Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty
The Mamluk Dynasty or Slave Dynasty, directed into India by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a Turkish general of Central Asian birth, was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule India's Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290. Aibak's tenure as a Ghorid administrator ranged between 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led invasions into the Gangetic heartland of India and established control over some of the new areas.
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Khilji dynasty
The Khilji (or Khalji; Persian: سلطنت خلجی - Sulṭanat-e Khaljī; Hindi: सलतनत ख़िलजी) was a dynasty of Turkish origin[2] who ruled large parts of South Asia from 1290 - 1320.[3] They were the second Muslim dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India. Led by their powerful ruler, Ala-ud-din Khilji, they are noted in history for repeatedly defeating the warring Mongols.
Tughluq dynasty
The Tughluq dynasty (Persian: سلسلہ تغلق) of north India started in 1321 in Delhi when Ghazi Tughluq assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq. The Tughluqs were a Muslim family of Turkic origin. Their rule relied on their alliances with Turkic, Afghan, and other Muslim warriors from outside South Asia.
Sayyid Dynasty
The Sayyid dynasty ruled Delhi sultanate in India from 1414 to 1451. They succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled that sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty.
This family claimed to be Sayyids, or descendants of Muhammad. The central authority of the Delhi Sultanate had been fatally weakened by the successive invasion of Timur (Tamerlane) and his sack of Delhi in 1398. After a period of chaos, when no central authority prevailed, the Sayyids gained power in Delhi. They remained a vassal of the Timuroids of Central Asia. Their 37-year period of dominance witnessed the rule of four different members of the dynasty.
Lodi dynasty
Lodi dynasty (Pashto: د لوديانو واکمني) was a Ghilzai Afghan dynasty, who ruled over the Delhi Sultanate during its last phase. The dynasty was founded by Bahlol Khan Lodi (the Governor of the Punjab he had origins or was from an Afghan tribe ) ruled from 1451 to 1526. The last ruler of this dynasty, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated and killed by Babur in the first Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526.