List of state leaders in the 20th century

Updated on Nov 27, 2023

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This is a list of the leaders of autonomous states in the 20th century (1901–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 20th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa: Central

Angola

People's Republic of Angola

Presidents (complete list) –

Agostinho Neto, President (1975–1979)

José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–1992)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Lopo do Nascimento, Prime minister (1975–1978)

Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Republic of Angola

Presidents (complete list) –

José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1992–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Marcolino Moco, Prime minister (1992–1996)

Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008)

Cameroon

Cameroon

Presidents (complete list) –

Ahmadou Ahidjo, President (1960–1982)

Paul Biya, President (1982–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ahmadou Ahidjo, Prime minister (1958–1960)

Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1960–1961)

East Cameroon

Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1961–1965)

Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime minister (1965)

Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime minister (1965–1972)

West Cameroon

John Ngu Foncha, Prime minister (1961–1965)

Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime minister (1965–1968)

Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime minister (1968–1972)

United Cameroon

Paul Biya, Prime minister (1972–1982)

Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime minister (1982–1983)

Luc Ayang, Prime minister (1983–1984)

Sadou Hayatou, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Simon Achidi Achu, Prime minister (1992–1996)

Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)

Central African Republic

Central African Republic

Presidents (complete list) –

David Dacko, President (1960–1966)

Jean-Bédel Bokassa

President (1966–1976)

Emperor (1976–1979)

David Dacko, President (1979–1981)

André Kolingba, President (1981–1993)

Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

David Dacko, Prime minister (1959–1960)

Elisabeth Domitien, Prime minister (1975–1976)

Ange-Félix Patassé, Prime minister (1976–1978)

Henri Maïdou, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Bernard Ayandho, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Jean-Pierre Lebouder, Prime minister (1980–1981)

Simon Narcisse Bozanga, Prime minister (1981)

Édouard Frank, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Timothée Malendoma, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Enoch Derant Lakoué, Prime minister (1993)

Jean-Luc Mandaba, Prime minister (1993–1995)

Gabriel Koyambounou, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Jean-Paul Ngoupandé, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Chad

Chad

Presidents (complete list) –

François Tombalbaye, President (1960–1975)

Noël Milarew Odingar, President (1975)

Félix Malloum, President (1975–1979)

Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979)

Lol Mahamat Choua, President (1979)

Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979–1982)

Hissène Habré, President (1982–1990)

Idriss Déby, President (1990–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hissène Habré, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Djidingar Dono Ngardoum, Prime minister (1982)

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Joseph Yodoyman, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Fidèle Moungar, Prime minister (1993)

Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (1993–1995)

Koibla Djimasta, Prime minister (1995–1997)

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)

Congo (Léopoldville)

Congo Free State

Sovereign –

Leopold II of Belgium, Sovereign (1885–1908)

Governors general (complete list) –

Théophile Wahis, Governor general (1892–1908)

Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)

Presidents (complete list) –

Joseph Kasa-Vubu, President (1960–1965)

Antoine Gizenga, Rebel President (1961)

Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1965–1971)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Patrice Lumumba, Prime minister (1960)

Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1960)

Albert Ndele, Prime minister (1960)

Justin Marie Bomboko, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1961)

Antoine Gizenga, Rebel, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Cyrille Adoula, Prime minister (1961–1964)

Moise Tshombe, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Évariste Kimba, Prime minister (1965)

Léonard Mulamba, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Zaire

Presidents (complete list) –

Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1971–1997)

Heads of government (complete list) –

Mpinga Kasenda, Prime minister (1977–1979)

Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First state commissioner (1980–1981)

N'Singa Udjuu, First state commissioner (1981–1982)

Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1982–1986)

Mabi Mulumba, First state commissioner (1987–1988)

Jules Fontaine Sambwa, First state commissioner (1988)

Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1988–1990)

Lunda Bululu, Prime minister (1990–1991)

Mulumba Lukoji, Prime minister (1991)

Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1991)

Bernardin Mungul Diaka, Prime minister (1991)

Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Faustin Birindwa, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1994–1997)

Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1997)

Likulia Bolongo, Prime minister (1997)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (complete list) –

Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)

Congo (Brazzaville)

Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

Presidents (complete list) –

Fulbert Youlou, President (1960–1963)

Alphonse Massamba-Débat, President (1963–1968)

Alfred Raoul, President (1968–1969)

Marien Ngouabi, President (1969–1977)

Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour (1977)

Joachim Yhombi-Opango, President (1977–1979)

Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1979–1992)

Pascal Lissouba, President (1992–1997)

Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Prime minister (1963)

Pascal Lissouba, Prime minister (1963–1966)

Ambroise Noumazalaye, Prime minister (1966–1968)

Alfred Raoul, Prime minister (1968–1969)

Henri Lopès, Prime minister (1973–1975)

Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1975–1984)

Ange Édouard Poungui, Prime minister (1984–1989)

Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime minister (1989–1990)

Pierre Moussa, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991)

Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1991)

André Milongo, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra, Prime minister (1992)

Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Prime minister (1993–1996)

Charles David Ganao, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Bernard Kolélas, Prime minister (1997)

Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Presidents (complete list) –

Francisco Macías Nguema, President (1968–1979)

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime minister (1982–1992)

Silvestre Siale Bileka, Prime minister (1992–1996)

Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)

Gabon

Gabon

Presidents (complete list) –

Léon M'ba, President (1960–1967)

Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Léon M'ba, Prime minister (1957–1961)

Léon Mébiame, Prime minister (1975–1990)

Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime minister (1990–1994)

Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime minister (1994–1999)

Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)

São Tomé and Príncipe

São Tomé and Príncipe

Presidents (complete list) –

Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (1975–1991)

Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Miguel Trovoada, Prime minister (1975–1979)

Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime minister (1988–1991)

Daniel Daio, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime minister (1992–1994)

Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (1994)

Carlos Graça, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Armindo Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Raul Bragança Neto, Prime minister (1996–1999)

Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Africa: East

Kingdom of Burundi

Kings (complete list) –

Mwezi IV Gisabo, King (c.1850–1908)

Mutaga IV Mbikije, King (1908–1915)

Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King (1915–1966)

Ntare V, King (1966)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

André Muhirwa, Prime minister (1961–1963)

Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1965)

Pié Masumbuko, Prime minister (1965)

Joseph Bamina, Prime minister (1965)

Léopold Biha, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Michel Micombero, Prime minister (1966)

Republic of Burundi

Presidents (complete list) –

Michel Micombero, President (1966–1976)

Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President (1976–1987)

Pierre Buyoya, President (1987–1993)

Melchior Ndadaye, President (1993)

François Ngeze, President (1993)

Sylvie Kinigi, Acting President (1993–1994)

Cyprien Ntaryamira, President (1994)

Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President (1994–1996)

Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1972–1973)

Édouard Nzambimana, Prime minister (1976–1978)

Adrien Sibomana, Prime minister (1988–1993)

Sylvie Kinigi, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Anatole Kanyenkiko, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Antoine Nduwayo, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Pascal-Firmin Ndimira, Prime minister (1996–1998)

Comoros

Presidents (complete list) –

Ahmed Abdallah, President (1975)

Said Mohamed Jaffar, President (1975–1976)

Ali Soilih, President (1976–1978)

Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978)

Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978), President (1978–1989)

Haribon Chebani, Provisional President (1989)

Said Mohamed Djohar, Acting President (1989–1990), President (1990–1995)

Combo Ayouba, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee (1995)

Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1995)

Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, President (1995–1996)

Said Mohamed Djohar, President (1996)

Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1996–1998)

Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, President (1998–1999)

Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdallah Mohamed, Prime Minister (1976–1978)

Abdallah Mohamed, Prime Minister (1978–1978)

Salim Ben Ali, Prime Minister (1978–1982)

Ali Mroudjaé, Prime Minister (1982–1984)

Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Prime Minister (1992–1992)

Ibrahim Halidi, Prime Minister (1993–1993)

Said Ali Mohamed, Prime Minister (1993–1993)

Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Prime Minister (1993–1994)

Mohamed Abdou Madi, Prime Minister (1994–1994)

Halifa Houmadi, Prime Minister (1994–1995)

Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, Prime Minister (1995–1996)

Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Prime Minister (1996–1996)

Ahmed Abdou, Prime Minister (1996–1997)

Nourdine Bourhane, Prime Minister (1997–1998)

Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister (1998–1999)

Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000)

Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Djibouti

Presidents (complete list) –

Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President (1977–1999)

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Prime minister (1977)

Ahmed Dini Ahmed, Prime minister (1977–1978)

Abdallah Mohamed Kamil, Prime minister (1978)

Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)

Eritrea (complete list) –

Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)

Derg: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (complete list) –

Aman Andom, Chairmen (1974)

Mengistu Haile Mariam, Acting Chairmen (1974)

Tafari Benti, Chairmen (1974–1977)

Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen (1977–1987)

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Presidents (complete list) –

Mengistu Haile Mariam, President (1987–1991)

Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, Acting President (1991)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Prime minister (1987–1989)

Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime minister (1989–1991)

Tesfaye Dinka, Acting Prime minister (1991)

Transitional Government of Ethiopia

Acting Presidents (complete list) –

Meles Zenawi, Acting President (1991–1995)

Prime minister (complete list) –

Tamrat Layne, Acting Prime minister (1991–1995)

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Presidents (complete list) –

Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)

Kenya

Heads of state (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1963–1964)

Jomo Kenyatta, President (1964–1978)

Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Jomo Kenyatta, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Madagascar

Presidents (complete list) –

Philibert Tsiranana, President (1959–1972)

Gabriel Ramanantsoa, President (1972–1975)

Richard Ratsimandrava, President (1975)

Gilles Andriamahazo, President (1975)

Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council (1975–1993)

Albert Zafy, President (1993–1996)

Norbert Ratsirahonana, Acting President (1996–1997)

Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime minister (1972–1975)

Joel Rakotomalala, Prime minister (1976)

Justin Rakotoniaina, Prime minister (1976–1977)

Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime minister (1977–1988)

Victor Ramahatra, Prime minister (1988–1991)

Guy Razanamasy, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Francisque Ravony, Prime minister (1993–1995)

Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Norbert Ratsirahonana, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Pascal Rakotomavo, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)

Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)

Queen (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1968–1992)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1968–1982)

Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1982–1992)

Republic of Mauritius

Presidents (complete list) –

Veerasamy Ringadoo, President (1992)

Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1992–1995)

Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)

Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Rwanda

Presidents (complete list) –

Dominique Mbonyumutwa, Interim President (1961)

Grégoire Kayibanda, President (1961–1973)

Juvénal Habyarimana, President (1973–1994)

Théodore Sindikubwabo, Interim President (1994)

Pasteur Bizimungu, President (1994–2000)

Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Grégoire Kayibanda, Prime minister (1961–1962)

Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Jean Kambanda, Prime minister (1994)

Faustin Twagiramungu, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000)

Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)

Seychelles

Presidents (complete list) –

James Mancham, President (1976–1977)

France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

France-Albert René, Prime minister (1976–1977)

Somali Republic

Presidents (complete list) –

Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President (1960–1967)

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, President (1967–1969)

Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein, Interim President (1969)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1960)

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime minister (1960–1964)

Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Prime minister (1964–1967 )

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1967–1969)

Somali Democratic Republic

Presidents (complete list) –

Siad Barre, President (1969–1991)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime minister (1987–1990)

Muhammad Hawadle Madar, Prime minister (1990–1991)

Interim Government of Somalia

Presidents (complete list) –

Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President (1991–1997)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime minister (1991–1997)

Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

Presidents (complete list) –

Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Tanzania

Presidents (complete list) –

Julius Nyerere, President (1964–1985)

Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President (1985–1995)

Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Rashidi Kawawa, Prime minister (1972–1977)

Edward Sokoine, Prime minister (1977–1980)

Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1980–1983)

Edward Sokoine, Prime minister (1983–1984)

Salim Ahmed Salim, Prime minister (1984–1985)

Joseph Warioba, Prime minister (1985–1990)

John Malecela, Prime minister (1990–1994)

Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)

Uganda

Presidents (complete list) –

Mutesa II, President (1963–1966)

Milton Obote, President (1966–1971)

Idi Amin, President (1971–1979)

Yusuf Lule, Interim President (1979)

Godfrey Binaisa, President (1979–1980)

Paulo Muwanga, President (1980)

Presidential Commission of Uganda (1980)

Milton Obote, President (1980–1985)

Bazilio Olara-Okello, de facto Head of state (1985)

Tito Okello, President (1985–1986)

Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Benedicto Kiwanuka, Prime minister (1962)

Milton Obote, Prime minister (1962–1966)

Otema Allimadi, Prime minister (1980–1985)

Paulo Muwanga, Prime minister (1985)

Abraham Waligo, Prime minister (1985–1986)

Samson Kisekka, Prime minister (1986–1991)

George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime minister (1991–1994)

Kintu Musoke, Prime minister (1994–1999)

Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northcentral

Kingdom of Libya

Monarch (complete list) –

Idris, King (1951–1969)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1951–1954)

Muhammad Sakizli, Prime minister (1954)

Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime minister (1954–1957)

Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime minister (1957–1960)

Muhammad Osman Said, Prime minister (1960–1963)

Mohieddin Fikini, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Hussein Maziq, Prime minister (1965–1967)

Abdul Qadir al-Badri, Prime minister (1967)

Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush, Prime minister (1967–1968)

Wanis al-Qaddafi, Prime minister (1968–1969)

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Heads of state (complete list) –

Muammar Gaddafi,

Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)

Secretary General of the General People's Congress (1977–1979)

Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)

Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Secretary-General (1979–1981)

Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Secretary-General (1981–1984)

Mifta al-Usta Umar, Secretary-General (1984–1990)

Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, Secretary-General (1990–1992)

Muhammad az-Zanati, Secretary-General (1992–2008)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Muammar Gaddafi, Prime minister (1970–1972)

Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime minister (1972–1977)

Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Prime minister (1977–1979)

Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1979–1984)

Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Prime minister (1984–1986)

Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1986–1987)

Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1987–1990)

Abuzed Omar Dorda, Prime minister (1990–1994)

Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud, Prime minister (1994–1997)

Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)

Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Beylik of Tunis

Beys (complete list) –

Ali III ibn al-Husayn, Bey (1882–1902)

Muhammad IV al-Hadi, Bey (1902–1906)

Muhammad V an-Nasir, Bey (1906–1922)

Muhammad VI al-Habib, Bey (1922–1929)

Ahmad II ibn Ali, Bey (1929–1942)

Muhammad VII al-Munsif, Bey (1942–1943)

Muhammad VIII al-Amin, Bey (1943–1956)

Grand viziers (complete list) –

Aziz Bouattour, Grand vizier (1882–1907)

M'hamed Djellouli, Grand vizier (1907–1908)

Youssef Djait, Grand vizier (1908–1915)

Taïeb Djellouli, Grand vizier (1915–1922)

Mustapha Dinguizli, Prime minister (1922–1926)

Khelil Bouhageb, Prime minister (1926–1932)

Hédi Lakhoua, Prime minister (1932–1942)

Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1943)

Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1943–1947)

Mustapha Kaak, Prime minister (1947–1950)

Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1952–1954)

Mohamed Salah Mzali, Prime minister (1954)

Georges Dupoizat, Interim Prime minister (1954)

Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1954–1956)

Kingdom of Tunisia

King (complete list) –

Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King (1956–1957)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1956)

Habib Bourguiba, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Republic of Tunisia

Presidents (complete list) –

Habib Bourguiba, President (1957–1987)

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Bahi Ladgham, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime minister (1970–1980)

Mohammed Mzali, Prime minister (1980–1986)

Rachid Sfar, Prime minister (1986–1987)

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Prime minister (1987)

Hédi Baccouche, Prime minister (1987–1989)

Hamed Karoui, Prime minister (1989–1999)

Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northeast

Khedivate of Egypt

Khedive (complete list) –

Abbas II, Khedive (1892–1914)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mostafa Fahmy Pasha, Prime minister (1895–1908)

Boutros Ghali, Prime minister (1908–1910)

Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1910–1914)

Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914)

Sultanate of Egypt

Sultan (complete list) –

Hussein Kamel, Sultan (1914–1917)

Fuad I, Sultan (1917–1922)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914–1919)

Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1919)

Youssef Wahba, Prime minister (1919–1920)

Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1920–1921)

Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1921–1922)

Kingdom of Egypt

King (complete list) –

Fuad I, King (1922–1936)

Farouk I, King (1936–1952)

Fuad II, King (1952–1953)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1922)

Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Yehya Ibrahim Pasha, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Saad Zaghloul, Prime minister (1924)

Ahmed Zeiwar Pasha, Prime minister (1924–1926)

Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1926–1927)

Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1927–1928)

Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1928)

Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1928–1929)

Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1929–1930)

Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1930)

Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1930–1933)

Abdel Fattah Yahya Pasha, Prime minister (1933–1934)

Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1934–1936)

Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1936)

Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1936–1937)

Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1937–1939)

Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1939–1940)

Hassan Sabry Pasha, Prime minister (1940)

Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1940–1942)

Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1942–1944)

Ahmad Mahir Pasha, Prime minister (1944–1945)

Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1946)

Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1946–1948)

Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1949–1950)

Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)

Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)

Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1952)

Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)

Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)

Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1952–1953)

Republic of Egypt

Presidents (complete list) –

Mohammed Naguib, President (1953–1954)

Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970)

Anwar Sadat, President (1970–1981)

Sufi Abu Taleb, Interim President (1981)

Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1953–1954)

Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)

Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)

Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962)

Ali Sabri, Prime minister (1962–1965)

Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Mohamed Sedki Sulayman, Prime minister (1966–1967)

Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister (1967–1970)

Mahmoud Fawzi, Prime minister (1970–1972)

Aziz Sedky, Prime minister (1972–1973)

Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1973–1974)

Abd El Aziz Mohamed Hegazi, Prime minister (1974–1975)

Mamdouh Salem, Prime minister (1975–1978)

Mustafa Khalil, Prime minister (1978–1980)

Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1980–1981)

Hosni Mubarak, Prime minister (1981–1982)

Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime minister (1982–1984)

Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime minister (1984–1985)

Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Prime minister (1985–1986)

Atef Sedky, Prime minister (1986–1996)

Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (1996–1999)

Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)

Republic of the Sudan

Presidents (complete list) –

Ibrahim Abboud, President (1958–1964)

Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, President (1964–1965)

Ismail al-Azhari, President (1965–1969)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ismail al-Azhari, Prime minister (1954–1956)

Abdallah Khalil, Prime minister (1956–1958)

Ibrahim Abboud, Prime minister (1958–1964)

Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1966–1967)

Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1967–1969)

Democratic Republic of the Sudan

Presidents (complete list) –

Gaafar Nimeiry, President (1969–1985)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Babiker Awadalla, Prime minister (1969)

Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1969–1976)

Rashid Bakr, Prime minister (1976–1977)

Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1977–1985)

Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985)

Republic of the Sudan

Presidents (complete list) –

Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, President (1985–1986)

Ahmed al-Mirghani, President (1986–1989)

Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985–1986)

Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1986–1989)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Presidents (complete list) –

Abderrahmane Farès, President (1962)

Ferhat Abbas, President (1962–1963)

Ahmed Ben Bella, President (1963–1965)

Houari Boumediene

Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1965–1976)

President (1976–1978)

Rabah Bitat, Interim President (1978–1979)

Chadli Bendjedid, President (1979–1992)

Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Interim President (1992)

Mohamed Boudiaf, Chairman of the High Council (1992)

Ali Kafi, President (1992–1994)

Liamine Zéroual, President (1994–1999)

Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ahmed Ben Bella, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime minister (1979–1984)

Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime minister (1984–1988)

Kasdi Merbah, Prime minister (1988–1989)

Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime minister (1989–1991)

Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Belaid Abdessalam, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Redha Malek, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Mokdad Sifi, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (1995–1998)

Smail Hamdani, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Ali Benflis, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Morocco

Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

Abdelaziz, Sultan (1894–1908)

Abdelhafid, Sultan (1908–1912)

Yusef, Sultan (1912–2027)

Mohammed Ben Aarafa, Sultan (1953–1955)

Mohammed V, Sultan (1927–1953, 1955–1957), King (1957–1961)

Hassan II, King (1961–1999)

Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mbarek Bekkay, Prime minister (1955–1958)

Ahmed Balafrej, Prime minister (1958)

Abdallah Ibrahim, Prime minister (1958–1960)

Ahmed Bahnini, Prime minister (1963–1965)

Mohamed Benhima, Prime minister (1967–1969)

Ahmed Laraki, Prime minister (1969–1971)

Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Ahmed Osman, Prime minister (1972–1979)

Maati Bouabid, Prime minister (1979–1983)

Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1983–1986)

Azzeddine Laraki, Prime minister (1986–1992)

Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1992–1994)

Abdellatif Filali, Prime minister (1994–1998)

Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime minister (1998–2002)

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western Sahara

Presidents (complete list) –

El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed, President (1976)

Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Acting President (1976)

Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1976–1982)

Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1982–1985)

Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1985–1988)

Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1988–1993)

Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1993–1995)

Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1995–1999)

Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1999–2003)

Africa: South

Botswana

Presidents (complete list) –

Seretse Khama, President (1966–1980)

Quett Masire, President (1980–1998)

Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Seretse Khama, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Lesotho

Monarchs (complete list) –

Moshoeshoe II, King (1966–1990, 1995–1996)

Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)

Heads of government (complete list) –

Leabua Jonathan, Prime minister (1965–1986)

Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986–1991)

Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993)

Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Hae Phoofolo, Interim Prime minister (1994)

Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1994–1998)

Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)

Commonwealth realm of Malawi

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1964–1966)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hastings Banda, Prime minister (1964–1966)

Republic of Malawi (complete list) –

Hastings Banda, President (1966–1994)

Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)

People's Republic of Mozambique

Presidents (complete list) –

Samora Machel, President (1975–1986)

Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO (1986)

Joaquim Chissano, President (1986–1990)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1986–1990)

Republic of Mozambique

Presidents (complete list) –

Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1990–1994)

Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)

Namibia

Presidents (complete list) –

Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)

Union of South Africa

Monarchs (complete list) –

George V, King (1910–1936)

Edward VIII, King (1936)

George VI, King (1936–1952)

Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–1961)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Louis Botha, Prime minister (1910–1919)

Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1919–1924)

J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime minister (1924–1939)

Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1939–1948)

Daniel François Malan, Prime minister (1948–1954)

Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime minister (1954–1958)

Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)

Republic of South Africa

State Presidents (complete list) –

Charles Robberts Swart, State President (1961–1967)

Jozua François Naudé, Acting State President (1967–1968)

Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President (1968–1975)

Johannes de Klerk, Acting State President (1975)

Nico Diederichs, State President (1975–1978)

Marais Viljoen, Acting State President (1978)

Balthazar Johannes Vorster, State President (1978–1979)

Marais Viljoen, State President (1979–1984)

P. W. Botha, State President (1984–1989)

F. W. de Klerk, State President (1989–1994)

Presidents (complete list) –

Nelson Mandela, President (1994–1999)

Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)

Balthazar Johannes Vorster, Prime minister (1966–1978)

Pieter Willem Botha, Prime minister (1978–1984)

Swaziland

Kings (complete list) –

Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982)

Dzeliwe, Regent (1982–1983)

Sozisa Dlamini, Acting Regent (1983)

Ntfombi, Regent (1983–1986)

Mswati III, King (1986–present)

tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975)

Seneleleni, Ndlovukati (1975–1982)

Dzeliwe, Queen Regent and Ndlovukati (1982–1983)

Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Makhosini Dlamini, Prime minister (1967–1976)

Maphevu Dlamini, Prime minister (1976–1979)

Ben Nsibandze, Acting Prime minister (1979)

Mabandla Dlamini, Prime minister (1979–1983)

Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime minister (1983–1986)

Sotsha Dlamini, Prime minister (1986–1989)

Obed Dlamini, Prime minister (1989–1993)

Andreas Fakudze, Acting Prime minister (1993)

Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Prime minister (1993–1996)

Sishayi Nxumalo, Acting Prime minister (1996)

Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)

Zambia

Presidents (complete list) –

Kenneth Kaunda, President (1964–1991)

Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1973–1975)

Elijah Mudenda, Prime minister (1975–1977)

Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1977–1978)

Daniel Lisulo, Prime minister (1978–1981)

Nalumino Mundia, Prime minister (1981–1985)

Kebby Musokotwane, Prime minister (1985–1989)

Malimba Masheke, Prime minister (1989–1991)

Rhodesia, unrecognised state

Presidents (complete list) –

Clifford Dupont, President (1970–1975)

Henry Everard, Acting President (1975–1976)

John Wrathall, President (1976–1978)

Henry Everard, Acting President (1978)

Jack William Pithey, Acting President (1978–1979)

Henry Everard, Acting President (1979)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ian Smith, Prime minister (1964–1979)

Zimbabwe Rhodesia

Presidents (complete list) –

Josiah Zion Gumede, President (1979)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abel Muzorewa, Prime minister (1979)

Zimbabwe

Presidents (complete list) –

Canaan Banana, President (1980–1987)

Robert Mugabe, President (1987–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Robert Mugabe, Prime minister (1980–1987)

Africa: West

Liberia (complete list) –

Garretson W. Gibson, President (1900–1904)

Arthur Barclay, President (1904–1912)

Daniel Edward Howard, President (1912–1920)

Charles D. B. King, President (1920–1930)

Edwin Barclay, President (1930–1944)

William Tubman, President (1944–1971)

William R. Tolbert Jr., President (1971–1980)

Samuel Doe, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986), President (1986–1990)

Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990–1994)

David D. Kpormakpor, Chairman of the Council of State (1994–1995)

Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Chairman of the Council of State (1995–1996)

Ruth Perry, Chairwoman of the Council of State (1996–1997)

Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)

Americas: Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Vere Bird, Prime minister (1981–1994)

Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)

The Bahamas

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Lynden Pindling, Prime minister (1973–1992)

Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)

Barbados

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1966–1976)

Tom Adams, Prime minister (1976–1985)

Harold Bernard St. John, Prime minister (1985–1986)

Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1986–1987)

Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime minister (1987–1994)

Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)

Cuba

Presidents (complete list) –

Tomás Estrada Palma, President (1902–1906)

US occupation (1906–1909)

José Miguel Gómez, President (1909–1913)

Mario García Menocal, President (1913–1921)

Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso, President (1921–1925)

Gerardo Machado, President (1925–1933)

Alberto Herrera y Franchi, Interim President (1933)

Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, President (1933)

Pentarchy of 1933

Ramón Grau, President (1933–1934)

Carlos Hevia, Interim President (1934)

Manuel Márquez Sterling, Interim President (1934)

Carlos Mendieta, Interim President (1934–1935)

José Agripino Barnet, Interim President (1935–1936)

Miguel Mariano Gómez, President (1936)

Federico Laredo Brú, President (1936–1940)

Fulgencio Batista, President (1940–1944)

Ramón Grau, President (1944–1948)

Carlos Prío Socarrás, President (1948–1952)

Fulgencio Batista, President (1952–1959)

Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Interim President (1959)

Carlos Manuel Piedra, Interim President (1959)

Manuel Urrutia Lleó, President (1959)

Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President (1959–1976)

Fidel Castro, President (1976–2008)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Carlos Saladrigas Zayas, Prime minister (1940–1942)

Ramón Zaydín, Prime minister (1942–1944)

Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Prime minister (1944)

Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1944–1945)

Carlos Prío Socarrás, Prime minister (1945–1947)

Raúl López del Castillo, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Manuel Antonio de Varona, Prime minister (1948–1950)

Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Óscar Gans, Prime minister (1951–1952)

Fulgencio Batista, Prime minister (1952)

Jorge García Montes, Prime minister (1955–1957)

Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Prime minister (1958)

Gonzalo Güell, Prime minister (1958–1959)

José Miró Cardona, Prime minister (1959)

Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)

Dominica

Presidents (complete list) –

Louis Cools-Lartigue, Interim President (1978–1979, 1979)

Fred Degazon, President (1979–1980)

Jenner Armour, Acting President (1979–1980)

Aurelius Marie, President (1980–1983)

Clarence Seignoret, President (1983–1993)

Crispin Sorhaindo, President (1993–1998)

Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)

Nicholas Liverpool, President (2003–2012)

Eliud Williams, President (2012–2013)

Charles Savarin, President (2013–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Patrick John, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Oliver Seraphin, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Eugenia Charles, Prime minister (1980–1995)

Edison James, Prime minister (1995–2000)

Rosie Douglas, Prime minister (2000)

Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)

Dominican Republic (complete list) –

Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1899–1902)

Horacio Vásquez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1902–1903)

Alejandro Woss y Gil, President (1903)

Carlos Felipe Morales, President (1903–1905)

Manuel Lamarche García, Emiliano Tejera, Andrés Julio Montolío, Francisco Leonte Vásquez Lajara, Carlos Ginebra, Eladio Victoria, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1905–1906)

Ramón Cáceres, President (1906–1911)

Miguel Antonio Román, José María Cabral, Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Manuel Lamarche García, Emilio Tejera, Rafael Díaz, Council of Secretaries of State (1911)

Eladio Victoria, President (1911–1912)

Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, Provisional President (1912–1913)

José Bordas Valdez, Provisional President (1913–1914)

Ramón Báez, Provisional President (1914)

Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1914–1916)

Jaime Mota, Bernardo Pichardo, José Manuel Jimenes, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1916)

Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, President (1916)

Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos, Provisional President (1922–1924)

Horacio Vásquez, President (1924–1930)

Rafael Estrella Ureña, Acting President (1930)

Rafael Trujillo, President (1930–1938)

Jacinto Peynado, President (1938–1940)

Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, President (1940–1942)

Rafael Trujillo, President (1942–1952)

Héctor Trujillo, President (1952–1960)

Joaquín Balaguer, President (1960–1962)

Armando Óscar Pacheco, Luis Amiama Tió, Antonio Imbert Barrera, Enrique Valdez Vidaurre, Wilfredo Medina Natalio, Huberto Bogaert, Civic-Military Council (1962)

Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly, President (1962–1963)

Juan Bosch, President (1963)

Víctor Elby Viñas Román, Chairman of the Provisional Junta (1963)

Emilio de los Santos y Salcié, Donald Reid Cabral, Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat, Ramón Tapia Espinal, Triumvirate (1963–1965)

Vinicio Fernández Pérez, Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez, Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, Eladio Ramírez Sánchez, Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Revolutionary Committee (1965)

José Rafael Molina Ureña, Provisional President (1965)

Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Provisional President (1965)

Antonio Imbert Barrera, President (1965)

Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President (1965–1966)

Joaquín Balaguer, President (1966–1978)

Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President (1978–1982)

Jacobo Majluta Azar, President (1982)

Salvador Jorge Blanco, President (1982–1986)

Joaquín Balaguer, President (1986–1996)

Leonel Fernández, President (1996–2000)

Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)

Grenada

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Eric Gairy, Prime minister (1974–1979)

Maurice Bishop, de facto Prime minister (1979–1983)

Bernard Coard, de facto Prime minister (1983)

Hudson Austin, de facto Prime minister (1983)

Nicholas Brathwaite, de facto Prime minister (1983–1984)

Herbert Blaize, Prime minister (1984–1989)

Ben Jones (Grenada), Prime minister (1989–1990)

Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime minister (1990–1995)

George Brizan, Prime minister (1995)

Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)

Haiti

Heads of state (complete list) –

Tirésias Simon Sam, President (1896–1902)

Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, Provisional President (1902)

Pierre Nord Alexis, President (1902–1908)

François C. Antoine Simon, President (1908–1911)

Cincinnatus Leconte, President (1911–1912)

Tancrède Auguste, President (1912–1913)

Michel Oreste, President (1913–1914)

Oreste Zamor, President (1914)

Joseph Davilmar Théodore, President (1914–1915)

Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, President (1915)

Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President (1915–1922)

Louis Borno, President (1922–1930)

Louis Eugène Roy, President (1930)

Sténio Vincent, President (1930–1941)

Élie Lescot, President (1941–1946)

Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Military Executive Committee (1946)

Dumarsais Estimé, President (1946–1950)

Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Government Junta (1950)

Paul Magloire, President (1950–1956)

Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President (1956–1957)

Franck Sylvain, Provisional President (1957)

Executive Government Council (1957)

Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President (1957)

Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council (1957)

François Duvalier, President (1957–1964), President for Life (1964–1971)

Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life (1971–1986)

Henri Namphy, President of the National Council of Government (1986–1988)

Leslie Manigat, President (1988)

Henri Namphy, President (1988)

Prosper Avril, President (1988–1990)

Hérard Abraham, Acting President (1990)

Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Provisional President (1990–1991)

Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1991)

Raoul Cédras, Acting President (1991)

Joseph Nérette, Provisional President (1991–1992)

Marc Bazin, Acting President (1992–1993)

Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1993–1994)

Émile Jonassaint, Provisional President (1994)

Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1994–1996)

René Préval, President (1996–2001)

Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (2001–2004)

Boniface Alexandre, Provisional President (2004–2006)

René Préval, President (2006–2011)

Michel Martelly, President (2011–2016)

Council of Ministers (2016)

Jocelerme Privert, Provisional President (2016–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Martial Célestin, Prime minister (1988)

René Préval, Prime minister (1991)

Jean-Jacques Honorat, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Marc Bazin, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Robert Malval, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Smarck Michel, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Claudette Werleigh, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Rosny Smarth, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Jamaica

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Alexander Bustamante, Prime minister (1962–1967)

Donald Sangster, Prime minister (1967)

Hugh Shearer, Prime minister (1967–1972)

Michael Manley, Prime minister (1972–1980)

Edward Seaga, Prime minister (1980–1989)

Michael Manley, Prime minister (1989–1992)

P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Kennedy Simmonds, Prime minister (1983–1995)

Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)

Saint Lucia

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

John Compton, Prime minister (1979)

Allan Louisy, Prime minister (1979–1981)

Winston Cenac, Prime minister (1981–1982)

Michael Pilgrim, Acting Prime minister (1982)

John Compton, Prime minister (1982–1996)

Vaughan Lewis, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Milton Cato, Prime minister (1979–1984)

James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000)

Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Commonwealth realm of Trinidad and Tobago

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–1976)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)

Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Presidents (complete list) –

Ellis Clarke, President (1976–1987)

Michael J. Williams, Acting President (1987)

Noor Hassanali, President (1987–1997)

A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)

George Maxwell Richards, President (2003–2013)

Anthony Carmona, President (2013–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)

George Chambers, Prime minister (1981–1986)

A. N. R. Robinson, Prime minister (1986–1991)

Patrick Manning, Prime minister (1991–1995)

Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)

Americas: Central

Belize

Monarchs (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1981–1984)

Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1984–1989)

George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1989–1993)

Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1993–1998)

Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)

Costa Rica (complete list) –

Rafael Yglesias Castro, President (1894–1902)

Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, President (1902–1906)

Cleto González Víquez, President (1906–1910)

Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1910–1914)

Alfredo González Flores, President (1914–1917)

Federico Tinoco Granados, President (1917–1919)

Juan Quirós Segura, President (1919)

Francisco Aguilar Barquero, President (1919–1920)

Julio Acosta García, President (1920–1924)

Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1924–1928)

Cleto González Víquez, President (1928–1932)

Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1932–1936)

León Cortés Castro, President (1936–1940)

Rafael Calderón Guardia, President (1940–1944)

Teodoro Picado Michalski, President (1944–1948)

Santos León Herrera, Interim President (1948)

José Figueres Ferrer, President (1948–1949)

Otilio Ulate Blanco, President (1949–1953)

José Figueres Ferrer, President (1953–1958)

Mario Echandi Jiménez, President (1958–1962)

Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President (1962–1966)

José Trejos Fernández, President (1966–1970)

José Figueres Ferrer, President (1970–1974)

Daniel Oduber Quirós, President (1974–1978)

Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President (1978–1982)

Luis Monge Álvarez, President (1982–1986)

Óscar Arias, President (1986–1990)

Rafael Calderón Fournier, President (1990–1994)

José Figueres Olsen, President (1994–1998)

Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)

El Salvador (complete list) –

Tomás Regalado, President (1898–1903)

Pedro José Escalón, President (1903–1907)

Fernando Figueroa, President (1907–1911)

Manuel Enrique Araujo, President (1911–1913)

Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, Provisional President (1913–1914)

Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Provisional President (1914–1915)

Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, President (1915–1918)

Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Acting President (1918–1919)

Jorge Meléndez, President (1919–1923)

Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, President (1923–1927)

Pío Romero Bosque, President (1927–1931)

Arturo Araujo, President (1931)

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, Acting President (1931–1934)

Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1934–1935)

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President (1935–1944)

Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1944)

Osmín Aguirre y Salinas, Provisional President (1944–1945)

Salvador Castaneda Castro, President (1945–1948)

Revolutionary Council of Government, (1948–1950)

Óscar Osorio, President (1950–1956)

José María Lemus, President (1956–1960)

Junta of Government, (1960–1961)

Civic-Military Directory, (1961–1962)

Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea, Provisional President (1962)

Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President (1962–1967)

Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President (1967–1972)

Arturo Armando Molina, President (1972–1977)

Carlos Humberto Romero, President (1977–1979)

Revolutionary Government Junta, (1979–1982)

Álvaro Magaña, President (1982–1984)

José Napoleón Duarte, President (1984–1989)

Alfredo Cristiani, President (1989–1994)

Armando Calderón Sol, President (1994–1999)

Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)

Guatemala (complete list) –

Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President (1898–1920)

Carlos Herrera, President (1920–1921)

José María Orellana, President (1921–1926)

Lázaro Chacón González, President (1926–1931)

José María Reina Andrade, Acting President (1931)

Jorge Ubico, President (1931–1944)

Juan Federico Ponce Vaides, Acting President (1944)

Revolutionary Government Junta, President (1944–1945)

Juan José Arévalo, President (1945–1951)

Jacobo Árbenz, President (1951–1954)

Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, Provisional President (1954)

Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre, Chairman of Military Junta (1954)

Carlos Castillo Armas, President (1954–1957)

Luis Arturo González López, Acting President (1957)

Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of Military Junta (1957)

Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President (1957–1958)

Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President (1958–1963)

Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President (1963–1966)

Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President (1966–1970)

Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President (1970–1974)

Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President (1974–1978)

Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President (1978–1982)

Efraín Ríos Montt, President (1982–1983)

Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, President (1983–1986)

Vinicio Cerezo, President (1986–1991)

Jorge Serrano Elías, President (1991–1993)

Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, President (1993)

Ramiro de León Carpio, President (1993–1996)

Álvaro Arzú, President (1996–2000)

Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)

Honduras (complete list) –

Terencio Sierra, President (1899–1903)

Juan Ángel Arias Boquín, President (1903)

Manuel Bonilla, President (1903–1907)

Miguel Oquelí Bustillo, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1907)

Miguel R. Dávila, President (1907–1911)

Francisco Bertrand, Acting President (1911–1912)

Manuel Bonilla, President (1912–1913)

Francisco Bertrand, President (1913–1919)

Salvador Aguirre, Acting President (1919)

Vicente Mejía Colindres, Acting President (1919)

Francisco Bográn, Acting President (1919–1920)

Rafael López Gutiérrez, President (1920–1924)

Francisco Bueso, Acting President (1924)

Tiburcio Carías Andino, President as First Chief of the Liberating Revolution (1924)

Vicente Tosta, Provisional President (1924–1925)

Miguel Paz Barahona, President (1925–1929)

Vicente Mejía Colindres, President (1929–1933)

Tiburcio Carías Andino, President (1933–1949)

Juan Manuel Gálvez, President (1949–1954)

Julio Lozano Díaz, President (1954–1956)

Military Government Council, President (1956–1957)

Ramón Villeda Morales, President (1957–1963)

Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1963–1971)

Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés, President (1971–1972)

Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1972–1975)

Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, President (1975–1978)

Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President (1978–1982)

Roberto Suazo Córdova, President (1982–1986)

José Azcona del Hoyo, President (1986–1990)

Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President (1990–1994)

Carlos Roberto Reina, President (1994–1998)

Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)

Nicaragua (complete list) –

José Santos Zelaya, President (1893–1909)

José Madriz, Acting President (1909–1910)

José Dolores Estrada, Acting President (1910)

Luis Mena, Acting President (1910)

Juan José Estrada, Provisional President (1910–1911)

Adolfo Díaz, President (1911–1917)

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President (1917–1921)

Diego Manuel Chamorro, President (1921–1923)

Rosendo Chamorro, Acting President (1923)

Bartolomé Martínez, President (1923–1925)

Carlos José Solórzano, President (1925–1926)

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, de facto President (1926)

Sebastián Uriza, Acting President (1926)

Adolfo Díaz, President (1926–1929)

José María Moncada, President (1929–1933)

Juan Bautista Sacasa, President (1933–1936)

Carlos Alberto Brenes, Acting President (1936–1937)

Anastasio Somoza García, President (1937–1947)

Leonardo Argüello Barreto, President (1947)

Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa, Acting President (1947)

Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, President (1947–1950)

Manuel Fernando Zurita, Acting President (1950)

Anastasio Somoza García, President (1950–1956)

Luis Somoza Debayle, President (1956–1963)

René Schick, President (1963–1966)

Orlando Montenegro Medrano, Acting President (1966)

Lorenzo Guerrero, President (1966–1967)

Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1967–1972)

Liberal-Conservative Junta, President (1972–1974)

Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1974–1979)

Francisco Urcuyo, Acting President (1979)

Junta of National Reconstruction: Daniel Ortega, Coordinator (1979–1985)

Daniel Ortega, President (1985–1990)

Violeta Chamorro, President (1990–1997)

Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)

Panama

Presidents (complete list) –

Manuel Amador Guerrero, President (1904–1908)

José Domingo de Obaldía, President (1908–1910)

Carlos Antonio Mendoza, Acting President (1910)

Federico Boyd, Acting President (1910)

Pablo Arosemena, Acting President (1910–1912)

Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1912–1916)

Ramón Maximiliano Valdés, President (1916–1918)

Ciro Luis Urriola, Acting President (1918)

Pedro Antonio Díaz, Acting President (1918)

Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1918–1920)

Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre, Acting President (1920)

Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1920–1924)

Rodolfo Chiari, President (1924–1928)

Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, President (1928–1931)

Harmodio Arias Madrid, Acting President (1931)

Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované, President (1931–1932)

Harmodio Arias Madrid, President (1932–1936)

Juan Demóstenes Arosemena, President (1936–1939)

Ezequiel Fernández, Acting President (1939)

Augusto Samuel Boyd, Acting President (1939–1940)

Arnulfo Arias, President (1940–1941)

Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, President (1941–1945)

Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President (1945–1948)

Domingo Díaz Arosemena, President (1948–1949)

Daniel Chanis Pinzón, President (1949)

Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1949)

Arnulfo Arias, President (1949–1951)

Alcibíades Arosemena, President (1951–1952)

José Antonio Remón Cantera, President (1952–1955)

José Ramón Guizado, President (1955)

Ricardo Arias, President (1955–1956)

Ernesto de la Guardia, President (1956–1960)

Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1960–1964)

Marco Aurelio Robles, President (1964–1968)

Arnulfo Arias, President (1968)

José María Pinilla Fábrega, Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla, Military junta/ Presidents (1968–1969)

Demetrio B. Lakas, President (1969–1978)

Aristides Royo, President (1978–1982)

Ricardo de la Espriella, President (1982–1984)

Jorge Illueca, President (1984)

Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino, President (1984–1985)

Eric Arturo Delvalle, Acting President (1985–1988)

Manuel Solís Palma, Acting President (1988–1989)

Francisco Rodríguez, Provisional President (1989)

Guillermo Endara, President (1989–1994)

Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President (1994–1999)

Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)

Military leaders: de facto Heads of state (1968–1989)

Omar Torrijos, Military leader (1968–1981)

Florencio Flores Aguilar, Military leader (1981–1982)

Rubén Darío Paredes, Military leader (1982–1983)

Manuel Noriega, Military leader (1983–1989)

Americas: North

Canada

Monarchs (complete list) –

George V, King (1931–1936)

Edward VIII, King (1936)

George VI, King (1936–1952)

Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Wilfrid Laurier, Prime minister (1896–1911)

Robert Borden, Prime minister (1911–1920)

Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1920–1921)

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1921–1926)

Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1926)

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1926–1930)

R. B. Bennett, Prime minister (1930–1935)

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1935–1948)

Louis St. Laurent, Prime minister (1948–1957)

John Diefenbaker, Prime minister (1957–1963)

Lester B. Pearson, Prime minister (1963–1968)

Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1968–1979)

Joe Clark, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1980–1984)

John Turner, Prime minister (1984)

Brian Mulroney, Prime minister (1984–1993)

Kim Campbell, Prime minister (1993)

Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)

Mexico (complete list) –

Porfirio Díaz, President (1884–1911)

Francisco León de la Barra, President (1911)

Francisco I. Madero, President (1911–1913)

Pedro Lascuráin, President (1913)

Victoriano Huerta, President (1913–1914)

Francisco S. Carvajal, President (1914)

Eulalio Gutiérrez, President (1914–1915)

Roque González Garza, President (1915)

Francisco Lagos Cházaro, Provisional President (1915)

Venustiano Carranza, First Chief of the Constitutional Army (1914–1917), President (1917–1920)

Adolfo de la Huerta, President (1920)

Álvaro Obregón, President (1920–1924)

Plutarco Elías Calles, President (1924–1928)

Emilio Portes Gil, Interim President (1928–1930)

Pascual Ortiz Rubio, President (1930–1932)

Abelardo L. Rodríguez, President (1932–1934)

Lázaro Cárdenas, President (1934–1940)

Manuel Ávila Camacho, President (1940–1946)

Miguel Alemán Valdés, President (1946–1952)

Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President (1952–1958)

Adolfo López Mateos, President (1958–1964)

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President (1964–1970)

Luis Echeverría, President (1970–1976)

José López Portillo, President (1976–1982)

Miguel de la Madrid, President (1982–1988)

Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President (1988–1994)

Ernesto Zedillo, President (1994–2000)

Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006)

United States (complete list) –

William McKinley, President (1897–1901)

Theodore Roosevelt, President (1901–1909)

William Howard Taft, President (1909–1913)

Woodrow Wilson, President (1913–1921)

Warren G. Harding, President (1921–1923)

Calvin Coolidge, President (1923–1929)

Herbert Hoover, President (1929–1933)

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President (1933–1945)

Harry S. Truman, President (1945–1953)

Dwight D. Eisenhower, President (1953–1961)

John F. Kennedy, President (1961–1963)

Lyndon B. Johnson, President (1963–1969)

Richard Nixon, President (1969–1974)

Gerald Ford, President (1974–1977)

Jimmy Carter, President (1977–1981)

Ronald Reagan, President (1981–1989)

George H. W. Bush, President (1989–1993)

Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)

Americas: South

Argentina (complete list) –

Julio Argentino Roca, President (1898–1904)

Manuel Quintana, President (1904–1906)

José Figueroa Alcorta, President (1906–1910)

Roque Sáenz Peña, President (1910–1914)

Victorino de la Plaza, President (1914–1916)

Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1916–1922)

Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President (1922–1928)

Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1928–1930)

José Félix Uriburu, President (1930–1932)

Agustín Pedro Justo, President (1932–1938)

Roberto María Ortiz, President (1938–1942)

Ramón Castillo, President (1942–1943)

Arturo Rawson, de facto President (1943)

Pedro Pablo Ramírez, de facto President (1943–1944)

Edelmiro Julián Farrell, de facto President (1944–1946)

Juan Perón, de facto President (1946–1955)

Eduardo Lonardi, de facto President (1955)

Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, de facto President (1955–1958)

Arturo Frondizi, President (1958–1962)

José María Guido, President (1962–1963)

Arturo Umberto Illia, President (1963–1966)

Military Junta, (1966)

Juan Carlos Onganía, de facto President (1966–1970)

Military Junta, (1970)

Roberto M. Levingston, de facto President (1970–1971)

Alejandro A. Lanusse, de facto President (1971–1973)

Héctor José Cámpora, President (1973)

Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Interim President (1973)

Juan Perón, President (1973–1974)

Isabel Martínez de Perón, President (1974–1976)

Jorge Rafael Videla, President of the Military Junta (1976–1981)

Roberto Eduardo Viola, President of the Military Junta (1981)

Horacio Tomás Liendo, Acting President (1981)

Carlos Alberto Lacoste, Interim President (1981)

Leopoldo Galtieri, President of the Military Junta (1981–1982)

Alfredo Oscar Saint-Jean, Interim President (1982)

Reynaldo Bignone, de facto President (1982–1983)

Raúl Alfonsín, President (1983–1989)

Carlos Menem, President (1989–1999)

Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001)

Bolivia (complete list) –

José Manuel Pando, President (1899–1904)

Ismael Montes, President (1904–1909)

Eliodoro Villazón, President (1909–1913)

Ismael Montes, President (1913–1917)

José Gutiérrez Guerra, President (1917–1920)

Government Junta, Members: Bautista Saavedra, José María Escalier, José Manuel Ramírez (1920–1921)

Bautista Saavedra, President (1921–1925)

Felipe S. Guzmán, Provisional President (1925–1926)

Hernando Siles Reyes, President (1926–1930)

Council of Ministers, Members: Alberto Díez de Medina, Germán Antelo Arauz, Franklin Mercado, David Toro, José Aguirre Achá, Fidel Vega, Carlos Banzer, Ezequiel Romecín Calderón (1930)

Carlos Blanco Galindo, Chairman of the Military Government Junta (1930–1931)

Daniel Salamanca Urey, President (1931–1934)

José Luis Tejada Sorzano, President (1934–1936)

Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936)

David Toro, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936–1937)

Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1937–1938), President (1938–1939)

Carlos Quintanilla, Provisional President (1939–1940)

Enrique Peñaranda, President (1940–1943)

Gualberto Villarroel, Chairman of the Government Junta (1943–1944), President (1944–1946)

Néstor Guillén, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946)

Tomás Monje, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946–1947)

Enrique Hertzog, President (1947–1949)

Mamerto Urriolagoitía, President (1949–1951)

Hugo Ballivián, Chairman of the Military Junta (1951–1952)

Hernán Siles Zuazo, Provisional President (1952)

Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1952–1956)

Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1956–1960)

Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1960–1964)

René Barrientos, Chairman of the Military Junta (1964–1965)

René Barrientos and Alfredo Ovando Candía, Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta (1965–1966)

Alfredo Ovando Candía, Chairman of the Military Junta (1966)

René Barrientos, President (1966–1969)

Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, President (1969)

Alfredo Ovando Candía, President (1969–1970)

Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970, Members: Efraín Guachalla Ibáñez, Fernando Sattori Ribera, Alberto Albarracín Crespo (1970)

Juan José Torres, President (1970–1971)

Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971, Members: Andrés Selich Chop (Chairmen), Hugo Banzer, Jaime Florentino Mendieta (1971)

Hugo Banzer, President (1971–1978)

Víctor González Fuentes, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978)

Juan Pereda, President (1978)

David Padilla, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978–1979)

Wálter Guevara, Acting President (1979)

Alberto Natusch, President (1979)

Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Acting President (1979–1980)

Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980, Members: Luis García Meza Tejada, Waldo Bernal Pereira, Ramiro Terrazas Rodríguez (1980)

Luis García Meza Tejada, President (1980–1981)

Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1981, Members: Waldo Bernal Pereira, Celso Torrelio, Óscar Jaime Pammo (1981)

Celso Torrelio, President (1981–1982)

Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1982, Members: Natalio Morales Mosquera, Óscar Jaime Pammo, Ángel Mariscal Gómez (1982)

Guido Vildoso, President (1982)

Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1982–1985)

Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1985–1989)

Jaime Paz Zamora, President (1989–1993)

Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President (1993–1997)

Hugo Banzer, President (1997–2001)

First Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

Campos Sales, President (1898–1902)

Rodrigues Alves, President (1902–1906)

Afonso Pena, President (1906–1909)

Nilo Peçanha, President (1909–1910)

Hermes da Fonseca, President (1910–1914)

Venceslau Brás, President (1914–1918)

Delfim Moreira, President (1918–1919)

Epitácio Pessoa, President (1919–1922)

Arthur Bernardes, President (1922–1926)

Washington Luís, President (1926–1930)

Vargas Era Brazil (complete list) –

Military Junta: Augusto Fragoso, Isaías de Noronha, Mena Barreto, President (1930)

Getúlio Vargas, President (1930–1945)

José Linhares, President (1945–1946)

Second Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President (1946–1951)

Getúlio Vargas, President (1951–1954)

Café Filho, President (1954–1955)

Carlos Luz, President (1955)

Nereu Ramos, President (1955–1956)

Juscelino Kubitschek, President (1956–1961)

Jânio Quadros, President (1961)

Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1961)

João Goulart, President (1961–1964)

Brazilian military regime (complete list) –

Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1964)

Humberto Castello Branco, President (1964–1967)

Artur da Costa e Silva, President (1967–1969)

Military Junta: Augusto Rademaker, Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Márcio Melo, President (1969)

Emílio Garrastazu Médici, President (1969–1974)

Ernesto Geisel, President (1974–1979)

João Figueiredo, President (1979–1985)

Federative Republic of Brazil (complete list) –

Tancredo Neves, President (1985)

José Sarney, President (1985–1990)

Fernando Collor de Mello, President (1990–1992)

Itamar Franco, President (1992–1994)

Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President (1995–2002)

Chile (complete list) –

Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President (1896–1901)

Germán Riesco, President (1901–1906)

Pedro Montt, President (1906–1910)

Ramón Barros Luco, President (1910–1915)

Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President (1915–1920)

Arturo Alessandri, President (1920–1924)

Luis Altamirano, President of Government Junta (1924–1925)

Pedro Dartnell, Provisional President (1925)

Emilio Bello Codesido, President of Government Junta (1925)

Arturo Alessandri, President (1925)

Emiliano Figueroa, President (1925–1927)

Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1927–1931)

Juan Esteban Montero, President (1931–1932)

Arturo Puga, President of Government Junta (1932)

Carlos Dávila, Provisional President (1932)

Bartolomé Blanche, Provisional President (1932)

Abraham Oyanedel, Acting President (1932)

Arturo Alessandri, President (1932–1938)

Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President (1938–1941)

Juan Antonio Ríos, President (1942–1946)

Gabriel González Videla, President (1946–1952)

Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1952–1958)

Jorge Alessandri, President (1958–1964)

Eduardo Frei Montalva, President (1964–1970)

Salvador Allende, President (1970–1973)

Augusto Pinochet, President of Government Junta (1973–1981)

Augusto Pinochet, President (1981–1990)

Patricio Aylwin, President (1990–1994)

Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President (1994–2000)

Ricardo Lagos, President (2000–2006)

Republic of Colombia (complete list) –

José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte, President (1900–1904)

Rafael Reyes Prieto, President (1904–1909)

Ramón González Valencia, President (1909–1910)

Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo, President (1910–1914)

José Vicente Concha Ferreira, President (1914–1918)

Marco Fidel Suárez, President (1918–1921)

Jorge Holguín, President (1921–1922)

Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, President (1922–1926)

Miguel Abadía Méndez, President (1926–1930)

Enrique Olaya Herrera, President (1930–1934)

Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1934–1938)

Eduardo Santos Montejo, President (1938–1942)

Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1942–1946)

Mariano Ospina Pérez, President (1946–1950)

Laureano Gómez Castro, President (1950–1953)

Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President (1953–1957)

Military Junta (1957–1958)

Alberto Lleras Camargo, President (1958–1962)

Guillermo León Valencia, President (1962–1966)

Carlos Lleras Restrepo, President (1966–1970)

Misael Pastrana Borrero, President (1970–1974)

Alfonso López Michelsen, President (1974–1978)

Julio César Turbay Ayala, President (1978–1982)

Belisario Betancur Cuartas, President (1982–1986)

Virgilio Barco Vargas, President (1986–1990)

César Gaviria Trujillo, President (1990–1994)

Ernesto Samper Pizano, President (1994–1998)

Andrés Pastrana Arango, President (1998–2002)

Ecuador (complete list) –

Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1895–1896), Interim President (1896–1897), President (1897–1901)

Leónidas Plaza, President (1901–1905)

Lizardo García, President (1905–1906)

Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1906), Interim President (1906–1907), President (1907–1911)

Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911)

Emilio Estrada, President (1911)

Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911–1912)

Francisco Andrade Marín, Acting President (1912)

Alfredo Baquerizo, Acting President (1912)

Leónidas Plaza, President (1912–1916)

Alfredo Baquerizo, President (1916–1920)

José Luis Tamayo, President (1920–1924)

Gonzalo Córdova, President (1924–1925)

Provisional Government (1925–1926)

Isidro Ayora, Interim President (1926–1929), President (1929–1931)

Luis Larrea Alba, Minister of Government (1931)

Alfredo Baquerizo, President of the Senate (1931–1932)

Carlos Freile Larrea, Minister of Government (1932)

Alberto Guerrero Martínez, President of the Senate (1932)

Juan de Dios Martínez, President (1932–1933)

Abelardo Montalvo, Acting President (1933–1934)

José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1934–1935)

Antonio Pons, Acting President (1935)

Federico Páez, Jéfe Supremo (1935–1937)

Alberto Enríquez Gallo, Jéfe Supremo (1937–1938)

Manuel María Borrero, Interim President (1938)

Aurelio Mosquera, President (1938–1939)

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, Acting President (1939)

Andrés Córdova, Acting President (1939–1940)

Julio Enrique Moreno, Acting President (1940)

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, President (1940–1944)

Julio Teodoro Salem, Acting President (1944)

José María Velasco Ibarra, President of the Republic (1944), Constitutional President (1944–1946), President of the Republic (1946), Constitutional President (1946–1947)

Carlos Mancheno Cajas, Jéfe Supremo (1947)

Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, President (1947)

C.J. Arosemena Tola, President (1947–1948)

Galo Plaza, President (1948–1952)

José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1952–1956)

Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President (1956–1960)

José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1960–1961)

C.J. Arosemena Monroy, President (1961–1963)

Military Junta, Members: Ramón Castro Jijón, Luis Cabrera Sevilla, Guillermo Freile Posso, Marcos Gándara (1963–1966)

Clemente Yerovi, Acting President (1966)

Otto Arosemena, Interim President (1966–1967), Constitutional President (1967–1968)

José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1968–1970), Jéfe Supremo (1970–1972)

Guillermo Rodríguez Lara, de facto President (1972–1976)

Supreme Government Council, Alfredo Poveda, Guillermo Durán, Luis Leoro Franco (1976–1979)

Jaime Roldós Aguilera, President (1979–1981)

Osvaldo Hurtado, President (1981–1984)

León Febres Cordero, President (1984–1988)

Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President (1988–1992)

Sixto Durán Ballén, President (1992–1996)

Abdalá Bucaram, President (1996–1997)

Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997)

Rosalía Arteaga, Acting President (1997)

Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997–1998)

Jamil Mahuad, President (1998–2000)

Gustavo Noboa, President (2000–2003)

Commonwealth realm of Guyana

Monarch (complete list) –

Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–1970)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980)

Co-operative Republic of Guyana

Presidents (complete list) –

Edward Luckhoo, Acting President (1970)

Arthur Chung, President (1970–1980)

Forbes Burnham, President (1980–1985)

Desmond Hoyte, President (1985–1992)

Cheddi Jagan, President (1992–1997)

Sam Hinds, President (1997)

Janet Jagan, President (1997–1999)

Bharrat Jagdeo, President (1999–2011)

Donald Ramotar, President (2011–2015)

David A. Granger, President (2015–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980)

Ptolemy Reid, Prime minister (1980–1984)

Desmond Hoyte, Prime minister (1984–1985)

Hamilton Green, Prime minister (1985–1992)

Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1992–1997)

Janet Jagan, Prime minister (1997)

Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime minister (1999)

Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1999–2015)

Paraguay (complete list) –

Emilio Aceval, President (1898–1902)

Andrés Héctor Carvallo, President (1902)

Juan Antonio Escurra, President (1902–1904)

Juan Bautista Gaona, President (1904–1905)

Cecilio Báez, President (1905–1906)

Benigno Ferreira, President (1906–1908)

Emiliano González Navero, President (1908–1910)

Manuel Gondra, President (1910–1911)

Albino Jara, President (1911)

Liberato Marcial Rojas, President (1911–1912)

Pedro Peña, President (1912)

Emiliano González Navero, President (1912)

Eduardo Schaerer, President (1912–1916)

Manuel Franco, President (1916–1919)

José Pedro Montero, President (1919–1920)

Manuel Gondra, President (1920–1921)

Eusebio Ayala, President (1921–1923)

Eligio Ayala, President (1923–1924)

Luis Alberto Riart, President (1924)

Eligio Ayala, President (1924–1928)

José Guggiari, President (1928–1932)

Eusebio Ayala, President (1932–1936)

Rafael Franco, President (1936–1937)

Félix Paiva, President (1937–1939)

José Estigarribia, President (1939–1940)

Higinio Moríñigo, President (1940–1948)

Juan Manuel Frutos, President (1948)

Juan González, President (1948–1949)

Raimundo Rolón, President (1949)

Felipe Molas, President (1949)

Federico Chávez, President (1949–1954)

Tomás Romero, President (1954)

Alfredo Stroessner, President (1954–1989)

Andrés Rodríguez, President (1989–1993)

Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President (1993–1998)

Raúl Cubas, President (1998–1999)

Luis González, President (1999–2003)

Peru (complete list) –

Eduardo López de Romaña, Constitutional President (1899–1903)

Manuel Candamo, Constitutional President (1903–1904)

Serapio Calderón, President of the Government Junta (1904)

José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1904–1908)

Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1908–1912)

Guillermo Billinghurst, Constitutional President (1912–1914)

Óscar R. Benavides, Interim President (1914–1915)

José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1915–1919)

Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1919–1930)

Manuel María Ponce Brousset, Interim President (1930)

Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1930–1931)

Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)

Gustavo Jiménez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)

David Samanez Ocampo, President of the Southern Junta (1931)

Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, Constitutional President (1931–1933)

Óscar Benavides, Constitutional President (1933–1939)

Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1939–1945)

José Bustamante y Rivero, Constitutional President (1945–1948)

Manuel A. Odría, President (1948–1950)

Zenón Noriega Agüero, President (1950)

Manuel A. Odría, Constitutional President (1950–1956)

Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1956–1962)

Ricardo Pérez Godoy, President of the Military Junta (1962–1963)

Nicolás Lindley López, President of the Military Junta (1963)

Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1963–1968)

Juan Velasco Alvarado, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1968–1975)

Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1975–1980)

Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1980–1985)

Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (1985–1990)

Alberto Fujimori, Constitutional President (1990–1992), de facto President (1992–1995), Constitutional President (1995–2000)

Valentín Paniagua, President of Transition Government (2000–2001)

Republic of Suriname

Presidents (complete list) –

Johan Ferrier, President (1975–1980)

Hendrick Chin A Sen, President (1980–1982)

Fred Ramdat Misier, President (1982–1988)

Ramsewak Shankar, President (1988–1990)

Ivan Graanoogst , Acting President (1990)

Johan Kraag, President (1990–1991)

Ronald Venetiaan, President (1991–1996)

Jules Wijdenbosch, President (1996–2000)

Ronald Venetiaan, President (2000–2010)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Henck Arron, Prime minister (1975–1980)

Hendrick Chin A Sen, Prime minister (1980–1982)

Henry Roëll Neijhorst, Prime minister (1982)

Liakat Ali Errol Alibux, Prime minister (1983–1984)

Willem Alfred Udenhout, Prime minister (1984–1986)

Pretaap Radhakishun, Prime minister (1986–1987)

Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime minister (1987–1988)

Uruguay (complete list) –

Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President (1899–1903)

José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1903–1907)

Claudio Williman, President (1907–1911)

José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1911–1915)

Feliciano Viera, President (1915–1919)

Baltasar Brum, President (1919–1923)

José Serrato, President (1923–1927)

Juan Campisteguy, President (1927–1931)

Gabriel Terra, President (1931–1939)

Alfredo Baldomir, President (1939–1943)

Juan José de Amézaga, President (1943–1947)

Tomás Berreta, President (1947)

Luis Batlle Berres, President (1947–1951)

Andrés Martínez Trueba, President (1951–1955)

Luis Batlle Berres, President (National Council of Government) (1955–1956)

Alberto Fermín Zubiría, President (National Council of Government) (1956–1957)

Arturo Lezama , President (National Council of Government) (1957–1958)

Carlos Fischer, President (National Council of Government) (1958–1959)

Martín Echegoyen, President (National Council of Government) (1959–1960)

Benito Nardone, President (National Council of Government) (1960–1961)

Eduardo Víctor Haedo, President (National Council of Government) (1961–1962)

Faustino Harrison, President (National Council of Government) (1962–1963)

Daniel Fernández Crespo, President (National Council of Government) (1963–1964)

Luis Giannattasio, President (National Council of Government) (1964–1965)

Washington Beltrán, President (National Council of Government) (1965–1966)

Alberto Héber Usher, President (National Council of Government) (1966–1967)

Óscar Diego Gestido, President (1967)

Jorge Pacheco Areco, President (1967–1972)

Juan María Bordaberry, President (1972–1976)

Alberto Demicheli, Acting President (1976)

Aparicio Méndez, Acting President (1976–1981)

Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, Acting President (1981–1985)

Rafael Addiego Bruno, Acting President (1985)

Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1985–1990)

Luis Alberto Lacalle, President (1990–1995)

Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1995–2000)

Jorge Batlle, President (2000–2005)

Venezuela (complete list) –

Cipriano Castro, President (1899–1908)

Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1908–1913)

José Gil Fortoul, Interim President (1913–1914)

Victorino Márquez Bustillos, President (1914–1922)

Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1922–1929)

Juan Bautista Pérez, President (1929–1931)

Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1931–1935)

Eleazar López Contreras, President (1935–1941)

Isaías Medina Angarita, President (1941–1945)

Rómulo Betancourt, President (1945–1948)

Rómulo Gallegos, President (1948)

Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President (1948–1950)

Germán Suárez Flamerich, Interim President (1950–1952)

Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Provisional President (1952–1953), President (1953–1958)

Wolfgang Larrazábal, President (1958)

Edgar Sanabria, Interim President (1958–1959)

Rómulo Betancourt, President (1959–1964)

Raúl Leoni, President (1964–1969)

Rafael Caldera, President (1969–1974)

Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1974–1979)

Luis Herrera Campins, President (1979–1984)

Jaime Lusinchi, President (1984–1989)

Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1989–1993)

Octavio Lepage, Acting President (1993)

Ramón José Velásquez, Interim President (1993–1994)

Rafael Caldera, President (1994–1999)

Hugo Chávez, President (1999–2002, 2002–2013)

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

Presidents (complete list) –

Nursultan Nazarbayev, President (1991–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime minister (1991–1994)

Akezhan Kazhegeldin, Prime minister (1994–1997)

Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime minister (1999–2002)

Kyrgyzstan

Presidents (complete list) –

Askar Akayev, President (1990–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Nasirdin Isanov, Prime minister (1991)

Andrei Iordan, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992)

Tursunbek Chyngyshev, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Almanbet Matubraimov, Acting Prime minister (1993)

Apas Jumagulov, Prime minister (1993–1998)

Kubanychbek Jumaliyev, Acting Prime minister (1998)

Boris Silayev, Acting Prime minister (1998)

Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Boris Silayev, Acting Prime minister (1999)

Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Tajikistan

Presidents (complete list) –

Qadriddin Aslonov, Acting President (1991)

Rahmon Nabiyev, President (1991)

Akbarsho Iskandrov, Acting President (1991)

Rahmon Nabiyev, President (1991–1992)

Akbarsho Iskandrov, Acting President (1992)

Emomali Rahmon, Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (1992–1994), President (1994–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Akbar Mirzoyev, Prime minister (1992)

Abdumalik Abdullajanov, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Abdujalil Samadov, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Jamshed Karimov, Prime minister (1994–1996)

Yahyo Azimov, Prime minister (1996–1999)

Oqil Oqilov, Prime minister (1999–2013)

Turkmenistan

President (complete list) –

Saparmurat Niyazov, President (1990–2006)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Han Ahmedow, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Uzbekistan

Presidents (complete list) –

Islam Karimov, President (1991–2016)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdulhashim Mutalov, Prime minister (1992–1995)

Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime minister (1995–2003)

Asia: East

Republic of China (1912–1915)

Presidents (complete list) –

Sun Yat-sen, Provisional President (1912)

Yuan Shikai, President (1912–1915)

Premiers (complete list) –

Tang Shaoyi, Premier (1912)

Lou Tseng-Tsiang, Premier (1912)

Zhao Bingjun, Premier (1912–1913)

Duan Qirui, Acting Premier (1913)

Xiong Xiling, Premier (1913–1914)

Sun Baoqi, Acting Premier (1914)

Xu Shichang, Premier: Secretary of State (1914–1915)

Empire of China (1915–1916)

Emperor (complete list) –

Yuan Shikai, Emperor (1915–1916)

Premiers (complete list) –

Lou Tseng-Tsiang, Premier (1915–1916)

Republic of China (1916–1949)

Presidents (complete list) –

Yuan Shikai, President (1916)

Li Yuanhong, President (1916–1917)

Feng Guozhang, President (1917–1918)

Xu Shichang, President (1918–1922)

Zhou Ziqi, Acting President (1922–1922)

Li Yuanhong, President (1922–1923)

Gao Lingwei, Acting President (1923)

Cao Kun, President (1923–1924)

Huang Fu, Acting President (1924)

Duan Qirui, President (1924–1926)

Hu Weide, Acting President (1926)

Yan Huiqing, Acting President (1926)

Du Xigui, Acting President (1926)

Wellington Koo, Acting President (1926–1927)

Zhang Zuolin, Generalissimo of the Military Government (1927–1928)

Tan Yankai, President (1928)

Chiang Kai-shek, Chairmen (1928–1931)

Lin Sen, Chairmen (1931–1943)

Chiang Kai-shek, Chairmen (1943–1948), President (1948–1949)

Premiers (complete list) –

Xu Shichang, Premier: Secretary of State (1916)

Duan Qirui, Premier (1916–1917)

Wang Daxie, Acting Premier (1917)

Wang Shizhen, Acting Premier (1917–1918)

Qian Nengxun, Acting Premier (1918–1919)

Gong Xinzhan, Acting Premier (1919)

Jin Yunpeng, Premier (1919–1920)

Sa Zhenbing, Premier (1920)

Jin Yunpeng, Premier (1920–1921)

Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1921)

Liang Shiyi, Premier (1921–1922)

Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1922)

Zhou Ziqi, Acting Premier (1922)

Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1922)

Wang Chonghui, Acting Premier (1922)

Wang Daxie, Acting Premier (1922)

Wang Zhengting, Acting Premier (1922–1923)

Zhang Shaozeng, Premier (1923)

Gao Lingwei, Premier (1923–1924)

Sun Baoqi, Premier (1924)

Wellington Koo, Acting Premier (1924)

Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1924)

Huang Fu, Acting Premier (1924)

Xu Shiying, Premier (1925–1926)

Jia Deyao, Acting Premier (1926)

Hu Weide, Acting Premier (1926)

Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1926)

Du Xigui, Acting Premier (1926)

Wellington Koo, Acting Premier (1926–1927)

Pan Fu, Premier (1927–1928)

Tan Yankai, Premier (1928–1930)

T. V. Soong, Premier (1930)

Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1930–1931)

Chen Mingshu, Premier (1931–1932)

Sun Fo, Premier (1932–1932)

Wang Jingwei, Premier (1932–1935)

Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1935–1938)

H. H. Kung, Premier (1938–1939)

Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1939–1945)

T. V. Soong, Premier (1945–1947)

Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1947)

Chang Ch'ün, Premier (1947–1948)

Weng Wenhao, Premier (1948)

Sun Fo, Premier (1948–1949)

He Yingqin, Premier (1949)

Republic of China: Taiwan

Presidents (complete list) –

Li Zongren, Acting President (1949–1950)

Yan Xishan, Acting President (1949–1950)

Chiang Kai-shek, President (1950–1975)

Yen Chia-kan, President (1975–1978)

Chiang Ching-kuo, President (1978–1988)

Lee Teng-hui, President (1988–2000)

Chen Shui-bian, President (2000–2008)

Premiers (complete list) –

Yan Xishan, Premier (1949–1950)

Chen Cheng, Premier (1950–1954)

Yu Hung-Chun, Premier (1954–1958)

Chen Cheng, Premier (1958–1963)

Wang Yun-wu, Acting Premier (1963)

Chen Cheng, Premier (1963)

Yen Chia-kan, Premier (1963–1972)

Chiang Ching-kuo, Premier (1972–1978)

Hsu Ching-chung, Acting Premier (1978)

Sun Yun-suan, Premier (1978–1984)

Yu Kuo-hwa, Premier (1984–1989)

Lee Huan, Premier (1989–1990)

Hau Pei-tsun, Premier (1990–1993)

Lien Chan, Premier (1993–1997)

Vincent Siew, Premier (1997–2000)

Tang Fei, Premier (2000)

Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2000–2002)

People's Republic of China

Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) –

Mao Zedong, Chairman (1945–1976), paramount leader (1949–1976)

Hua Guofeng, Chairman (1976–1981), paramount leader (1976–1978)

Deng Xiaoping, paramount leader (1978–1989)

Hu Yaobang, Chairman (1981–1982), General Secretary (1982–1987)

Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary (1987–1989)

Jiang Zemin, General Secretary (1989–2002), paramount leader (1989–2002)

Hu Jintao, General Secretary (2002–2012), paramount leader (2002–2012)

Xi Jinping, General Secretary (2012–present), paramount leader (2012–present)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Mao Zedong, Chairman (1949–1959)

Liu Shaoqi, President (1959–1968)

Soong Ching-ling, Acting President (1968–1972)

Dong Biwu, Acting President (1968–1975)

Zhu De, NPC Standing Committee Chairman (1975–1976)

Soong Ching-ling, Acting NPC Standing Committee Chairwoman (1976–1978)

Ye Jianying, NPC Standing Committee Chairman (1978–1983)

Li Xiannian, President (1983–1988)

Yang Shangkun, President (1988–1993)

Jiang Zemin, President (1993–2003)

Premiers (complete list) –

Zhou Enlai, Premier (1949–1976)

Hua Guofeng, Premier (1976–1980)

Zhao Ziyang, Premier (1980–1988)

Li Peng, Premier (1988–1998)

Zhu Rongji, Premier (1998–2003)

Empire of Japan

Emperors (complete list) –

Meiji, Emperor (1867–1912)

Taishō, Emperor (1912–1926)

Hirohito, Emperor (1926–1989)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Itō Hirobumi, Prime minister (1900–1901)

Saionji Kinmochi, Acting Prime minister (1901–1901)

Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1901–1906)

Saionji Kinmochi, Prime minister (1906–1908)

Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1908–1911)

Saionji Kinmochi, Prime minister (1911–1912)

Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1912–1913)

Yamamoto Gonnohyōe, Prime minister (1913–1914)

Ōkuma Shigenobu, Prime minister (1914–1916)

Terauchi Masatake, Prime minister (1916–1918)

Hara Takashi, Prime minister (1918–1921)

Uchida Kosai, Acting Prime minister (1921–1921)

Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime minister (1921–1922)

Katō Tomosaburō, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Uchida Kosai, Acting Prime minister (1923–1923)

Yamamoto Gonnohyōe, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Kiyoura Keigo, Prime minister (1924–1924)

Katō Takaaki, Prime minister (1924–1926)

Wakatsuki Reijirō, Prime minister (1926–1927)

Tanaka Giichi, Prime minister (1927–1929)

Osachi Hamaguchi, Prime minister (1929–1931)

Kijūrō Shidehara, Acting Prime minister (1931–1931)

Osachi Hamaguchi, Prime minister (1931–1931)

Wakatsuki Reijirō, Prime minister (1931–1931)

Inukai Tsuyoshi, Prime minister (1931–1932)

Takahashi Korekiyo, Acting Prime minister (1932–1932)

Saitō Makoto, Prime minister (1932–1934)

Keisuke Okada, Prime minister (1934–1936)

Fumio Gotō, Acting Prime minister (1936–1936)

Keisuke Okada, Prime minister (1936–1936)

Kōki Hirota, Prime minister (1936–1937)

Senjūrō Hayashi, Prime minister (1937–1937)

Fumimaro Konoe, Prime minister (1937–1939)

Hiranuma Kiichirō, Prime minister (1939–1939)

Nobuyuki Abe, Prime minister (1939–1940)

Mitsumasa Yonai, Prime minister (1940–1940)

Fumimaro Konoe, Prime minister (1940–1941)

Hideki Tojo, Prime minister (1941–1944)

Kuniaki Koiso, Prime minister (1944–1945)

Kantarō Suzuki, Prime minister (1945–1945)

Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, Prime minister (1945–1945)

Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Shigeru Yoshida, Prime minister (1946–1947)

State of Japan

Emperors (complete list) –

Hirohito, Emperor (1926–1989)

Akihito, Emperor (1989–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Tetsu Katayama, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Hitoshi Ashida, Prime minister (1948)

Shigeru Yoshida, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Tanzan Ishibashi, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Nobusuke Kishi, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Hayato Ikeda, Prime minister (1960)

Eisaku Satō, Prime minister (1964–1967)

Kakuei Tanaka, Prime minister (1972)

Takeo Miki, Prime minister (1974–1976)

Takeo Fukuda, Prime minister (1976–1978)

Masayoshi Ōhira, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Masayoshi Ito, Acting Prime minister (1979)

Zenko Suzuki, Prime minister (1980–1982)

Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime minister (1982–1983)

Noboru Takeshita, Prime minister (1987–1989)

Sōsuke Uno, Prime minister (1989)

Toshiki Kaifu, Prime minister (1989–1990)

Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Morihiro Hosokawa, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Tsutomu Hata, Prime minister (1994)

Tomiichi Murayama, Prime minister (1994–1996)

Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime minister (1996)

Keizō Obuchi, Prime minister (1998–2000)

Mikio Aoki, Acting Prime minister (2000)

Yoshirō Mori, Prime minister (2000)

North Korea

Chairman of the Workers' Party (complete list) –

Kim Tu-bong, Chairman (1946–1949)

Kim Il-sung, Chairman (1949–1966), General Secretary (1966–1994)

Kim Jong-il, General Secretary (1997–2011)

Prime Ministers (complete list) –

Kim Il-sung, Prime minister (1949–1972)

Kim Il, Premier (1972–1976)

Pak Song-chol, Premier (1976–1977)

Ri Jong-ok, Premier (1977–1984)

Kang Song-san, Premier (1984–1986)

Ri Kun-mo, Prime minister (1986–1988)

Yon Hyong-muk, Premier (1989–1992)

Kang Song-san, Prime minister (1992–1997)

Hong Song-nam, Prime minister (1997–2003)

South Korea

Presidents (complete list) –

Syngman Rhee, President (1948–1960)

Yun Posun, President (1960–1962)

Park Chung-hee, Acting President (1962–1963), President (1963–1979)

Choi Kyu-hah, President (1979–1980)

Chun Doo-hwan, President (1980–1988)

Roh Tae-woo, President (1988–1993)

Kim Young-sam, President (1993–1998)

Kim Dae-jung, President (1998–2003)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Lee Beom-seok, Prime minister (1948–1950)

Shin Sung-mo, Acting Prime minister (1950)

Chang Myon, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Heo Jeong, Acting Prime minister (1952)

Yi Yun-yong, Acting Prime minister (1952)

Chang Taek-sang, Prime minister (1952)

Paik Too-chin, Acting Prime minister (1952–1953), Prime minister (1953–1954)

Pyon Yong-tae, Prime minister (1954)

Paek Han-song, Acting Prime minister (1954)

Ho Chong, Prime minister (1960)

Chang Myon, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Jang Do-young, Prime minister (1961)

Song Yo-chan, Prime minister (1961–1962)

Park Chung-hee, Prime minister (1962)

Kim Hyun-chul, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Choi Tu-son, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Chung Il-kwon, Prime minister (1964–1970)

Paik Too-chin, Prime minister (1970–1971)

Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister (1971–1975)

Choi Kyu-hah, Acting Prime minister (1975–1976), Prime minister (1976–1979)

Shin Hyun-hwak, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Pak Choong-hoon, Acting Prime minister (1980)

Nam Duck-woo, Prime minister (1980–1982)

Yoo Chang-soon, Prime minister (1982)

Kim Sang-hyup, Prime minister (1982–1983)

Chin Iee-chong, Prime minister (1983–1984)

Shin Byung-hyun, Acting Prime minister (1984–1985)

Lho Shin-yong, Prime minister (1985–1987)

Lee Han-key, Acting Prime minister (1987)

Kim Chung-yul, Prime minister (1987–1988)

Lee Hyun-jae, Prime minister (1988)

Kang Young-hoon, Prime minister (1988–1990)

Ro Jai-bong, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991), Prime minister (1991)

Chung Won-shik, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Hyun Soong-jong, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Hwang In-sung, Prime minister (1993)

Lee Hoi-chang, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Lee Yung-dug, Prime minister (1994)

Lee Hong-koo, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Lee Soo-sung, Prime minister (1995–1997)

Goh Kun, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister (1998–2000)

Park Tae-joon, Prime minister (2000)

Lee Han-dong, Prime minister (2000–2002)

State of Mongolia

Khagans (complete list) –

Bogd Khan, Khagan (1911–1924)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, Prime minister (1919)

Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj, Prime minister (1919–1921)

Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, Prime minister (1921)

Manzushir Khutagt Sambadondogiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1921)

Dogsomyn Bodoo, Prime minister (1921–1922)

Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Balingiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Mongolian People's Republic

Heads of state (complete list) –

Balingiin Tserendorj, Acting Head of state (1924)

Navaandorjiin Jadambaa, Chairman (1924)

Peljidiin Genden, Chairman (1924–1927)

Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren, Chairman (1927–1929)

Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman (1929–1930)

Losolyn Laagan, Chairman (1930–1932)

Anandyn Amar, Chairman (1932–1936)

Dansranbilegiin Dogsom, Chairman (1936–1939)

Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman (1940–1953)

Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa, Acting Chairwoman (1953–1954)

Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman (1954–1972)

Tsagaanlamyn Dügersüren, Acting Chairman (1972)

Sonomyn Luvsan, Acting Chairman (1972–1974)

Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman (1974–1984)

Nyamyn Jagvaral, Acting Chairman (1984)

Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman (1984–1990)

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1990–1992)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Balingiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1924–1928)

Anandyn Amar, Prime minister (1928–1930)

Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, Prime minister (1930–1932)

Peljidiin Genden, Prime minister (1932–1936)

Anandyn Amar, Prime minister (1936–1939)

Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Prime minister (1939–1952)

Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Prime minister (1952–1974)

Jambyn Batmönkh, Prime minister (1974–1984)

Dumaagiin Sodnom, Prime minister (1984–1990)

Sharavyn Gungaadorj, Prime minister (1990)

Dashiin Byambasüren, Prime minister (1990–1992)

Mongolia

Presidents (complete list) –

Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President (1992–1997)

Natsagiin Bagabandi, President (1997–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Puntsagiin Jasrai, Prime minister (1992–1996)

Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, Prime minister (1996–1998)

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister (1998)

Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, Acting Prime minister (1999)

Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime minister (2000–2004)

Asia: South

Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynasty (complete list) –

Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir (1880–1901)

Habibullah Khan, Emir (1901–1919)

Nasrullah Khan, Emir (1919)

Kingdom of Afghanistan

Kings (complete list) –

Amanullah Khan, King (1919–1929)

Inayatullah Khan, King (1929)

Habibullah Kalakani, King (1929)

Mohammed Nadir Shah, King (1929–1933)

Mohammed Zahir Shah, King (1933–1973)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime minister (1929–1946)

Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime minister (1946–1953)

Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime minister (1953–1963)

Mohammad Yusuf, Prime minister (1963–1965)

Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, Prime minister (1965–1967)

Abdullah Yaqta, Prime minister (1967)

Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi, Prime minister (1967–1971)

Sharifi Abdul Zahir, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Mohammad Musa Shafiq, Prime minister (1972–1973)

Republic of Afghanistan (complete list) –

Mohammed Daoud Khan, President (1973–1978)

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

General Secretary of the Central Committee (complete list) –

Nur Muhammad Taraki, General Secretary (1965–1979)

Hafizullah Amin, General Secretary (1979)

Babrak Karmal, General Secretary (1979–1986)

Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary (1986–1992)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Nur Muhammad Taraki, Chairman (1978–1979)

Hafizullah Amin, Chairman (1979)

Babrak Karmal, Chairman (1979–1986)

Haji Mohammad Chamkani, Acting Chairman (1986–1987)

Mohammad Najibullah, Chairman (1987), President (1987–1992)

Abdul Rahim Hatif, Acting President (1992)

Heads of government (complete list) –

Nur Muhammad Taraki, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1978–1979)

Hafizullah Amin, Prime minister (1979)

Babrak Karmal, Prime minister (1979–1981)

Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime minister (1981–1988)

Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Prime minister (1988–1989)

Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime minister (1989–1990)

Fazal Haq Khaliqyar, Prime minister (1990–1992)

Islamic State of Afghanistan

Presidents (complete list) –

Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, Acting President (1992)

Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1992–1996)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani, Prime minister (1992)

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Arsala Rahmani Daulat, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime minister (1996)

Northern Alliance of Afghanistan (complete list) –

Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1996–2001)

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban)

Heads of the Supreme Council (complete list) –

Mohammed Omar, Head of the Supreme Council (1996–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mohammad Rabbani, Prime minister (1996–2001)

Bangladesh

Presidents (complete list) –

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President (1971–1972)

Syed Nazrul Islam, Acting President (1971–1972)

Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, President (1972–1973)

Mohammad Mohammadullah, Acting President (1973–1974), President (1974–1975)

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President (1975)

Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President (1975)

Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, President (1975–1977)

Ziaur Rahman, President (1977–1981)

Abdus Sattar, President (1981–1982)

Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President (1982)

A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, President (1982–1983)

Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President (1983–1990)

Shahabuddin Ahmed, Interim President (1990–1991)

Abdur Rahman Biswas, President (1991–1996)

Shahabuddin Ahmed, President (1996–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Tajuddin Ahmad, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime minister (1972–1975)

Muhammad Mansur Ali, Prime minister (1975)

Mashiur Rahman, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Shah Azizur Rahman, Prime minister (1979–1982)

Ataur Rahman Khan, Prime minister (1984–1986)

Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury, Prime minister (1986–1988)

Moudud Ahmed, Prime minister (1988–1989)

Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime minister (1989–1990)

Khaleda Zia, Prime minister (1991–1996)

Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Prime minister (1996)

Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (1996–2001)

Bhutan

Monarchs (complete list) –

Ugyen Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1907–1926)

Jigme Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1926–1952)

Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1952–1972)

Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1972–2006)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ugyen Dorji, Chief Minister (1907–1916)

Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief minister (1917–1952)

Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime minister (1952–1964)

Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Sangay Ngedup, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2000–2001)

India

Presidents (complete list) –

Rajendra Prasad, President (1950–1962)

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, President (1962–1967)

Zakir Hussain, President (1967–1969)

V. V. Giri, Acting President (1969)

Mohammad Hidayatullah, Acting President (1969)

V. V. Giri, President (1969–1974)

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President (1974–1977)

B. D. Jatti, Acting President (1977)

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President (1977–1982)

Zail Singh, President (1982–1987)

R. Venkataraman, President (1987–1992)

Shankar Dayal Sharma, President (1992–1997)

K. R. Narayanan, President (1997–2002)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime minister (1947–1964)

Gulzarilal Nanda, Acting Prime minister (1964)

Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime minister (1964–1966)

Gulzarilal Nanda, Acting Prime minister (1966)

Indira Gandhi, Prime minister (1966–1977)

Morarji Desai, Prime minister (1977–1979)

Charan Singh, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Indira Gandhi, Prime minister (1980–1984)

Rajiv Gandhi, Prime minister (1984–1989)

V. P. Singh, Prime minister (1989–1990)

Chandra Shekhar, Prime minister (1990–1991)

P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime minister (1991–1996)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1996)

H. D. Deve Gowda, Prime minister (1996–1997)

I. K. Gujral, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1998–2004)

Maldives (complete list) –

Mohamed Amin Didi, President (1952–1953)

Ibrahim Muhammad Didi, Acting President (1953–1954)

Muhammad Fareed Didi, Sultan (1954–1968)

Ibrahim Nasir, President (1968–1978)

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President (1978–2008)

Kingdom of Nepal

Kings (complete list) –

Prithvi, King (1881–1911)

Tribhuvan, King (1911–1950)

Gyanendra, King (1950–1951, 2001–2008)

Tribhuvan, King (1951–1955)

Mahendra, King (1955–1972)

Birendra, King (1972–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1885–1901)

Dev Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1901)

Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1901–1929)

Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1929–1932)

Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1932–1945)

Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1945–1948)

Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1948–1951)

Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1951–1952)

Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1953–1955)

Tanka Prasad Acharya, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Kunwar Inderjit Singh, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Subarna Shamsher Rana, Prime minister (1958–1959)

Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1959–1960)

Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1960–1963)

Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1965–1969)

Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Gehendra Bahadur Rajbhandari, Acting Prime minister (1970–1971)

Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1971–1973)

Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime minister (1973–1975)

Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1975–1977)

Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1977–1979)

Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1979–1983)

Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1983–1986)

Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime minister (1986)

Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime minister (1986–1990)

Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1990)

Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime minister (1990–1991)

Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1991–1994)

Man Mohan Adhikari, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (1995–1997)

Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1997)

Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Pakistan

Presidents (complete list) –

Iskander Mirza, President (1956–1958)

Ayub Khan, President (1958–1969)

Yahya Khan, President (1969–1971)

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President (1971–1973)

Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President (1973–1978)

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President (1978–1988)

Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President (1988–1993)

Wasim Sajjad, Acting President (1993)

Farooq Leghari, President (1993–1997)

Wasim Sajjad, Acting President (1997)

Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President (1997–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime minister (1947–1951)

Khawaja Nazimuddin, Prime minister (1951–1953)

Muhammad Ali Bogra, Prime minister (1953–1955)

Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Prime minister (1955–1956)

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Prime minister (1957)

Feroz Khan Noon, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Nurul Amin, Prime minister (1971)

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime minister (1973–1977)

Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime minister (1985–1988)

Benazir Bhutto, Prime minister (1988–1990)

Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Acting Prime minister (1990)

Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1990–1993)

Balakh Sher Mazari, Acting Prime minister (1993)

Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1993)

Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Acting Prime minister (1993)

Benazir Bhutto, Prime minister (1993–1996)

Malik Meraj Khalid, Acting Prime minister (1996–1997)

Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Sri Lanka

Presidents (complete list) –

William Gopallawa, President (1972–1978)

Junius Richard Jayewardene, President (1978–1989)

Ranasinghe Premadasa, President (1989–1993)

Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, President (1993–1994)

Chandrika Kumaratunga, President (1994–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Don Stephen Senanayake, Prime minister (1947–1952)

Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1952–1953)

John Kotelawala, Prime minister (1953–1956)

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1956–1959)

Wijeyananda Dahanayake, Prime minister (1959–1960)

Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1960)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1960–1965)

Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1965–1970)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1970–1972, 1972–1977)

Junius Richard Jayewardene, Prime minister (1977–1978)

Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime minister (1978–1989)

Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime minister (1989–1993)

Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Chandrika Kumaratunga, Prime minister (1994)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1994–2000)

Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei (complete list) –

Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan (1885–1906)

Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, Sultan (1906–1924)

Ahmad Tajuddin, Sultan (1924–1950)

Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan (1950–1967)

Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan (1967–present)

Kingdom of Cambodia

Kings (complete list) –

Norodom Sihanouk, King (1953–1955)

Norodom Suramarit, King (1955–1960)

Chuop Hell, Acting Head of state (1960)

Sisowath Monireth, Acting Head of state (1960)

Chuop Hell, Acting Head of state (1960)

Norodom Sihanouk, Prince (1960–1970)

Sisowath Kossamak, Queen Mother (1960–1970)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1953)

Chan Nak, Prime minister (1953–1954)

Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Leng Ngeth, Prime minister (1955)

Oum Chheang Sun, Prime minister (1956)

Khim Tit, Prime minister (1956)

Sam Yun, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Sim Var, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Ek Yi Oun, Prime minister (1958)

Pho Proeung, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1961)

Nhiek Tioulong, Prime minister (1962)

Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, Prime minister (1962)

Norodom Kantol, Prime minister (1962–1966)

Lon Nol, Prime minister (1966–1967)

Son Sann, Prime minister (1967–1968)

Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1968–1969)

Lon Nol, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Khmer Republic

Presidents (complete list) –

Cheng Heng, President (1970–1972)

Lon Nol, President (1972–1975)

Peter Khoy Saukam, Acting President (1975)

Sak Sutsakhan, Chairman of the Supreme Committee (1975)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Lon Nol, Prime minister (1970–1971)

Sisowath Sirik Matak, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Son Ngoc Thanh, Prime minister (1972)

Hang Thun Hak, Prime minister (1972–1973)

In Tam, Prime minister (1973)

Long Boret, Prime minister (1973–1975)

Democratic Kampuchea

General Secretary of the Communist Party (complete list) –

Pol Pot, General Secretary (1963–1981)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Norodom Sihanouk, President of the State Presidium (1975–1976)

Khieu Samphan, President of the State Presidium (1976–1979)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1975–1976)

Khieu Samphan, Prime minister (1976)

Nuon Chea, Prime minister (1976)

Pol Pot, Prime minister (1976, 1976–1979)

People's Republic of Kampuchea

General Secretary (complete list) –

Pen Sovan, General Secretary (1979–1981)

Heng Samrin, General Secretary (1981–1991)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1979–1981), Chairman of the State Council (1981–1992)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Pen Sovan, Prime minister (1981)

Chan Sy, Prime minister (1982–1984)

Hun Sen, Prime minister (1985–1989)

State of Cambodia

General Secretary (complete list) –

Heng Samrin, General Secretary (1981–1991)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Heng Samrin, Chairman of the State Council (1981–1992)

Chea Sim, Chairman of the State Council (1992–1993)

Norodom Sihanouk, Head of state (1993)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Hun Sen, Prime Minister (1989–1993), Second Prime Minister (1993)

Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister (1993)

Kingdom of Cambodia

Kings (complete list) –

Norodom Sihanouk, King (1993–2004)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister (1993–1997)

Hun Sen, Second Prime Minister (1993–1998)

Ung Huot, First Prime minister (1997–1998)

Hun Sen, Prime minister (1998–present)

East Timor (complete list) –

Francisco Xavier do Amaral, President (1975)

Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, Acing President (1975–1978)

Indonesia

Presidents (complete list) –

Sukarno, President (1945–1967)

Suharto, Acting President (1967–1968), President (1968–1998)

B. J. Habibie, President (1998–1999)

Abdurrahman Wahid, President (1999–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Sutan Sjahrir, Prime minister (1945–1947)

Amir Sjarifuddin, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Mohammad Hatta, Prime minister (1948–1950)

Halim, Prime minister (1950)

Mohammad Natsir, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Soekiman Wirjosandjojo, Prime minister (1951–1952)

Wilopo, Prime minister (1952–1953)

Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime minister (1953–1955, 1956–1957)

Burhanuddin Harahap, Prime minister (1955–1956)

Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime minister (1957–1959)

Kingdom of Laos (1949–1975)

Monarchs (complete list) –

Sisavang Vong, King (1946–1959)

Sisavang Vatthana, King (1959–1975)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Phetsarath Ratanavongsa, Prime minister (1945)

Phaya Khammao, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Kindavong, Prime minister (1946–1947)

Souvannarath, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Boun Oum, Prime minister (1948–1950)

Phoui Sananikone, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Savang Vatthana, Prime minister (1951)

Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1951–1954)

Katay Don Sasorith, Prime minister (1954–1956)

Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1956–1958)

Phoui Sananikone, Prime minister (1958–1959)

Sounthone Pathammavong, Prime minister (1959–1960)

Kou Abhay, Prime minister (1960)

Somsanith Vongkotrattana, Prime minister (1960)

Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1960)

Boun Oum, Prime minister (1960–1962)

Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1962–1975)

Lao People's Democratic Republic (1975–)

General Secretaries (complete list) –

Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary (1955–1991), Chairman (1991–1992)

Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman (1992–2006)

Presidents (complete list) –

Souphanouvong, President (1975–1991)

Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President (1986–1991)

Kaysone Phomvihane, President (1991–1992)

Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President (1992–1998)

Khamtai Siphandon, President (1998–2006)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Kaysone Phomvihane, Prime minister (1975–1991)

Khamtai Siphandon, Prime minister (1991–1998)

Sisavath Keobounphanh, Prime minister (1998–2001)

Malaysia

Elected monarchs (complete list) –

Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1957–1960)

Hisamuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1960)

Putra of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1960–1965)

Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1965–1970)

Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1970–1975)

Yahya Petra of Kelantan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1975–1979)

Ahmad Shah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1979–1984)

Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1984–1989)

Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1989–1994)

Jaafar of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1994–1999)

Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime minister (1957–1970)

Abdul Razak Hussein, Prime minister (1970–1976)

Hussein Onn, Prime minister (1976–1981)

Mahathir Mohamad, Prime minister (1981–2003)

Union of Burma

Presidents (complete list) –

Sao Shwe Thaik, President (1948–1952)

Ba U, President (1952–1957)

Win Maung, President (1957–1962)

Ne Win, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1962–1974)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

U Nu, Prime minister (1948–1956)

Ba Swe, Prime minister (1956–1957)

U Nu, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Ne Win, Prime minister (1958–1960)

U Nu, Prime minister (1960–1962)

Ne Win, Prime minister (1962–1974)

Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

Party Chairman (complete list) –

Ne Win, Chairman (1962–1988)

Sein Lwin, Chairman (1988)

Maung Maung, Chairman (1988)

Presidents (complete list) –

Ne Win, President (1974–1981)

San Yu, President (1981–1988)

Sein Lwin, President (1988)

Aye Ko, Acting President (1988)

Maung Maung, Acting President (1988)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Sein Win, Prime minister (1974–1977)

Maung Maung Kha, Prime minister (1977–1988)

Tun Tin, Prime minister (1988)

Union of Burma/Myanmar

Heads of state (complete list) –

Saw Maung, Chairmen (1988–1992)

Than Shwe, Chairmen (1992–2011)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Saw Maung, Prime minister (1988–1992)

Than Shwe, Prime minister (1992–2003)

First Philippine Republic

Presidents (complete list) –

Emilio Aguinaldo, President (1899–1901)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Apolinario Mabini, Prime minister (1899)

Pedro A. Paterno, Prime minister (1899)

Philippines

Presidents (complete list) –

Commonwealth of the Philippines

Manuel L. Quezon, President (1935–1944)

Sergio Osmeña, President (1944–1946)

Second Philippine Republic: Japanese puppet state

José P. Laurel, President (1943–1945)

Third Philippine Republic

Manuel Roxas, President (1946–1948)

Elpidio Quirino, President (1948–1953)

Ramon Magsaysay, President (1953–1957)

Carlos P. Garcia, President (1957–1961)

Diosdado Macapagal, President (1961–1965)

Fourth Philippine Republic

Ferdinand Marcos, President (1965–1986)

Fifth Philippine Republic

Corazon Aquino, President (1986–1992)

Fidel Ramos, President (1992–1998)

Joseph Estrada, President (1998–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Commonwealth of the Philippines

Jorge B. Vargas, Presiding Officer of Executive Commission, de facto head of government (1942–1943)

Fourth Philippine Republic

Ferdinand Marcos, Prime minister (1978–1981)

Cesar Virata, Prime minister (1981–1986)

Salvador Laurel, Prime minister (1986)

Singapore

Presidents (complete list) –

Yusof Ishak, President (1965–1970)

Benjamin Sheares, President (1970–1981)

Devan Nair, President (1981–1985)

Wee Kim Wee, President (1985–1993)

Ong Teng Cheong, President (1993–1999)

S. R. Nathan, President (1999–2011)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Lee Kuan Yew, Prime minister (1959–1990)

Goh Chok Tong, Prime minister (1990–2004)

Thailand: Rattanakosin Kingdom

Monarchs (complete list) –

Chulalongkorn, King (1868–1910)

Vajiravudh, King (1910–1925)

Prajadhipok, King (1925–1935)

Ananda Mahidol, King (1935–1946)

Bhumibol Adulyadej, King (1946–2016)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, Prime minister (1932–1933)

Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena, Prime minister (1933–1938)

Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime minister (1938–1944)

Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1944–1945)

Tawee Boonyaket, Prime minister (1945)

Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1946)

Pridi Banomyong, Prime minister (1946)

Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, Prime minister (1946–1947)

Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime minister (1948–1957)

Pote Sarasin, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime minister (1958)

Sarit Thanarat, Prime minister (1957, 1958–1963)

Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime minister (1963–1973)

Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime minister (1973–1975)

Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1975)

Kukrit Pramoj, Prime minister (1975–1976)

Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1976)

Thanin Kraivichien, Prime minister (1976–1977)

Kriangsak Chamanan, Prime minister (1977–1980)

Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime minister (1980–1988)

Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime minister (1988–1991)

Anand Panyarachun, Prime minister (1991–1992)

Suchinda Kraprayoon, Prime minister (1992)

Meechai Ruchuphan, Acting Prime minister (1992)

Anand Panyarachun, Prime minister (1992)

Chuan Leekpai, Prime minister (1992–1995)

Banharn Silpa-archa, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Chuan Leekpai, Prime minister (1997–2001)

Vietnam

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)

Presidents (complete list) –

Ho Chi Minh, President (1945–1969)

Tôn Đức Thắng, President (1969–1976)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ho Chi Minh, Prime minister (1945–1955)

Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime minister (1955–1976)

State of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1949–1955)

General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1941–1956)

Presidents (complete list) –

Bảo Đại, President (1949–1955)

Ngo Dinh Diem, Acting President (1955)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Bảo Đại, Prime minister (1949–1950)

Nguyễn Phan Long, Prime minister (1950)

Trần Văn Hữu, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Prime minister (1952–1953)

Bửu Lộc, Prime minister (1954)

Phan Huy Quát, Prime minister (1954)

Ngo Dinh Diem, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)

General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1941–1956)

Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary (1956–1960)

Lê Duẩn, General Secretary (1960–1986)

Presidents (complete list) –

Ngo Dinh Diem, President (1955–1963)

Dương Văn Minh, President (1963–1964)

Nguyễn Khánh, President (1964)

Dương Văn Minh, President (1964)

Nguyễn Khánh, President (1964)

Dương Văn Minh, President (1964)

Phan Khắc Sửu, President (1964–1965)

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President (1965–1975)

Trần Văn Hương, Acting President (1975)

Dương Văn Minh, Acting President (1975)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Nguyễn Khánh, Prime minister (1964)

Nguyễn Xuân Oánh, Acting Prime minister (1964)

Nguyễn Khánh, Prime minister (1964)

Trần Văn Hương, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Nguyễn Xuân Oánh, Acting Prime minister (1965)

Phan Huy Quát, Prime minister (1965)

Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, Prime minister (1965–1967)

Nguyễn Văn Lộc, Prime minister (1967–1968)

Trần Văn Hương, Prime minister (1968–1969)

Trần Thiện Khiêm, Prime minister (1969–1975)

Nguyễn Bá Cẩn, Prime minister (1975)

Vũ Văn Mẫu, Prime minister (1975)

Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Chairman of the Consultative Council (1969–1976)

Heads of government (complete list) –

Huỳnh Tấn Phát, Prime minister (1975–1976)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–)

General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

Lê Duẩn, General Secretary (1960–1986)

Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1986)

Nguyễn Văn Linh, General Secretary (1986–1991)

Đỗ Mười, General Secretary (1991–1997)

Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary (1997–2001)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Tôn Đức Thắng, President (1976–1980)

Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Acting President (1980–1981)

Trường Chinh, Chairmen of the Council of State (1981–1987)

Võ Chí Công, Chairmen of the Council of State (1987–1992)

Lê Đức Anh, President (1992–1997)

Trần Đức Lương, President (1997–2006)

Heads of government (complete list) –

Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime minister (1976–1981), Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1981–1987)

Phạm Hùng, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1987–1988)

Võ Văn Kiệt, Acting Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1988)

Đỗ Mười, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1988–1991)

Võ Văn Kiệt, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1991–1992), Prime minister (1992–1997)

Phan Văn Khải, Prime minister (1997–2006)

Asia: West

Bahrain

Bahrain

Monarchs (complete list) –

Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869–1923)

Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Hakim (1923–1942)

Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1942–1961)

Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Hakim (1961–1971), Emir (1971–1999)

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir (1999–2002), King (2002–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–present)

Cyprus

Cyprus (complete list) –

Makarios III, President (1960–1974)

Nikos Sampson, de facto President (1974)

Glafcos Clerides, Acting President (1974)

Makarios III, President (1974–1977)

Spyros Kyprianou, President (1977–1988)

George Vasiliou, President (1988–1993)

Glafcos Clerides, President (1993–2003)

Iran

Iran

Supreme Leaders (complete list) –

Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader (1979–1989)

Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–present)

Presidents (complete list) –

Abulhassan Banisadr, President (1980–1981)

Mohammad-Ali Rajai, President (1981)

Ali Khamenei, President (1981–1989)

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President (1989–1997)

Mohammad Khatami, President (1997–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Mehdi Bazargan, Prime minister (1979)

Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Prime minister (1980–1981)

Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Prime minister (1981)

Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani, Acting Prime minister (1981)

Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime minister (1981–1989)

Iraq

Kingdom of Iraq

Kings (complete list) –

Faisal I, King (1921–1933)

Ghazi, King (1933–1939)

'Abd al-Ilah, Regent (1939–1953)

Faisal II, King (1939–1958)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Naji Shawkat, Prime minister (1932–1933)

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Prime minister (1933)

Jamil al-Midfai, Prime minister (1933–1934)

Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime minister (1934–1935)

Jamil al-Midfai, Prime minister (1935)

Yasin al-Hashimi, Prime minister (1935–1936)

Hikmat Sulayman, Prime minister (1936–1937)

Jamil al-Midfai, Prime minister (1937–1938)

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Prime minister (1940–1941)

Taha al-Hashimi, Prime minister (1941)

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Prime minister (1941)

Jamil al-Midfai, Prime minister (1941)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1941–1944)

Hamdi al-Pachachi, Prime minister (1944–1946)

Tawfiq al-Suwaidi, Prime minister (1946)

Arshad al-Umari, Prime minister (1946)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1946–1947)

Sayyid Salih Jabr, Prime minister (1947–1948)

Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr, Prime minister (1948)

Muzahim al-Pachachi, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1949)

Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime minister (1949–1950)

Tawfiq al-Suwaidi, Prime minister (1950)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari, Prime minister (1952)

Nureddin Mahmud, Prime minister (1952–1953)

Jamil al-Midfai, Prime minister (1953)

Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, Prime minister (1953–1954)

Arshad al-Umari, Prime minister (1954)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1954–1957)

Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime minister (1957)

Abdul-Wahab Mirjan, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Nuri as-Said, Prime minister (1958)

Ahmad Mukhtar Baban, Prime minister (1958)

Republic of Iraq

Presidents (complete list) –

Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i, President (1958–1963)

Abdul Salam Arif, President (1963–1966)

Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Interim President (1966)

Abdul Rahman Arif, President (1966–1968)

Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President (1968–1979)

Saddam Hussein, President (1979–2003)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abd al-Karim Qasim, Prime minister (1958–1963)

Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime minister (1963)

Tahir Yahya, Prime minister (1963–1965)

Arif Abd ar-Razzaq, Prime minister (1965)

Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Naji Talib, Prime minister (1966–1967)

Abdul Rahman Arif, Prime minister (1967)

Tahir Yahya, Prime minister (1967–1968)

Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, Prime minister (1968)

Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime minister (1968–1979)

Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1979–1991)

Sa'dun Hammadi, Prime minister (1991)

Mohammad Hamza al-Zubaidi, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1994–2003)

Israel

Israel

Heads of state (complete list) –

David Ben-Gurion, Chairman (1948)

Chaim Weizmann, Chairman (1948–1949), President (1949–1952)

Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President (1952–1963)

Zalman Shazar, President (1963–1973)

Ephraim Katzir, President (1973–1978)

Yitzhak Navon, President (1978–1983)

Chaim Herzog, President (1983–1993)

Ezer Weizman, President (1993–2000)

Moshe Katsav, President (2000–2007)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

David Ben-Gurion, Prime minister (1948–1953)

Moshe Sharett, Prime minister (1953–1955)

David Ben-Gurion, Prime minister (1955–1963)

Levi Eshkol, Prime minister (1963–1969)

Yigal Allon, Acting Prime minister (1969)

Golda Meir, Prime minister (1969–1974)

Yitzhak Rabin, Prime minister (1974–1977)

Menachem Begin, Prime minister (1977–1983)

Yitzhak Shamir, Prime minister (1983–1984)

Shimon Peres, Prime minister (1984–1986)

Yitzhak Shamir, Prime minister (1986–1992)

Yitzhak Rabin, Prime minister (1992–1995)

Shimon Peres, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (1996–1999)

Ehud Barak, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Jordan

Emirate of Transjordan

Monarchs (complete list) –

Abdullah I, Emir (1921–1946), King (1946–1951)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Rashid Tali’a, Prime minister (1921)

Mazhar Raslan, Prime minister (1921–1922)

Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Mazhar Raslan, Acting Prime minister (1923)

Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1924–1926)

Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1926–1931)

Abd Allah Siraj, Prime minister (1931–1933)

Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1933–1938)

Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1938–1944)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1944–1945)

Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Kingdom of Jordan

Monarchs (complete list) –

Abdullah I, Emir (1921–1946), King (1946–1951)

Talal, King (1951–1952)

Hussein, King (1952–1999)

Abdullah II, King (1999–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1946–1947)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1947)

Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1947–1950)

Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1950)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1951–1953)

Fawzi al-Mulki, Prime minister (1953–1954)

Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1955)

Hazza' al-Majali, Prime minister (1955)

Ibrahim Hashem, Acting Prime minister (1955–1956)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1956)

Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1956)

Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1956)

Sulayman al-Nabulsi, Prime minister (1956–1957)

Husayin al-Khalidi, Prime minister (1957)

Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1957–1958)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1958–1959)

Hazza' al-Majali, Prime minister (1959–1960)

Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1960–1962)

Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1963)

Hussein ibn Nasser, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1965–1967)

Hussein ibn Nasser, Prime minister (1967)

Saad Jumaa, Prime minister (1967)

Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1967–1969)

Abdelmunim al-Rifai, Prime minister (1969)

Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Abdelmunim al-Rifai, Prime minister (1970)

Mohammad Daoud Al-Abbasi, Prime minister (1970)

Ahmad Toukan, Prime minister (1970)

Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1970–1971)

Ahmad Lozi, Prime minister (1971–1973)

Zaid al-Rifai, Prime minister (1973–1976)

Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1976–1979)

Abdelhamid Sharaf, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Kassim al-Rimawi, Prime minister (1980)

Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1980–1984)

Ahmad Obeidat, Prime minister (1984–1985)

Zaid al-Rifai, Prime minister (1985–1989)

Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1989)

Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1989–1991)

Taher al-Masri, Prime minister (1991)

Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime minister (1993–1995)

Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Abdul Karim al-Kabariti, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime minister (1998–1999)

Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh, Prime minister (1999–2000)

Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Kuwait

Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) –

Mubarak I, Sheikh (1896–1915)

Jaber II, Sheikh (1915–1917)

Salim I, Sheikh (1917–1921)

Ahmad I, Sheikh (1921–1950)

Abdullah III, Sheikh (1950–1961), Emir (1961–1965)

State of Kuwait

Monarchs (complete list) –

Abdullah III, Sheikh (1950–1961), Emir (1961–1965)

Sabah III, Emir (1965–1977)

Jaber III, Emir (1977–2006)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdullah Al-Salim, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Sabah Al-Salim, Prime minister (1963–1965)

Jaber Al-Ahmad, Prime minister (1965–1978)

Saad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (1978–2003)

Lebanon

Lebanon

Presidents (complete list) –

Émile Eddé, President (1943)

Bechara El Khoury, President (1943–1952)

Fuad Chehab, Acting President (1952)

Camille Chamoun, President (1952–1958)

Fuad Chehab, President (1958–1964)

Charles Helou, President (1964–1970)

Suleiman Frangieh, President (1970–1976)

Elias Sarkis, President (1976–1982)

Amine Gemayel, President (1982–1988)

Selim Hoss, Acting President, Disputed (1988–1989)

Michel Aoun, Acting President, Disputed (1988–1990)

René Moawad, President, Disputed (1989)

Selim Hoss, Acting President (1989)

Elias Hrawi, President (1989–1998)

Émile Lahoud, President (1998–2007)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Riad Al Solh, Prime minister (1943–1945)

Abdul Hamid Karami, Prime minister (1945–1945)

Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Saadi Al Munla, Prime minister (1946)

Riad Al Solh, Prime minister (1946–1951)

Hussein Al Oweini, Prime minister (1951)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1951–1952)

Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1952)

Nazem Akkari, Prime minister (1952)

Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1952)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1952)

Khaled Chehab, Prime minister (1952–1953)

Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1953)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1953–1954)

Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1955–1956)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1956)

Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1956–1958)

Khalil al-Hibri, Prime minister (1958)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1958–1960)

Ahmad Daouk, Prime minister (1960)

Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1961–1964)

Hussein Al Oweini, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1966)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1966–1968)

Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1968–1969)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1970–1973)

Amin al-Hafez, Prime minister (1973)

Takieddin el-Solh, Prime minister (1973–1974)

Rachid Solh, Prime minister (1974–1975)

Nureddine Rifai, Prime minister (1975)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1975–1976)

Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1976–1980)

Takieddin el-Solh, Prime minister (1980)

Shafik Wazzan, Prime minister (1980–1984)

Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1984–1987)

Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1987–1990)

Michel Aoun, Disputed Prime minister (1988–1990)

Omar Karami, Prime minister (1990–1992)

Rachid Solh, Prime minister (1992)

Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (1992–1998)

Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1998–2000)

Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (2000–2004)

Oman

Oman (complete list) –

Faisal, Sultan (1888–1913)

Taimur, Sultan (1913–1932)

Said III, Sultan (1932–1970)

Qaboos, Sultan (1970–present)

Palestine

State of Palestine (complete list) –

Qatar

Qatar

Emirs (complete list) –

Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, Emir (1878–1913)

Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir (1913–1949)

Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, Emir (1949–1960)

Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani, Emir (1960–1972)

Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (1972–1995)

Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir (1995–2013)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Khalifa bin Hamad, Prime minister (1970–1995)

Hamad bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Abdullah bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1996–2007)

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia (complete list) –

Ibn Saud, King (1932–1953)

Saud, King (1953–1964)

Faisal, King (1964–1975)

Khalid, King (1975–1982)

Fahd, King (1982–2005)

Syria

Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)

Monarchs (complete list) –

Faisal I, King (1920)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1920)

Hashim al-Atassi, Acting Prime minister (1920)

Ala al-Din al-Durubi Basha, Prime minister (1920)

Jamil al-Ulshi, Prime minister (1920)

Syrian Republic (1930–58)

Presidents (complete list) –

Shukri al-Quwatli, President (1945–1949)

Husni al-Za'im, President (1949)

Sami al-Hinnawi, Acting President (1949)

Hashim al-Atassi, President (1949–1951)

Adib Shishakli, Acting President (1951)

Fawzi Selu, President (1951–1953)

Adib Shishakli, President (1953–1954)

Maamun al-Kuzbari, Acting President (1954)

Hashim al-Atassi, President (1954–1955)

Shukri al-Quwatli, President (1955–1958)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Saadallah al-Jabiri, Prime minister (1945–1946)

Khalid al-Azm, Acting Prime minister (1946)

Jamil Mardam Bey, Prime minister (1946–1948)

Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Husni al-Za'im, Prime minister (1949)

Muhsin al-Barazi, Prime minister (1949)

Hashim al-Atassi, Prime minister (1949)

Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime minister (1949)

Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1949–1950)

Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1951)

Hassan al-Hakim, Prime minister (1951)

Zaki al-Khatib, Prime minister (1951)

Maarouf al-Dawalibi, Prime minister (1951)

Fawzi Selu, Prime minister (1951–1953)

Adib Shishakli, Prime minister (1953–1954)

Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1954)

Said al-Ghazzi, Prime minister (1954)

Fares al-Khoury, Prime minister (1954–1955)

Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1955)

Said al-Ghazzi, Prime minister (1955–1956)

Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1956–1958)

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)

Presidents (complete list) –

Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1958–1961)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Nur al-Din Kahala, Prime minister (1958–1960)

Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)

Presidents (complete list) –

Maamun al-Kuzbari, Acting President (1961)

Izzat al-Nuss, Acting President (1961)

Nazim al-Kudsi, President (1961–1963)

Lu'ay al-Atassi, President (1963)

Amin al-Hafiz, President (1963–1966)

Nureddin al-Atassi, President (1966–1970)

Ahmad al-Khatib, Acting President (1970–1971)

Hafez al-Assad, President (1971–2000)

Abdul Halim Khaddam, Acting President (2000)

Bashar al-Assad, President (2000–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Maamun al-Kuzbari, Prime minister (1961)

Izzat al-Nuss, Prime minister (1961)

Maarouf al-Dawalibi, Prime minister (1961–1962)

Bashir al-Azma, Prime minister (1962)

Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1963)

Amin al-Hafiz, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1964)

Amin al-Hafiz, Prime minister (1964–1965)

[Yusuf Zuayyin]], Prime minister (1965)

Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1966)

Yusuf Zuaiyin, Prime minister (1966–1968)

Nureddin al-Atassi, Prime minister (1968–1970)

Hafez al-Assad, Prime minister (1970–1971)

Abdul Rahman Khleifawi, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Mahmoud al-Ayyubi, Prime minister (1972–1976)

Abdul Rahman Khleifawi, Prime minister (1976–1978)

Muhammad Ali al-Halabi, Prime minister (1978–1980)

Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime minister (1980–1987)

Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime minister (1987–2000)

Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Turkey

Ankara Government of Turkey (1920–1923)

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Prime minister (1920–1921)

Fevzi Çakmak, Prime minister (1921–1922)

Rauf Orbay, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Fethi Okyar, Prime minister (1923)

Republic of Turkey

Presidents (complete list) –

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President (1923–1938)

İsmet İnönü, President (1938–1950)

Celâl Bayar, President (1950–1960)

Cemal Gürsel, Chairman (1960–1961), President (1961–1966)

Cevdet Sunay, President (1966–1973)

Fahri Korutürk, President (1973–1980)

Kenan Evren, Chairman (1980–1982), President (1982–1989)

Turgut Özal, President (1989–1993)

Süleyman Demirel, President (1993–2000)

Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President (2000–2007)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Fethi Okyar, Prime minister (1924–1925)

İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1925–1937)

Celâl Bayar, Prime minister (1937–1939)

Refik Saydam, Prime minister (1939–1942)

Ahmet Fikri Tüzer, Acting Prime minister (1942)

Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime minister (1942–1946)

Recep Peker, Prime minister (1946–1947)

Hasan Saka, Prime minister (1947–1949)

Şemsettin Günaltay, Prime minister (1949–1950)

Adnan Menderes, Prime minister (1950–1960)

Cemal Gürsel, Prime minister (1960–1961)

Fahri Özdilek, Acting Prime minister (1961)

İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1961–1965)

Suat Hayri Ürgüplü, Prime minister (1965)

Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1965–1971)

Nihat Erim, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Ferit Melen, Prime minister (1972–1973)

Naim Talu, Prime minister (1973–1974)

Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1974)

Sadi Irmak, Prime minister (1974–1975)

Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1975–1977)

Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1977)

Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1977–1978)

Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1978–1979)

Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1979–1980)

Bülent Ulusu, Prime minister (1980–1983)

Turgut Özal, Prime minister (1983–1989)

Ali Bozer, Acting Prime minister (1989)

Yıldırım Akbulut, Prime minister (1989–1991)

Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1991)

Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Erdal İnönü, Acting Prime minister (1993)

Tansu Çiller, Prime minister (1993–1996)

Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1996)

Necmettin Erbakan, Prime minister (1996–1997)

Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1999–2002)

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates

Presidents (complete list) –

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President (1971–2004)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1971–1979)

Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1979–1990)

Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1990–2006)

Yemen

Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen

Monarchs (complete list) –

Yahya, Imam (1904–1948), King (1918–1948)

Ahmad, King (1948–1962)

Muhammad al-Badr, King (1962)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ibrahim bin Yahya Hamid al-Din, Prime minister (1948)

Ali ibn Abdullah al-Wazir, Prime minister (1948)

Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime minister (1948–1955)

Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)

Presidents (complete list) –

Abdullah as-Sallal, President (1962–1967)

Abdul Rahman al-Iryani, President (1967–1974)

Ibrahim al-Hamdi, President (1974–1977)

Ahmad al-Ghashmi, President (1977–1978)

Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi, President (1978)

Ali Abdullah Saleh, President (1978–1990)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1962–1963)

Abdul Latif Dayfallah, Prime minister (1963)

Abdul Rahman al-Iryani, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1964)

Hamoud al-Gayifi, Prime minister (1964–1965)

Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1965)

Ahmad Muhammad Numan, Prime minister (1965)

Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1965)

Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1966–1967)

Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1967)

Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1967–1969)

Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1969)

Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1969)

Abdullah Kurshumi, Prime minister (1969–1970)

Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1970–1971)

Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1971)

Ahmad Muhammad Numan, Prime minister (1971)

Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1971)

Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1971)

Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1971–1972)

Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, Prime minister (1972–1974)

Hassan Muhammad Makki, Prime minister (1974)

Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1974–1975)

Abdul Latif Dayfallah, Acting Prime minister (1975)

Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1975–1980)

Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1980–1983)

Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1983–1990)

South Yemen

General Secretary (complete list) –

Abdul Fattah Ismail, President (1978–1980)

Ali Nasir Muhammad, President (1980–1986)

Ali Salem al Beidh, President (1986–1990)

Heads of state (complete list) –

Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi, President (1967–1969)

Salim Rubai Ali, Chairmen (1969–1978)

Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairmen (1978)

Abdul Fattah Ismail, Chairmen (1978–1980)

Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairmen (1980–1986)

Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairmen (1986–1990)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Faysal al-Shaabi, Prime minister (1969)

Muhammad Ali Haitham, Prime minister (1969–1971)

Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime minister (1971–1985)

Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime minister (1985–1986)

Yasin Said Numan, Prime minister (1986–1990)

Republic of Yemen

Presidents (complete list) –

Ali Abdullah Saleh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1990–1994), President (1994–2012)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime minister (1990–1994)

Muhammad Said al-Attar, Acting Prime minister (1994)

Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1994–1997)

Faraj Said Bin Ghanem, Prime minister (1997–1998)

Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1998–2001)

Europe: British Isles

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Monarchs (complete list) –

Victoria, Queen (1837–1901)

Edward VII, King (1901–1910)

George V, King (1910–1936)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Salisbury, Prime minister (1895–1902)

Arthur Balfour, Prime minister (1902–1905)

Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime minister (1905–1908)

H. H. Asquith, Prime minister (1908–1916)

David Lloyd George, Prime minister (1916–1922)

Bonar Law, Prime minister (1922)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Monarchs (complete list) –

George V, King (1910–1936)

Edward VIII, King (1936)

George VI, King (1936–1952)

Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Bonar Law, Prime minister (1922–1923)

Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1923–1924)

Ramsay MacDonald, Prime minister (1924)

Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1924–1929)

Ramsay MacDonald, Prime minister (1929–1935)

Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1935–1937)

Neville Chamberlain, Prime minister (1937–1940)

Winston Churchill, Prime minister (1940–1945)

Clement Attlee, Prime minister (1945–1951)

Winston Churchill, Prime minister (1951–1955)

Anthony Eden, Prime minister (1955–1957)

Harold Macmillan, Prime minister (1957–1963)

Alec Douglas-Home, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1964–1970)

Edward Heath, Prime minister (1970–1974)

Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1974–1976)

James Callaghan, Prime minister (1976–1979)

Margaret Thatcher, Prime minister (1979–1990)

John Major, Prime minister (1990–1997)

Tony Blair, Prime minister (1997–2007)

Europe: Central

Switzerland (complete list) –

Ernst Brenner, President of the Confederation (1901)

Josef Zemp, President of the Confederation (1902)

Adolf Deucher, President of the Confederation (1903)

Robert Comtesse, President of the Confederation (1904)

Marc-Emile Ruchet, President of the Confederation (1905)

Ludwig Forrer, President of the Confederation (1906)

Eduard Müller, President of the Confederation (1907)

Ernst Brenner, President of the Confederation (1908)

Adolf Deucher, President of the Confederation (1909)

Robert Comtesse, President of the Confederation (1910)

Marc-Emile Ruchet, President of the Confederation (1911)

Ludwig Forrer, President of the Confederation (1912)

Eduard Müller, President of the Confederation (1913)

Arthur Hoffmann, President of the Confederation (1914)

Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1915)

Camille Decoppet, President of the Confederation (1916)

Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1917)

Felix Calonder, President of the Confederation (1918)

Gustave Ador, President of the Confederation (1919)

Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1920)

Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1921)

Robert Haab, President of the Confederation (1922)

Karl Scheurer, President of the Confederation (1923)

Ernest Chuard, President of the Confederation (1924)

Jean-Marie Musy, President of the Confederation (1925)

Heinrich Häberlin, President of the Confederation (1926)

Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1927)

Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1928)

Robert Haab, President of the Confederation (1929)

Jean-Marie Musy, President of the Confederation (1930)

Heinrich Häberlin, President of the Confederation (1931)

Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1932)

Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1933)

Marcel Pilet-Golaz, President of the Confederation (1934)

Rudolf Minger, President of the Confederation (1935)

Albert Meyer, President of the Confederation (1936)

Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1937)

Johannes Baumann, President of the Confederation (1938)

Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1939)

Marcel Pilet-Golaz, President of the Confederation (1940)

Ernst Wetter, President of the Confederation (1941)

Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1942)

Enrico Celio, President of the Confederation (1943)

Walther Stampfli, President of the Confederation (1944)

Eduard von Steiger, President of the Confederation (1945)

Karl Kobelt, President of the Confederation (1946)

Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1947)

Enrico Celio, President of the Confederation (1948)

Ernst Nobs, President of the Confederation (1949)

Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1950)

Eduard von Steiger, President of the Confederation (1951)

Karl Kobelt, President of the Confederation (1952)

Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1953)

Rodolphe Rubattel, President of the Confederation (1954)

Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1955)

Markus Feldmann, President of the Confederation (1956)

Hans Streuli, President of the Confederation (1957)

Thomas Holenstein, President of the Confederation (1958)

Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1959)

Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1960)

Friedrich Traugott Wahlen, President of the Confederation (1961)

Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1962)

Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1963)

Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1964)

Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1965)

Hans Schaffner, President of the Confederation (1966)

Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1967)

Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1968)

Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1969)

Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1970)

Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1971)

Nello Celio, President of the Confederation (1972)

Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1973)

Ernst Brugger, President of the Confederation (1974)

Pierre Graber, President of the Confederation (1975)

Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1976)

Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1977)

Willi Ritschard, President of the Confederation (1978)

Hans Hürlimann, President of the Confederation (1979)

Georges-André Chevallaz, President of the Confederation (1980)

Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1981)

Fritz Honegger, President of the Confederation (1982)

Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1983)

Leon Schlumpf, President of the Confederation (1984)

Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1985)

Alphons Egli, President of the Confederation (1986)

Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1987)

Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1988)

Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1989)

Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1990)

Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1991)

René Felber, President of the Confederation (1992)

Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (1993)

Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1994)

Kaspar Villiger, President of the Confederation (1995)

Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1996)

Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1997)

Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1998)

Ruth Dreifuss, President of the Confederation (1999)

Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (2000)

Europe: Nordic

Denmark

Monarchs (complete list) –

Christian IX, King (1863–1906)

Frederik VIII, King (1906–1912)

Christian X, King (1912–1947)

Frederik IX, King (1947–1972)

Margrethe II, Queen (1972–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Union between Sweden and Norway (complete list / complete list) –

Oscar II, King (1872–1905)

Norway

Monarchs (complete list) –

Haakon VII, King (1905–1957)

Olav V, King (1957–1991)

Harald V, King (1991–present)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Sweden

Monarchs (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Europe: Southcentral

San Marino (1900–present) –

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

Co-Princes (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Europe: West

Belgium

Monarchs (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Luxembourg

Monarchs (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Monaco

Monarchs (complete list) –

Minister of State (complete list) –

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Monarchs (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Eurasia: Caucasus

Abkhazia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims Abkhazia

Presidents (complete list) –

Vladislav Ardzinba, President (1994–2005)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Vazha Zarandia, Prime minister (1992–1993)

Sokrat Jinjolia, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Gennadi Gagulia, Prime minister (1995–1997)

Sergei Bagapsh, Prime minister (1997–1999)

Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime minister (1999–2001)

South Ossetia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims South Ossetia

Presidents (complete list) –

Znaur Gassiev, Head of state (1991–1992)

Torez Kulumbegov, Head of state (1992–1993)

Lyudvig Chibirov, Head of state (1993–2001), President (1996–2001)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Oleg Teziev, Prime minister (1991–1993)

Gerasim Khugayev, Prime minister (1993–1994)

Feliks Zassiev, Prime minister (1994–1995)

Vladislav Gabarayev, Prime minister (1995–1996)

Valeriy Hubulov, Acting Prime minister (1996)

Aleksandr Shavlokhov, Prime minister (1996–1998)

Merab Chigoev, Prime minister (1998–2001)

Oceania

Tonga

Monarchs (complete list) –

Prime ministers (complete list) –

References

List of state leaders in the 20th century Wikipedia

(Text) CC BY-SA

Contents

Africa: Central

Africa: East

Africa: Northcentral

Africa: Northeast

Africa: Northwest

Africa: South

Africa: West

Americas: Caribbean

Americas: Central

Americas: North

Americas: South

Asia: Central

Asia: East

Asia: South

Asia: Southeast

Asia: West

Europe: British Isles

Europe: Central

Europe: Nordic

Europe: Southcentral

Europe: Southwest

Europe: West

Eurasia: Caucasus

Oceania

References