The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi). In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometres (50 mi) are awarded astronaut wings. The majority of people who have flown into space have done so by entering Earth orbit. This list includes persons meeting all three criteria, in separate subdivisions.
The flags indicate the space traveler's nationality at the time of their flight or flights. In cases of dual citizenship, the space traveler is listed under their primary residence. A secondary list appended to the entry for the Soviet Union. shows the birth countries of space travelers not born in Russia. A similar list after the entry for the United States shows the birth countries of space travelers who are or were citizens of the U.S. but were born elsewhere. Flags shown in the secondary lists are those in use at the time of the space travelers' birth.
Names in italic are space travelers who are not part of any national astronaut program or astronaut corps (Toyohiro Akiyama, Helen Sharman, the Space Adventures customers and the sub-orbital SpaceShipOne pilots).
Except for the SpaceShipOne pilots, all of the space travellers have been crew or participants aboard flights launched by China, the Soviet Union/Russia or the United States.
As of October 2016, people from 37 countries have traveled in space. 545 people have reached Earth orbit. 548 have reached the altitude of space according to the FAI definition of the boundary of space, and 554 people have reached the altitude of space according to the American definition. Only 24 people have traveled beyond low Earth orbit.
Of the 37 countries whose citizens have traveled into Earth orbit, 26 have only flown a single space traveler, and 4 others have only flown 2 each. Over 94% of all space travelers have been contributed by the following eight nations:
1 Includes 61 Soviet cosmonauts and 11 cosmonauts who flew for both Russia and the Soviet Union.
2 Includes both national space programme activity and European Space Agency participation.
3 Includes astronauts from the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic.
The Soviet Union never launched a spaceflight intended as suborbital. The following persons were launched aboard Soyuz 18a, intended as orbital, but which was forced to abort before reaching orbit, after reaching suborbital space.
- Vasili Lazarev — Soyuz 18a. Also orbited aboard Soyuz 12.
- Oleg Makarov — Soyuz 18a. Also orbited aboard Soyuz 12, Soyuz 27, Soyuz 26 and Soyuz T-3.
The following persons flew or were launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 km, which counts as a space flight by FAI guidelines:
- Brian Binnie — SpaceShipOne flight 17P
- Gus Grissom (1926–1967) — Mercury 4. Also orbited aboard Gemini 3.
- Mike Melvill, born in Johannesburg, South Africa — SpaceShipOne flight 15P, SpaceShipOne flight 16P
- Alan Shepard (1923–1998), first American in space — Mercury 3. Also orbited and flew to the moon aboard Apollo 14.
- Joseph A. Walker (1921–1966), USAF X-15 astronaut — X-15 Flight 90, X-15 Flight 91
The following persons flew into the upper atmosphere between 80 and 100 km, which counts as space flight by United States guidelines:
- Michael J. Adams (1930–1967) — X-15 Flight 191
- William H. Dana (1930–2014) — X-15 Flights 174 and 197
- Joseph H. Engle — X-15 Flights 138, 143, and 153. Also orbited.
- William J. Knight (1929–2004) — X-15 Flight 190
- John B. McKay (1922–1975) — X-15 Flight 150
- Robert A. Rushworth (1924–1993) — X-15 Flight 87
- Joseph A. Walker (1921–1966) — X-15 Flight 77. Also flew above 100 km.
- Robert M. White (1924–2010) — X-15 Flight 62
- Abdul Ahad Mohmand (Intercosmos), first Afghan in space — Soyuz TM-6/5
- Marcos Pontes, first Brazilian in space, first lusophone in space, first professional astronaut officially representing a Southern Hemisphere country in space. — Soyuz TMA-8
- Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov (Intercosmos) — Soyuz TM-5/4
- Georgi Ivanov (Intercosmos), first Bulgarian in space. — Soyuz 33
- Roberta Bondar, first Canadian woman in space. — STS-42
- Marc Garneau, first Canadian in space. — STS-41-G, STS-77, STS-97
- Chris Hadfield, first Canadian to walk in space. — STS-74, STS-100, Soyuz TMA-07M
- Guy Laliberté, space tourist — Soyuz TMA-16/14
- Steven MacLean — STS-52, STS-115
- Julie Payette — STS-96, STS-127
- Robert Thirsk — STS-78, Soyuz TMA-15
- Bjarni Tryggvason, born in Iceland — STS-85
- Dafydd Williams — STS-90, STS-118
- Chen Dong — Shenzhou 11
- Fei Junlong — Shenzhou 6
- Jing Haipeng — Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 11
- Liu Boming — Shenzhou 7
- Liu Wang — Shenzhou 9
- Liu Yang, first Chinese woman in space — Shenzhou 9
- Nie Haisheng — Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 10
- Wang Yaping — Shenzhou 10
- Yang Liwei, first Chinese national in space — Shenzhou 5
- Zhai Zhigang, first Chinese national to walk in space — Shenzhou 7
- Zhang Xiaoguan — Shenzhou 10
- Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (Intercosmos), the first Cuban and the first person from a country in the Western Hemisphere other than the U.S. to travel to space. He was also the first Hispanophone and first person of African ancestry in space. — Soyuz 38
- Vladimír Remek (Intercosmos), first Czech and first non-Soviet European in space. — Soyuz 28
Some of these astronauts participated in national space programme activity unrelated to their home country's contemporary or subsequent membership of the European Space Agency.
- Franz Viehböck, first Austrian in space. — Soyuz TM-13/12
- Frank De Winne, EAC — Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-15
- Dirk Frimout, first Belgian in space. — STS-45
- Andreas Mogensen, first Dane in space. — Soyuz TMA-18M/16M
- Patrick Baudry, second Frenchman in space, born in Douala, Cameroon — STS-51-G
- Jean-Loup Chrétien, CNES (Intercosmos), first French person in space and first non-Soviet European to walk in space — Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6, STS-86
- Jean-François Clervoy, EAC — STS-66, STS-84, STS-103
- Léopold Eyharts, EAC — Soyuz TM-27/26, STS-122/123
- Jean-Jacques Favier, born in Kehl, Germany — STS-78
- Claudie André-Deshays Haigneré, EAC, first Frenchwoman in space (Mir, 1996) — Soyuz TM-24/23, Soyuz TM-33/32
- Jean-Pierre Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-17/16, Soyuz TM-29
- Philippe Perrin, EAC, born in Meknes, Morocco — STS-111
- Michel Tognini, EAC — Soyuz TM-15/14, STS-93
- Thomas Pesquet — Soyuz MS-03
- Reinhold Ewald, EAC — Soyuz TM-25/24
- Klaus-Dietrich Flade — Soyuz TM-14/13
- Reinhard Furrer, born in Wörgl, Austria (1940–1995) — STS-61-A (flew for West Germany)
- Alexander Gerst — Soyuz TMA-13M
- Sigmund Jähn (Intercosmos), first German in space — Soyuz 31/29 (flew for East Germany)
- Ulf Merbold, EAC — STS-9, STS-42, Soyuz TM-20/19 (flew for both West Germany and united Germany)
- Ernst Messerschmid — STS-61-A (flew for West Germany)
- Thomas Reiter, EAC, first German to walk in space and first ESA astronaut to stay on the ISS. — Soyuz TM-22, STS-121/116
- Hans Schlegel, EAC — STS-55, STS-122
- Gerhard Thiele, EAC — STS-99
- Ulrich Walter — STS-55
- Maurizio Cheli, EAC — STS-75
- Samantha Cristoforetti, EAC, first Italian woman in space — Soyuz TMA-15M
- Umberto Guidoni, EAC — STS-75, STS-100
- Franco Malerba, first Italian in space. — STS-46
- Paolo A. Nespoli, EAC — STS-120, Soyuz TMA-20
- Luca Parmitano, EAC, first Italian to walk in space. — Soyuz TMA-09M
- Roberto Vittori, EAC — Soyuz TM-34/33, Soyuz TMA-6/5, STS-134
Netherlands
- André Kuipers, EAC — Soyuz TMA-4/3, Soyuz TMA-03M
- Wubbo Ockels, EAC, first Dutchman in space. — STS-61-A
Poland
- Mirosław Hermaszewski (Intercosmos), first Pole in space. — Soyuz 30
- Dumitru Prunariu (Intercosmos), first Romanian in space. — Soyuz 40
- Pedro Duque, EAC, first Spaniard in space. — STS-95, Soyuz TMA-3/2
- Christer Fuglesang, EAC, first Swede in space. — STS-116, STS-128
Switzerland
- Claude Nicollier, EAC, first Swiss in space. — STS-46, STS-61, STS-75, STS-103
- Helen Sharman, Project Juno, first Briton in space. — Soyuz TM-12/11
- Tim Peake, EAC, first professional British astronaut in space. — Soyuz TMA-19M
Additionally, Michael Foale, born in England to a British father and American mother and a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and the United States, and was raised and educated in England; however, he is a member of NASA's Astronaut Corps and flew as an American. Gregory H. Johnson has foreign (US) citizenship, having been born in the UK to American parents, while Piers Sellers, Nicholas Patrick, Richard Garriott and Mark Shuttleworth have dual nationalities.
- Bertalan Farkas (Intercosmos), first Hungarian in space. — Soyuz 36/35
- Rakesh Sharma (Intercosmos), first Indian national in space. — Soyuz T-11/10
- Ilan Ramon (1954–2003), first Israeli in space, died on the Columbia. — STS-107
- Toyohiro Akiyama, first Japanese man in space. — Soyuz TM-11/10
- Takao Doi, first Japanese man to walk in space. — STS-87, STS-123
- Akihiko Hoshide — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-05M
- Mamoru Mohri — STS-47, STS-99
- Chiaki Mukai, first Japanese woman in space. — STS-65, STS-95
- Soichi Noguchi — STS-114, Soyuz TMA-17
- Takuya Onishi — Soyuz MS-01
- Koichi Wakata — STS-72, STS-92, STS-119/127, Soyuz TMA-11M
- Naoko Yamazaki — STS-131
- Kimiya Yui — Soyuz TMA-17M
- Satoshi Furukawa — Soyuz TMA-02M
- Aidyn Aimbetov — Soyuz TMA-18M
Note: Kazakh cosmonauts Toktar Aubakirov and Talgat Musabayev flew under the Soviet and Russian flags.
- Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, first Malaysian in space — Soyuz TMA-11/10
- Rodolfo Neri Vela, first Mexican in space. — STS-61-B
- Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Intercosmos), first Mongolian in space. — Soyuz 39
Russia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Soviet space program came under the control of the Russian Federation in December 1991; the new program, now called the Russian Federal Space Agency, retained continuity of equipment and personnel with the Soviet program. While all Soviet and RKA cosmonauts were born within the borders of the U.S.S.R., many were born outside the boundaries of Russia, and may be claimed by other Soviet successor states as nationals of those states. These cosmonauts are marked with an asterisk * and their place of birth is shown in an appended list. All, however, claimed Soviet or Russian citizenship at the time of their space flights.
Viktor Mikhaylovich Afanasyev — Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32
Vladimir Aksyonov — Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
Anatoly Artsebarsky* — Soyuz TM-12
Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soyuz 14
Oleg Atkov — Soyuz T-10/11
Toktar Aubakirov* — Soyuz TM-13/12
Sergei Avdeyev — Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22
Aleksandr Balandin — Soyuz TM-9
Yuri Baturin, first Russian politician in space. — Soyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Voskhod 2
Georgi Beregovoi* (1921–1995) — Soyuz 3
Anatoly Berezovoy (1942-2014) — Soyuz T-5/7
Andrei Borisenko — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz MS-02
Nikolai Budarin — STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
Valery Bykovsky — Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29
Vladimir N. Dezhurov — Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
Georgi Dobrovolski* (1928–1971), died on reentry. — Soyuz 11
Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15
Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Voskhod 1
Anatoly Filipchenko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16
Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), first person in space. — Vostok 1
Yuri Gidzenko* — Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33
Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soyuz 24
Viktor Gorbatko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36
Georgi Grechko — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13
Aleksei Gubarev — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soyuz 29/31
Anatoli Ivanishin — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz MS-01
Aleksandr Kaleri* — Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-01M
Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soyuz 5/4
Leonid Kizim* (1941–2010) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
Pyotr Klimuk* — Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30
Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967), died during reentry of first Soyuz spacecraft. — Voskhod 1, Soyuz 1
Yelena V. Kondakova — Soyuz TM-20/STS-84
Dmitri Kondratyev — Soyuz TMA-20
Oleg Kononenko* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz TMA-17M
Mikhail Korniyenko — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M
Valery Korzun — Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113
Oleg Kotov* — Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M
Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4
Konstantin Kozeyev — Soyuz TM-33/32
Sergei Krikalev, six space flights and, as of 2006, holds record for longest total time in space: 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes. — Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-12/ Soyuz TM-13, STS-60, STS-88, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TMA-6
Valeri Kubasov — Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36/35
Aleksandr Laveykin — Soyuz TM-2
Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a
Aleksandr Lazutkin — Soyuz TM-25
Valentin Lebedev — Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7
Aleksei Leonov, first person to "walk in space" (to make an EVA). — Voskhod 2, Soyuz 19
Anatoli Levchenko* (1941–1988) — Soyuz TM-4/3
Yuri Lonchakov* — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
Vladimir Lyakhov* — Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5
Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3
Yuri Malenchenko* — Soyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz TMA-19M
Yury Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11/10
Gennadi Manakov — Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-16
Musa Manarov* — Soyuz TM-4/6, Soyuz TM-11
Boris Morukov (1950—2015) — STS-106
Talgat Musabayev* — Soyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-32/31
Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004), first astronaut of Chuvash descent — Vostok 3, Soyuz 9
Oleg Novitski* — Soyuz TMA-06M
Yuri Onufrienko* — Soyuz TM-23, STS-108/111
Aleksei Ovchinin — Soyuz TMA-20M
Gennady Padalka — Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), died in reentry. — Soyuz 11
Aleksandr Poleshchuk — Soyuz TM-16
Valeri Polyakov, holds record for single longest spaceflight, 437 days — Soyuz TM-6/7, Soyuz TM-18/20
Leonid Popov* — Soyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5
Pavel Popovich* (1930–2009) — Vostok 4, Soyuz 14
Sergei Revin — Soyuz TMA-04M
Roman Romanenko — Soyuz TMA-15, Soyuz TMA-07M
Yuri Romanenko — Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2/3
Valery Rozhdestvensky — Soyuz 23
Nikolai Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
Sergei Ryazanski — Soyuz TMA-10M
Valery Ryumin — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, STS-91
Sergei Ryzhikov — Soyuz MS-02
Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15
Viktor Savinykh — Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14
Svetlana Savitskaya, first woman to walk in space. — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12
Aleksandr Serebrov (1944-2013) — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17
Yelena Serova — Soyuz TMA-14M
Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18
Yuri Shargin, first Russian military cosmonaut — Soyuz TMA-5/4
Salizhan Sharipov* — STS-89, Soyuz TMA-5
Vladimir Shatalov* — Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
Anton Shkaplerov — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M
Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6
Oleg Skripochka — Soyuz TMA-01M, Soyuz TMA-20M
Aleksandr Skvortsov — Soyuz TMA-18
Anatoly Solovyev* — Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
Vladimir Solovyov — Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
Maksim Surayev — Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M
Yevgeni Tarelkin — Soyuz TMA-06M
Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space. — Vostok 6
Gherman Titov (1935–2000), the second person to make a space flight and the first to stay up for a day. — Vostok 2
Vladimir Titov — Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, STS-63, STS-86
Valeri Tokarev — STS-96, Soyuz TMA-7
Sergei Treshchov — STS-111/113
Vasili Tsibliyev* — Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
Mikhail Tyurin — STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M
Yuri Usachov — Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-23, STS-101, STS-102/STS-105
Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soyuz T-14
Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20
Pavel Vinogradov — Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8
Igor Volk* — Soyuz T-12
Alexander Volkov* — Soyuz T-14, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13, Soyuz TM-13
Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-02M, Soyuz TMA-18M
Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971), died on reentry. — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 11
Boris Volynov — Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21
Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — Voskhod 1
Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
Fyodor Yurchikhin* — STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M
Sergei Zalyotin — Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34
Vitali Zholobov* — Soyuz 21
Vyacheslav Zudov — Soyuz 23
Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia
All of the locations below were part of the former U.S.S.R. at the time of the cosmonauts' birth.
Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. / Azerbaijan
- Musa Manarov, born in Baku, Azerbaijan
Byelorussian S.S.R. / Belarus
- Pyotr Klimuk, born in Komarovka, Belarus. First Belarus-born man in space
- Vladimir Kovalyonok, born in Beloye, Belarus
- Oleg Novitski, born in Chervyen’, Belarus
Georgian S.S.R. / Georgia
- Fyodor Yurchikhin, born in Batumi, Georgia
Kazakh S.S.R. / Kazakhstan
- Toktar Aubakirov, born in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. First ethnic Kazakh in space.
- Yuri Lonchakov, born in Balkhash, Kazakhstan
- Talgat Musabayev, born in Kargaly, Kazakhstan, later a Kazakh citizen
- Viktor Patsayev, born in Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan
- Vladimir Shatalov, born in Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan, first person born in Kazakhstan in space
- Aleksandr Viktorenko, born in Olginka, Kazakhstan
Kirghiz S.S.R. / Kyrgyzstan
- Salizhan Sharipov, born in Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan
Latvian S.S.R. / Latvia
- Aleksandr Kaleri, born in Jūrmala, Latvia
- Anatoly Solovyev, born in Riga, Latvia
Turkmen S.S.R. / Turkmenistan
- Oleg Kononenko, born in Chardzhou, Turkmenistan
Ukrainian S.S.R. / Ukraine
- Anatoly Artsebarsky, born in Prosyanaya, Ukraine
- Georgi Beregovoi, born in Federovka, Ukraine
- Georgiy Dobrovolskiy, born in Odessa, Ukraine
- Yuri Gidzenko, born in Elanets, Ukraine
- Leonid Kizim, born in Krasny Liman, Ukraine
- Oleg Kotov, born in Simferopol, Ukraine
- Anatoli Levchenko, born in Krasnokutsk, Ukraine
- Vladimir Lyakhov, born in Antratsyt, Ukraine
- Yuri Malenchenko, born in Svitlovodsk, Ukraine
- Yuri Onufriyenko, born in Ryasne, Ukraine
- Leonid Popov, born in Oleksandriia, Ukraine
- Pavel Popovich, born in Uzyn, Ukraine. First Ukraine-born man in space.
- Georgi Shonin, born in Rovenky, Ukraine
- Vasili Tsibliyev, born in Orekhovka, Ukraine
- Vladimir Vasyutin, born in Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Igor Volk, born in Zmiiv, Ukraine
- Aleksandr Volkov, born in Horlivka, Ukraine
- Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov, born in Chuhuiv, Ukraine
- Vitali Zholobov, born in Zburjevka, Ukraine
Uzbek S.S.R. / Uzbekistan
- Vladimir Dzhanibekov, born in Iskandar, Uzbekistan
- Sultan Salman Al Saud, first Saudi in space. — STS-51-G
- Ivan Bella, first Slovak in space. — Soyuz TM-29/28
- Mark Shuttleworth, second "space tourist" and first South African in space. — Soyuz TM-34/33
- Yi So-yeon, Spaceflight participant, first South Korean in space — Soyuz TMA-12/11
- Muhammed Faris (Intercosmos), first Syrian in space. — Soyuz TM-3/2
- Leonid Kadenyuk, first Ukrainian in space since independence. — STS-87
* Asterisked space travelers were born outside the United States
- Anousheh Ansari*, fourth space tourist and first female space tourist — Soyuz TMA-9/8
- Richard Garriott*, space tourist — Soyuz TMA-13/12
- Gregory Olsen, third space tourist — Soyuz TMA-7/6
- Charles Simonyi*, fifth space tourist — Soyuz TMA-10/9, Soyuz TMA-14/13
- Dennis Tito, first space tourist — Soyuz TM-32/31
^ still on active service
A
Joseph M. Acaba^ — STS-119, Soyuz TMA-04M
Loren Acton — STS-51-F
James C. Adamson — STS-28, STS-43
Thomas Akers — STS-41, STS-49, STS-61, STS-79
Buzz Aldrin, the second person to walk on the Moon — Gemini 12, Apollo 11
Andrew M. Allen — STS-46, STS-62, STS-75
Joseph P. Allen — STS-5, STS-51-A
Scott Altman^ — STS-90, STS-106, STS-109, STS-125
William Anders* — Apollo 8
Clayton Anderson^ — STS-117/120, STS-131
Michael P. Anderson (1959–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-89, STS-107
Dominic A. Antonelli^ — STS-119, STS-132
Jerome Apt — STS-37, STS-47, STS-59, STS-79
Lee Archambault^ — STS-117, STS-119
Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), first person to walk on the Moon — Gemini 8, Apollo 11
Richard R. Arnold^ — STS-119
Jeffrey Ashby — STS-93, STS-100, STS-112
B
James P. Bagian, first person of Armenian descent to have been in space — STS-29, STS-40
Ellen S. Baker — STS-34, STS-50, STS-71
Michael A. Baker — STS-43, STS-52, STS-68, STS-81
Michael R. Barratt^ — Soyuz TMA-14, STS-133
Daniel T. Barry — STS-72, STS-96, STS-105
John-David F. Bartoe — STS-51-F
Alan Bean — Apollo 12, Skylab 3
Robert L. Behnken^ — STS-123, STS-130
John E. Blaha — STS-29, STS-33, STS-43, STS-58, STS-79/81
Michael J. Bloomfield — STS-86, STS-97, STS-110
Guion Bluford, first African-American in space — STS-8, STS-61-A, STS-39, STS-53
Karol J. Bobko, first graduate of the United States Air Force Academy to become an astronaut — STS-6, STS-51-D, STS-51-J
Eric A. Boe^ — STS-126, STS-133
Charles Bolden — STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-45, STS-60
Frank Borman, commanded the first spaceflight to orbit the Moon — Gemini 7, Apollo 8
Stephen G. Bowen^ — STS-126, STS-132, STS-133
Ken Bowersox — STS-50, STS-61, STS-73, STS-82, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
Charles E. Brady, Jr. (1951–2006) — STS-78
Vance D. Brand — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, STS-5, STS-41-B, STS-35
Daniel Brandenstein — STS-8, STS-51-G, STS-32, STS-49
Randolph Bresnik^ — STS-129
Roy D. Bridges, Jr. — STS-51-F
Curtis Brown — STS-47, STS-66, STS-77, STS-85, STS-95, STS-103
David McDowell Brown (1956–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107
Mark N. Brown — STS-28, STS-48
James Buchli — STS-51-C, STS-61-A, STS-29, STS-48
Jay C. Buckey — STS-90
Daniel C. Burbank^ — STS-106, STS-115, Soyuz TMA-22
Daniel W. Bursch — STS-51, STS-68, STS-77, STS-108, STS-111
C
Robert D. Cabana — STS-41, STS-53, STS-65, STS-88
Charles Camarda — STS-114
Kenneth D. Cameron — STS-37, STS-56, STS-74
Duane G. Carey — STS-109
Scott Carpenter (1925-2013) — Mercury 7
Gerald P. Carr — Skylab 4
Sonny Carter (1947–1991) — STS-33
John Casper — STS-36, STS-54, STS-62, STS-77
Christopher Cassidy — STS-127
Robert J. Cenker — STS-61-C
Gene Cernan (1934-2017) — Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo 17
Gregory Chamitoff* — STS-124/126, STS-134
Franklin Chang-Diaz* — STS-61-C, STS-34, STS-46, STS-60, STS-75, STS-91, STS-111
Kalpana Chawla* (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-87, STS-107
Leroy Chiao — STS-65, STS-72, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-5
Kevin P. Chilton — STS-49, STS-59, STS-76
Laurel Clark (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107
Mary L. Cleave — STS-61-B, STS-30
Michael R. Clifford — STS-53, STS-59, STS-76
Michael Coats — STS-41-D, STS-29, STS-39
Kenneth Cockrell — STS-56, STS-69, STS-80, STS-98, STS-111
Catherine Coleman — STS-73, STS-93, Soyuz TMA-20
Eileen Collins — STS-63, STS-84, STS-93, STS-114
Michael Collins* — Gemini 10, Apollo 11
Pete Conrad (1930-1999) — Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, Skylab 2
Gordon Cooper (1927–2004), the first American to fly in space for a day and first person to go into orbit twice — Mercury 9, Gemini 5
Richard O. Covey — STS-51-I, STS-26, STS-38, STS-61
Timothy Creamer — Soyuz TMA-17
John Oliver Creighton — STS-51-G, STS-36, STS-48
Robert Crippen, flew on first Space Shuttle mission — STS-1, STS-7, STS-41-C, STS-41-G
Roger K. Crouch — STS-83, STS-94
Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. — STS-38, STS-51, STS-105/108
Walter Cunningham — Apollo 7
Robert Curbeam — STS-85, STS-98, STS-116
Nancy Currie — STS-57, STS-70, STS-88, STS-109
D
Jan Davis — STS-47, STS-60, STS-85
Lawrence J. DeLucas — STS-50
B. Alvin Drew — STS-118, STS-133
Brian Duffy — STS-45, STS-57, STS-72, STS-92
Charles Moss Duke, Jr. — Apollo 16
Bonnie J. Dunbar — STS-61-A, STS-32, STS-50, STS-71, STS-89
Samuel T. Durrance — STS-35, STS-67
James Dutton — STS-131
Tracy Caldwell Dyson — STS-118, Soyuz TMA-18
E
Joe F. Edwards, Jr. — STS-89
Donn F. Eisele (1930–1987) — Apollo 7
Anthony W. England — STS-51-F
Joseph Henry Engle — STS-2, STS-51-I
Ronald Evans (1933–1990) — Apollo 17
F
John M. Fabian — STS-7, STS-51-G
Christopher Ferguson — STS-115, STS-126, STS-135
Martin J. Fettman — STS-58
Andrew J. Feustel — STS-125, STS-134
Michael Fincke — Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-13, STS-134
Anna Lee Fisher — STS-51-A
William Frederick Fisher — STS-51-I
Michael Foale* — STS-45, STS-56, STS-63, STS-84/86, STS-103, Soyuz TMA-3
Kevin A. Ford — STS-128, Soyuz TMA-06M
Michael Foreman — STS-123, STS-129
Patrick G. Forrester — STS-105, STS-117, STS-128
Michael E. Fossum — STS-121, STS-124, Soyuz TMA-02M
Stephen Frick — STS-110, STS-122
C. Gordon Fullerton (1936-2013) — STS-3, STS-51-F
G
F. Drew Gaffney — STS-40
Ronald J. Garan, Jr. — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-21
Dale Gardner — STS-8, STS-51-A
Guy Gardner — STS-27, STS-35
Jake Garn, ex-U. S. Senator, first politician in space — STS-51-D
Owen K. Garriott — Skylab 3, STS-9
Charles D. Gemar — STS-38, STS-48, STS-62
Michael L. Gernhardt — STS-69, STS-83, STS-94, STS-104
Edward Gibson — Skylab 4
Robert L. Gibson — STS-41-B, STS-61-C, STS-27, STS-47, STS-71
John Glenn (1921-2016), first American in Earth orbit, U.S. Senator, and oldest person to make a spaceflight — Mercury 6, STS-95
Linda M. Godwin — STS-37, STS-59, STS-76, STS-108
Michael T. Good — STS-125, STS-132
Richard F. Gordon, Jr. — Gemini 11, Apollo 12
Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie — STS-91, STS-99, STS-108, STS-123
Ronald J. Grabe — STS-51-J, STS-30, STS-42, STS-57
Frederick D. Gregory — STS-51-B, STS-33, STS-44
William G. Gregory — STS-67
S. David Griggs (1939–1989) — STS-51-D
Gus Grissom (1926–1967) First person to go into space twice. — Gemini 3. Also flew suborbitally in Mercury 4. Died in the Apollo 1 launchpad fire
John M. Grunsfeld — STS-67, STS-81, STS-103, STS-109, STS-125
Sidney M. Gutierrez — STS-40, STS-59
H
Fred Haise — Apollo 13
James D. Halsell — STS-65, STS-74, STS-83, STS-94, STS-101
Kenneth Ham — STS-124, STS-132
L. Blaine Hammond — STS-39, STS-64
Gregory J. Harbaugh — STS-39, STS-54, STS-71, STS-82
Bernard A. Harris, Jr., first African-American to walk in space. — STS-55, STS-63
Terry Hart — STS-41-C
Henry Hartsfield — STS-4, STS-41-D, STS-61-A
Frederick Hauck — STS-7, STS-51-A, STS-26
Steven Hawley — STS-41-D, STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-82, STS-93
Susan J. Helms — STS-54, STS-64, STS-78, STS-101, STS-102/105
Karl Gordon Henize (1926–1993) — STS-51-F
Thomas J. Hennen — STS-44
Terence T. Henricks — STS-44, STS-55, STS-70, STS-78
José Hernández — STS-128
John Herrington, first Native American in space. — STS-113
Richard Hieb — STS-39, STS-49, STS-65
Joan Higginbotham — STS-116
David C. Hilmers — STS-51-J, STS-26, STS-36, STS-42
Kathryn P. Hire — STS-90, STS-130
Charles O. Hobaugh — STS-104, STS-108, STS-129
Jeffrey A. Hoffman — STS-51-D, STS-35, STS-46, STS-61, STS-75
Michael S. Hopkins — Soyuz TMA-10M
Scott J. Horowitz — STS-75, STS-82, STS-101, STS-105
Millie Hughes-Fulford, first female Payload Specialist — STS-40
Douglas G. Hurley — STS-127, STS-135
Rick Husband (1957–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-96, STS-107
I
James Irwin (1930–1991) — Apollo 15
Marsha Ivins — STS-32, STS-46, STS-62, STS-81, STS-98
J
Mae Jemison, first African-American woman in space — STS-47
Tamara E. Jernigan — STS-40, STS-52, STS-67, STS-80, STS-96
Brent W. Jett, Jr. — STS-72, STS-81, STS-97, STS-115
Gregory C. Johnson — STS-125
Gregory H. Johnson* — STS-123, STS-134
Thomas David Jones — STS-59, STS-68, STS-80, STS-98
K
Janet L. Kavandi — STS-91, STS-99, STS-104
James M. Kelly — STS-102, STS-114
Mark E. Kelly — STS-108, STS-121, STS-124, STS-134
Scott J. Kelly — STS-103, STS-118, Soyuz TMA-01M, Soyuz TMA-16M
Joseph P. Kerwin — Skylab 2
Robert S. Kimbrough — STS-126, Soyuz MS-02
Timothy L. Kopra — STS-127/128, Soyuz TMA-19M
Kevin R. Kregel — STS-70, STS-78, STS-87, STS-99
L
Wendy B. Lawrence — STS-67, STS-86, STS-91, STS-114
Mark C. Lee — STS-30, STS-47, STS-64, STS-82
David Leestma — STS-41-G, STS-28, STS-45
William B. Lenoir (1939-2010) — STS-5
Frederick W. Leslie* — STS-73
Byron Lichtenberg, first NASA Payload Specialist. — STS-9, STS-45
Don L. Lind — STS-51-B
Kjell N. Lindgren* — Soyuz TMA-17M
Steven W. Lindsey — STS-87, STS-95, STS-104, STS-121, STS-133
Jerry M. Linenger — STS-64, STS-81/84
Richard M. Linnehan — STS-78, STS-90, STS-109, STS-123
Gregory Linteris — STS-83, STS-94
Paul Lockhart — STS-111, STS-113
Michael Lopez-Alegria* — STS-73, STS-92, STS-113, Soyuz TMA-9
John M. Lounge — STS-51-I, STS-26, STS-35
Jack R. Lousma — Skylab 3, STS-3
Stanley G. Love — STS-122
Jim Lovell — Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8, Apollo 13
G. David Low (1956–2008) — STS-32, STS-43, STS-57
Ed Lu — STS-84, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2
Shannon Lucid* — STS-51-G, STS-34, STS-43, STS-58, STS-76/79
M
Sandra Magnus — STS-112, STS-126/119, STS-135
Thomas Marshburn — STS-127, Soyuz TMA-07M
Michael Massimino — STS-109, STS-125
Richard Mastracchio — STS-106, STS-118, STS-131, Soyuz TMA-11M
Ken Mattingly — Apollo 16, STS-4, STS-51-C
K. Megan McArthur — STS-125
William S. McArthur — STS-58, STS-74, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-7
Jon McBride — STS-41-G
Bruce McCandless II — STS-41-B, STS-31
William C. McCool (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107
Michael J. McCulley — STS-34
James McDivitt — Gemini 4, Apollo 9
Donald R. McMonagle — STS-39, STS-54, STS-66
Ronald McNair (1950–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-B
Carl J. Meade — STS-38, STS-50, STS-64
Bruce E. Melnick — STS-41, STS-49
Pamela Melroy — STS-92, STS-112, STS-120
Leland D. Melvin — STS-122, STS-129
Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger — STS-131
Edgar Mitchell (1930–2016) — Apollo 14
Barbara Morgan — STS-118
Lee M.E. Morin — STS-110
Richard Mullane — STS-41-D, STS-27, STS-36
Story Musgrave — STS-6, STS-51-F, STS-33, STS-44, STS-61, STS-80
N
Steven R. Nagel — STS-51-G, STS-61-A, STS-37, STS-55
George Nelson — STS-41-C, STS-61-C, STS-26
Bill Nelson — STS-61-C
James H. Newman* — STS-51, STS-69, STS-88, STS-109
Carlos I. Noriega* — STS-84, STS-97
Lisa Nowak — STS-121
Karen L. Nyberg — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-09M
O
Bryan D. O'Connor — STS-61-B, STS-40
Ellen Ochoa, first Hispanic woman in space — STS-56, STS-66, STS-96, STS-110
William Oefelein — STS-116
John D. Olivas — STS-117, STS-128
Ellison Onizuka (1946–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-51-C
Stephen S. Oswald — STS-42, STS-56, STS-67
Robert F. Overmyer (1936–1996) — STS-5, STS-51-B
P
William Pailes — STS-51-J
Scott E. Parazynski — STS-66, STS-86, STS-95, STS-100, STS-120
Ronald A. Parise (1951–2008) — STS-35, STS-67
Robert A. Parker — STS-9, STS-35
Nicholas Patrick* — STS-116, STS-130
James Pawelczyk — STS-90
Gary Payton — STS-51-C
Donald H. Peterson — STS-6
Donald Pettit — STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1, STS-126, Soyuz TMA-03M
John L. Phillips — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-6, STS-119
William R. Pogue — Skylab 4
Alan G. Poindexter (1961-2012) — STS-122, STS-131
Mark L. Polansky — STS-98, STS-116, STS-127
Charles J. Precourt — STS-55, STS-71, STS-84, STS-91
R
William F. Readdy — STS-42, STS-51, STS-79
Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. — STS-48, STS-60
James F. Reilly — STS-89, STS-104, STS-117
Garrett Reisman — STS-123/124, STS-132
Judith Resnik (1949–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-D
Paul W. Richards — STS-102
Richard N. Richards — STS-28, STS-41, STS-50, STS-64
Sally Ride (1951-2012), first American woman in space — STS-7, STS-41-G
Stephen Robinson — STS-85, STS-95, STS-114, STS-130
Kent Rominger — STS-73, STS-80, STS-85, STS-96, STS-100
Stuart Roosa (1933–1994) — Apollo 14
Jerry L. Ross — STS-61-B, STS-27, STS-37, STS-55, STS-74, STS-88, STS-110
Kathleen Rubins — Soyuz MS-01
Mario Runco, Jr. — STS-44, STS-54, STS-77
S
Albert Sacco — STS-73
Robert Satcher ‚ STS-129
Wally Schirra (1923–2007) — Mercury 8, Gemini 6A, Apollo 7
Harrison Schmitt (The last,12th man, who arrive and set foot on the Moon)— Apollo 17
Rusty Schweickart — Apollo 9
Dick Scobee (1939–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-C
David Scott — Gemini 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 15
Winston E. Scott — STS-72, STS-87
Paul D. Scully-Power* — STS-41-G
Richard A. Searfoss — STS-58, STS-76, STS-90
Margaret Rhea Seddon — STS-51-D, STS-40, STS-58
Ronald Sega — STS-60, STS-76
Piers Sellers* (1955–2016) — STS-112, STS-121, STS-132
Brewster H. Shaw — STS-9, STS-61-B, STS-28
Alan Shepard (1923–1998), first American in space — Apollo 14. Also flew suborbitally in Mercury 3.
William Shepherd — STS-27, STS-41, STS-52, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102
Nancy Sherlock – see
Nancy Currie
Loren Shriver — STS-51-C, STS-31, STS-46
Deke Slayton (1924–1993) — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Steven Smith — STS-68, STS-82, STS-103, STS-110
Sherwood C. Spring — STS-61-B
Robert C. Springer — STS-29, STS-38
Thomas Patten Stafford — Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper — STS-115, STS-126
Robert L. Stewart — STS-41-B, STS-51-J
Susan Still — STS-83, STS-94
Nicole P. Stott — STS-128/129, STS-133
Frederick Sturckow — STS-88, STS-105, STS-117, STS-128
Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan, first American woman to walk in space — STS-41-G, STS-31, STS-45
Steven Swanson — STS-117, STS-119
John "Jack" Swigert (1931–1982) — Apollo 13
T
Daniel Tani — STS-108, STS-120/122
Joseph R. Tanner — STS-66, STS-82, STS-97, STS-115
Norman Thagard — STS-7, STS-51-B, STS-30, STS-42, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
Andy Thomas* — STS-77, STS-89, STS-91, STS-102, STS-114
Donald A. Thomas — STS-65, STS-70, STS-83, STS-94
Kathryn C. Thornton, first woman to make multiple EVAs — STS-33, STS-49, STS-61, STS-73
William E. Thornton — STS-8, STS-51-B
Pierre Thuot — STS-36, STS-49, STS-62
Eugene Trinh* — STS-50
Richard H. Truly — STS-2, STS-8
V
Lodewijk van den Berg* — STS-51-B
James van Hoften — STS-41-C, STS-51-I
Charles Veach (1944–1995) — STS-39, STS-52
Terry Virts — STS-130, Soyuz TMA-15M
James S. Voss — STS-44, STS-53, STS-69, STS-101, STS-102/105
Janice E. Voss (1956-2012) — STS-57, STS-63, STS-83, STS-94, STS-99
W
Rex J. Walheim — STS-110, STS-122, STS-135
Charles Walker — STS-41-D, STS-51-D, STS-61-B
David M. Walker (1944–2001) — STS-51-A, STS-30, STS-53, STS-69
Shannon Walker — Soyuz TMA-19
Carl Walz — STS-51, STS-65, STS-79, STS-108/111
Taylor Wang* — STS-51-B
Mary E. Weber — STS-70, STS-101
Paul J. Weitz — Skylab 2, STS-6
Jim Wetherbee — STS-32, STS-52, STS-63, STS-86, STS-102, STS-113
Douglas H. Wheelock — STS-120, Soyuz TMA-19
Edward Higgins White (1930–1967), first American to perform an EVA. Died in the Apollo 1 disaster — Gemini 4
Peggy Whitson, holds the American record for time spent in space — STS-111/113, Soyuz TMA-11
Terrence Wilcutt — STS-68, STS-79, STS-89, STS-106
Donald Williams — STS-51-D, STS-34
Jeffrey Williams — STS-101, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-20M
Sunita Williams, holder of the women's spaceflight record — STS-116/117, Soyuz TMA-05M
Barry E. Wilmore — STS-129, Soyuz TMA-14M
Stephanie Wilson — STS-121, STS-120, STS-131
Gregory R. Wiseman — Soyuz TMA-13M
Peter Wisoff — STS-57, STS-68, STS-81, STS-92
David Wolf — STS-58, STS-86/89, STS-112, STS-127
Alfred Worden — Apollo 15
Y
John Young — Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, STS-1, STS-9
Z
George D. Zamka — STS-120, STS-130
- William Anders, born in Hong Kong to American parents.
- Gregory Chamitoff, born in Montreal, Canada.
- Michael Collins, born in Rome, Italy to American parents.
- Richard Garriott, born in Cambridge, England.
- Gregory H. Johnson, born in South Ruislip, England.
- Frederick W. Leslie, born in Ancón, Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).
- Kjell N. Lindgren, born in Taipei, Taiwan.
- Shannon Lucid, born in Shanghai, China (then under Japanese rule) to American parents.
- James H. Newman, born in the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (now Micronesia).
- Anousheh Ansari, born in Mashhad, Iran. First Iranian-American in space. Fourth space tourist and first female space tourist.
- Franklin Chang-Diaz, born in San José, Costa Rica. First Costa Rican-American in space.
- Kalpana Chawla, born in Karnal, India, (1961–2003). First Indian-American in space.
- Michael Foale, born in Louth, England, dual British and American citizen.
- Michael Lopez-Alegria, born in Madrid, Spain.
- Carlos I. Noriega, born in Lima, Peru. First Peruvian-born person in space.
- Nicholas Patrick, born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, England, dual UK-US citizen.
- Paul Scully-Power, born in Sydney, Australia.
- Piers Sellers, born in Crowborough, England, dual UK-US citizen.
- Charles Simonyi, born in Budapest, Hungary. Fifth space tourist.
- Andrew Thomas, born in Adelaide, Australia.
- Eugene Trinh, born in Saigon, State of Vietnam (now Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). First Vietnamese-American in space.
- Lodewijk van den Berg, born in Sluiskil, the Netherlands.
- Taylor Wang, born in Shanghai, China. First Chinese American in space.
- Phạm Tuân (Intercosmos), first Vietnamese and first Asian in space. — Soyuz 37/36