Peru
Colima – Ecuador; possibly Cariban
Comanahua – Peru
Comaní – Brazil
Comechingón – near Córdoba, Argentina; possibly Huarpean
Copallén (Copallín) – Peru; only 4 words known
Coritananhó – Brazil
Coxima (Koxima) – Colombia
Culaycha – Argentina
Cumayari – Brazil
Cumbazá (Belsano) – Peru
Curanave – Brazil
Curi – Brazil
Curiane – northeastern South America; precise location unknown
Curierano – Brazil
Curizeta – Peru
Curubianan – Brazil
Curumiá – Brazil
Curumro (Kurumro) – Paraguay
Curuzirari – Brazil
Cutaguá – Brazil
Cutría – Brazil
Cuximiraíba – Brazil
Cuxiuára – Brazil
Damanivá – Brazil
Dawainomol – Paraguay
Demacuri – Brazil
Diaguita (Cacan, Kakán) – northwest Argentina; subdivisions are Calchaquí, Capayán, Catamarcano, Hualfín, Paccioca [Pazioca], Pular, Quilme, Yacampis
Divihet – Argentina
Dokoro – Brazil
Duri – Brazil
Egualo – Argentina
Eimi – Peru
Emischata – Argentina
Envuelo – Colombia
Erema – Brazil
Ewarhuyana – Brazil; possibly 12 speakers in Pará State
Foklása – Brazil
Gadio – Brazil
Galache – Brazil
Gambéla – Brazil
Gorgotoqui – Bolivia
Goyana – Brazil
Guaca (and Nori) – Colombia
Guacará – Argentina
Guadaxo – Brazil
Guaimute – Brazil
Guajarapo (Guasaroca) – Bolivia
Guanaca – Colombia; possibly a relative of Guambiano (Barbacoan)
Guane – Colombia; possibly Chibchan
Guanarú – Brazil
Guanavena – Brazil
Guarino – Brazil
Guenta – Colombia
Guyarabe – Brazil
Hacaritama – Colombia
Harritiahan – Brazil
Hiauahim (Javaim) – Brazil
Himarimã – Brazil; uncontacted group
Huacavilca – Ecuador; extinct
Huambuco – Peru; might be a misspelling of Huánuco
Huayana – Peru
Huayla – Peru
Humahuaca (Omaguaca) – Argentina; apparent subdivisions are Fiscara, Jujuy, Ocloya, Osa, Purmamarca, Tiliar; Mason (1950:302) proposed an "Ataguitan" grouping that includes Humahuaca, Diaguita, and Atacameño
Iapama – Brazil
Ibabi Aniji – Peru
Idabaez – Colombia; only 1 word and a chief's name are known
Imaré – Brazil
Ina – Brazil
Iñajurupé – Brazil
Irra – Colombia
Iruri – Brazil
Isolados do Massaco (?) – Brazil
Isolados do Tanarú (?) – Brazil
Itipuna – Brazil
Itucá (Cuacá) – Brazil
Jacariá – Brazil
Jaguanai – Brazil
Jaguanan – Brazil
Jamundi – Colombia; may be Yurimangui, but no data
Jeticó (Jiripancó) – Brazil
Jitirijiti – Colombia; may be Chocó, but no data
Jurema – Brazil
Juruena – Brazil
Jururu – Brazil
Kaimbé (Caimbé, Caimbe) – Brazil; extinct
Kamba (Camba) – Brazil; possibly Tupian, extinct
Kambiwá (Cambiuá, Cambioá) – Brazil; extinct
Kantaruré – Brazil
Kapinawá – Brazil; extinct
Karahawyana – Brazil; possibly Cariban
Katembri (Kariri de Mirandela) – Brazil
Kiapüre (Quiapyre) – Brazil
Kohoroxitari – possibly Tocanoan; may be the same as Baniwa
Kokakôre – Brazil
Komokare – Brazil
Korubo (Caceteiros) – Brazil; possibly Panoan; may be the same as Marúbo, or related to Yanomámi [Yanomaman]
Koshurái – Brazil
Kururu – Brazil
Lache – Colombia; may be Chibchan, but no data
Lambi – Brazil
Lili – Colombia; may be Yurimangui, but no data
Llamish – Peru
Macamasu – Brazil
Macarú – Brazil
Macuani – Brazil
Macuaré – Brazil
Macuja – Brazil
Macuruné – Brazil
Mairajiqui – Brazil
Malaba – Ecuador; may be Barbacoa (Chibchan), but no data
Malibú – Colombia; possibly Chibchan
Malquesi – Paraguay
Manesono (Mopeseano) – Bolivia
Manta – Ecuador; possibly Chimú, but only a few patronyms are known
Maracano – Brazil
Marapaña – Brazil
Maricoxi – Brazil
Maricupi – Brazil
Maripá – Brazil
Maruquevene – Brazil
Masa – Argentina
Masarari – Brazil
Masaya – Colombia
Mashco – Peru; uncontacted, possibly related to Piro (Arawakan), or "Preandine" (Arawakan)
Matará – Argentina
Maynas (Mayna, Maina, Rimachu) – Peru; past attempts to link it to Jivaroan, Cahuapanan, Zaparoan, and Candoshi
Maxiena (Ticomeri) – Bolivia
Mayu – Brazil; possibly the same as Mayo (Panoan) or Morike (Arawakan); mayu is the Quechuan word for 'river, water'
Menejou – Brazil
Minhahá – Brazil
Miarrã – Brazil
Mocana – Brazil; may be related to Malibú, but only 2 words known
Moheyana – Brazil
Morcote – Colombia; may be Chibchan, but no data
Moriquito – Brazil
Morua – Brazil
Moyobamba (Moyo-Pampa) – Peru
Muriva – Brazil
Muzapa – Peru
Muzo – Colombia; may be Pijao (Cariban), but only 3 words known
Natagaimas – Colombia; extinct
Nacai – Brazil
Nambu – Bolivia
Nauna – Brazil
Nindaso – Peru
Nocadeth – Brazil
Nomona – Peru
Ñumasiara – Brazil
Ocra – Peru
Ocren – Brazil
Ohoma – Argentina; may be the same as Hohoma or Mahoma
Oivaneca – Brazil
Olmos – Peru; possibly connected with Sechura
Onicoré – Brazil
Onoyóro – Brazil
Orí – Brazil
Ortue – Bolivia
Otecua – Peru
Otegua – Colombia
Otí (Eochavante, Chavante) – Brazil; Greenberg classifies it as Macro-Gé, though this is unlikely according to Ribeiro (2006:422)
Pacabuey – Colombia; may be Malibú (Chibchan), but no data
Pacarará (Pakarara) – Brazil
Pacimonari – Venezuela
Paguara – Brazil
Panatagua (Pantahua) – Peru; extinct, possibly Arawakan
Panche – Colombia; possibly Cariban
Pankararé (Pankaré) – Bahía, Brazil; extinct
Pantágora (Palenque) – Colombia
Pao – Venezuela
Papamiän – Brazil
Papana – Brazil
Papavô – Brazil; uncontacted, may be Arawakan or Panoan (?)
Paragoaru – Brazil?
Paraparixana – Brazil
Parapicó – Brazil
Patagón – Peru; possibly Cariban
Patiti – Brazil
Payacú – Brazil
Payanso – Peru
Pehuenche (Peguenche) – Argentina
Peria (Poria) – Brazil
Perovosan – Bolivia
Piapia – Brazil
Pijao (Piajao, Pixao, Pinao) – Colombia
Pipipan – Brazil
Pocoana – Brazil
Porcá – Brazil
Porú (Procáze) – Brazil
Pubenza [Popayan] – Colombia
Puná (Puná Island) – Ecuador
Puquina – Peru, Bolivia, Chile
Quelosi – Argentina
Querandí (Carendie) – Argentina, near Buenos Aires; may be related to Gününa Küne
Quiquidcana (Quidquidcana, Kikidkana) – Peru
Quijo (Kijo) – Ecuador; may be Barbácoa (Chibchan), but only 3 words are known
Quillacinga (Quillasinga) – Ecuador; may be Sebondoy (Chibchan); Fabre (1998:676) reports that the Kamsa (speakers of a language isolate) are descended, at least in part, from the Quillasinga
Quimbaya – Colombia; may be Chocó, but only 1 word is known
Quimbioá – Brazil
Quindío (Quindio) – Colombia
Quingnam – Peru; extinct, possibly the same as Lengua (Yunga) Pescadora of colonial sources; according to Quilter et al. (2010), a list of numbers was recently found
Qurigmã – Brazil
Rabona – Ecuador; possibly Candoshi (Murato), but there are similarities with Aguaruna (Jivaroan)
Roramí (Oramí) – Brazil
Sácata (Sacata, Zácata, Chillao) – Peru; extinct; may be Candoshi or Arawakan, but only 3 words known
Sacosi – Bolivia
Sacracrinha (Sequaquirihen) – Brazil
Sanavirón – Argentina, near Córdova. Loukotka classified it as an isolate, but there is insufficient data to justify this.
Sapeiné – Peru
Seden – Brazil
Siberi – Bolivia
Sintó (Assek, Upsuksinta) – Paraguay
Sinú (Zenú) – Colombia; may be Chocó, but no data
Sipisipi – Peru
Socorino – Bolivia
Stanatevogyet – Paraguay
Supuselo – Argentina
Surucosi – Bolivia
Suruim – Brazil
Tacunbiacu – Bolivia
Taguaylen – Argentina
Tacarúba (Tacarua) – Brazil
Taluhet – Argentina
Tamacosi – Bolivia
Tamaní – Colombia
Tamaquéu – Brazil
Tamararé – Brazil
Tambaruré – Brazil
Taminani – Brazil
Tanquihua – Peru
Tapacurá – Brazil
Tapeba – Brazil
Tapuisú – Brazil
Tarairiú (Tarairiu, Ochucuyana) – Brazil
Tarimoxi – Brazil
Taripio – Brazil, Suriname
Tavúri – Brazil
Tchagoyána – Brazil
Tchicoyna – Brazil
Tegua – Colombia
Tepqui – Peru
Tevircacap – Brazil
Tiboi – Bolivia
Timaná – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan)
Tingán – Peru
Tingui-Boto – Brazil; extinct; also known as Tingui, Tingui-Botó, Carapató, Karapató
Tobachana – Brazil
Tohazana – Venezuela
Tomata – Bolivia
Tomina – Bolivia
Tonocoté – Argentina, Chaco region
Tororí – Brazil
Truká – Brazil
Tremembé (Teremembé, Taramembé) – Brazil
Tubichaminí
Tucumanduba – Brazil
Tulumayo – Peru
Tupijó – Brazil
Tupiokón – Brazil
Tutura – Bolivia
Uairua – Brazil
Uauarate – Brazil
Uranaju – Brazil
Urucuai – Brazil
Uruma – Brazil
Uru-Pa-In – Brazil
Urupuca – Brazil
Ururi – Brazil, Mato Grosso
Vanherei – Brazil
Vouve – Brazil
Waitaká (Guaitacá, Goyatacá, Goytacaz) – Brazil; subdivisions: Mopi, Yacorito, Wasu, Miri
Wakoná (Wacona, Acona) – Brazil
Walêcoxô – Brazil
Wasu (Waçu, Wassu) – Brazil
Wau – Peru
Xaquese – Bolivia
Xaray – Bolivia
Xibata – Brazil
Xipará – Brazil
Xiroa – Ecuador; mentioned in early sources, and may be a variant spelling of Jívaro
Xokó – Brazil; only 4 words are known; also known as Chocó, Shoco, Shokó, Chocaz
Yalcón – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan), but no data
Yamesí – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan), but no data
Yampará – Bolivia
Yaperú (Naperú, Apirú) – Paraguay
Yarí – Colombia; may be a Carijona (Cariban dialect), West Tucanoan, or Huitoto[an]
Yariguí (Yarigüí) – Colombia; may be Opone (Karaib), but no data (Yarigui people)
Yauei – Brazil
Yenmu – Colombia
Yoemanai – Brazil
Yufiua – Brazil
Yumbo – Ecuador; may be Barbácoa (Chibchan), but no data
Zapazo – Peru
Zuana – Brazil
Yurimagua (Zurimagua, Jurimagua) – Peru
Zurina – Brazil
Ethnologue 17 lists the following languages of South America as unclassified:
Abishira (Peru)
Agavotaguerra (Brazil) (evidently one of the Paresi-Waura languages)
Aguano (Peru)
Aikanã (Brazil)
Cagua (Colombia)
Carabayo (Colombia)
Chipiajes (Colombia)
Coxima (Colombia)
Himarimã (Brazil)
Iapama (Brazil)
Kaimbé (Brazil)
Kamba (Brazil)
Kambiwá (Brazil)
Kapinawá (Brazil)
Karahawyana (Brazil)
Korubo (Brazil) [update article]
Mato Grosso Arára (Brazil)
Natagaimas (Colombia)
Pankararé (Brazil)
Pijao (Colombia)
Pumé (Venezuela)
Shenenawa (Brazil)
Tapeba (Brazil)
Tingui-Boto (Brazil)
Tremembé (Brazil)
Truká (Brazil)
Uamué (Brazil) (counted as an isolate, but too poorly attested to classify)
Wakoná (Brazil)
Wasu (Brazil)
Xukurú (Brazil)
Yarí (Colombia)
