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List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia

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List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia


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List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia, List of ancient cities in Illyria, List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

This article lists rulers of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek up to the point of its fall to the Roman empire, with a few figures from Greek mythology.

Contents

Mythological

  • Haemus, became a mountain Haemus Mons
  • Thrax, son of Ares
  • Tegyrios, mortal
  • Eumolpus, inherited a kingdom from Tegyrios
  • Oeagrus, father of Orpheus and Linus
  • Orpheus of the Cicones
  • Tereus, the king that was turned into a hoopoe
  • Phineus, Phoenician son of Agenor, blind king and seer
  • Poltys, son of Poseidon
  • Pyreneus, died trying to harm the Muses
  • Harpalykos, king of the Amymnaeans
  • Thoas, founder of Thoana
  • Mopsus, killed Myrine, an amazon queen
  • Peirous, a Thracian war leader killed by Thoas the Aetolian
  • Rhesus of Thrace, died in the Trojan war
  • Cisseus, father of Theano, the wife of Antenor
  • Diomedes of Thrace, Giant that ruled over the Bistones
  • Lycurgus, of the Edoni
  • Polymestor of the Bistonians
  • Zalmoxis of the Getae "This Zalmoxis lived many years before Pythagoras (569–475 BC)" Herodotus [55]
  • Charnabon of the Getae, who came into power when grain was first given to men mentioned by Sophocles
  • Pyraechmes of the Paeonians
  • Asteropaios of the Paeonians

    • Persian

  • Darius I, Persian Satrapy named Skudra by 516 BC
  • Darius I, Thrace is resubjucated by Mardonius at 492 BC
  • Xerxes I, retains Thrace from 486 BC to 479 BC

    • Tribal kings

  • Olorus, 5th century BC
  • Syrmus, king of the Triballi 4th century BC
  • Bergaios, petty king of Pangaeum
  • Dromichaetes, of the Getae 300 BC
  • Langarus, of the Agrianes
  • Pleuratus, a Thracian or Illyrian king that attacked Tylis 213–208 BC
  • Diegylis, chieftain of the Caeni extremely bloodthirsty 145 BC
  • Ziselmius, Diegylis' son
  • Mostis, of the Caeni, king ~130–90 BC
  • Abrupolis of the Sapaeans, 2nd century BC
  • Rabocentus of the Bessi mentioned by Cicero
  • Cosingas, chieftain and priest of Hera to the tribes of Cebrenii and Sucaeboae
  • Getas, king of the Edones

    • Getic and Dacian

    Herodotus called the Getae "the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes."

  • Charnabon, king currently ruling over the Getae as mentioned by Sophocles in Triptolem - 5th century BC
  • Cothelas, father of Meda of Odessa – 4th century BC
  • Rex Histrianorum, ruler in Histria, mentioned by Trogus Pompeius and Justinus - 339 BC
  • Dual – 3rd century BC
  • Moskon – 3rd century BC
  • Dromichaetes – 3rd century BC
  • Zalmodegicus – around 200 BC
  • Rhemaxos – around 200 BC
  • Rubobostes – around 200 BC
  • Zoltes - 200 BC
  • Oroles – 2nd century BC
  • Dicomes – 1st century BC
  • Rholes – 1st century BC
  • Dapyx – 1st century BC
  • Zyraxes – 1st century BC
  • Burebista – 82–44 BC
  • Deceneus – 44 BC - around 27 BC High Priest
  • Thiamarkos - 1st century BC - 1st century AD, Dacian king (inscription "Basileys Thiamarkos epoiei")
  • Cotiso – c. 40 BC - c.9 BC
  • Comosicus – 9 BC–30 AD
  • Scorilo – c.30–70 AD
  • Coson
  • Duras – c. 69–87
  • Decebalus – 87–106
  • 106 AD, Dacia becomes a province of the Roman Empire conquered by Trajan.
  • Pieporus, king of Dacian Costoboci – 2nd century AD (inscription)
  • Tarbus – 2nd century AD. Dio Cassius mentioned him without specifying his origin. Some authors consider a possible Dacian ethnicity
  • Regalianus - died 260 AD

    • Paeonian

  • See: List of Paeonian kings

    • Celtic

  • Cerethrius
  • Critasirus, a Celt
  • Cavarus, the last king of Tylis
  • Bathanatos of the Scordisci

    • Macedonian

  • Philip II of Macedon, annexed Thrace, 341–336 BC
  • Alexander the Great retains Thrace and suppresses rebellion, 335–323 BC
  • Lysimachus, one of the Diadochi, includes Thrace in his kingdom, 323–281 BC
  • Philip V of Macedon controls all cities of Thrace up to the hellespont, 238–179 BC
  • Perseus of Macedon continues controlling the part of Thrace his father left him, 212–166 BC

    • Odrysae

    The list below includes the known Odrysian kings of Thrace, but much of it is conjectural. Various other Thracian kings (some of them perhaps Odrysian like Pleuratus) are included as well. Odrysian kings though called Kings of Thrace never exercised sovereignty over all of Thrace. Control varied according to tribal relationships. Odrysian kings(names are presented in Greek or Latin forms):

  • Teres I, son of Odryses, (480/450/430 BC)
  • Sparatocos, brother or son of Teres I (450 /431 - 430 BC)
  • Sitalces, son of Teres I (431-424 BC)
  • Sadocos, son of Sitalces (425-424 BC)
  • Seuthes I, nephew/son of Sparatocos (424-396 BC)
  • Metokos/Amatokos I, son of Sitalkes
  • Amadocus I, son of Teres or Metokos (410–390 BC)
  • Seuthes II, son of Maisades, Sparatokos, or grandson of Teres I, king in southern districts (405-391 BC)
  • Hebryzelmis, son of Seuthes I or brother (390–384 BC)
  • Maisades, father of Seuthes II (390-384 BC)
  • Cotys I, son of Seuthes II (384–359 BC)
  • Cersobleptes, son of Cotys I, king in eastern Thrace (359-341 BC)
  • Berisades, probable brother of Cersobleptes or a grandson of Seuthes I, king in western Thrace in Strimos (359-352 BC)
  • Amatokos II, brother of Cersobleptes, king in central Thrace in Chersonese and Maroneia (359-351 BC)
  • Cetriporis, son of Berisades, king in western Thrace in Strimos (358-347 BC)
  • Skostodokos, son of Berisades, king in western Thrace in Strimos (c. 351 BC)
  • Teres II, son of Amatokos II, king in central Thrace in Chersonese & Maroneia (351-342 BC)
  • Seuthes III, son of Cotys I (341–300 BC)
  • Cotys II, son of Seuthes III (300–280 BC)
  • Raizdos/Roigos, son of Cotys II (c. 280 BC)
  • Odoroes, alternative co-ruler (c. 280-273 BC)
  • Adaeus, alternative co-ruler (c. 280-273 BC)
  • Scostodos, son of Berisades, alternative co-ruler (c. 275 BC)
  • Orsoaltios, alternative co-ruler (c. 265 BC)
  • Kersivaulos, alternative co-ruler (c. 260 BC)
  • Cotys III, son of Raizdos (c. 260 BC)
  • Teres III, (c. 250 BC)
  • Rhescuporis I, son of Cotys III (240-215 BC)
  • Adaios, alternative co-ruler (c. 235 BC)
  • Seuthes IV, son of Rhescuporis I or of Teres III (213/215-190/175 BC)
  • Pleuratus, alternative co-ruler (213-208 BC)
  • Amatokos III (until 184 BC)
  • Abrupolis, Sapei king (200 - 172 BC)
  • Teres IV, son of Amatokos III, or of Seuthes III (183-172 BC)
  • Teres V (172-148 BC)
  • Cotys IV, son of Seuthes IV (180/170 - 168/160 BC)
  • Diagil / Diygyles / Diygyles / Diegylos / Dyegilos / Diagylis / Tsizelmi (168/150 - 140 BC or 180 BC)
  • Biz / Byzas / Byses / Beithys / Tsizelmi (168/166 BC or 148/146 BC or 180 BC)
  • Sothimes (c. 163 BC)
  • Teres VI (c. 149 BC)
  • Amatokos IV, rebel (80 - 90 BC)

    • Restored Astaean and Sapean kingdom

  • Cotys I, Cotys V, son of Beithys (100 - 87 BC)
  • Sadalas I, son of Cotys V (87–79 BC)
  • Cotys VI, son of Sadalas I (79–45 BC)
  • Cotys ? (55-48 BC)
  • Rhescuporis I (48-42 BC)
  • Cotys ?, son of Rhescuporis (42-31 BC)
  • Sadalas II, son of Cotys VI (44–42 BC)
  • Raskos, co-ruler (c. 42 BC)
  • Sadalas III, son of Sadalas II (c. 31 BC)
  • Cotys VII, son of Sadalas II (31–18 BC)
  • Rhescuporis II, son of Cotys VII, north-west Sapei king (19/18–12/11 BC)
  • Cotys VIII (c. 11 BC)
  • Rhoemetalces I, uncle of Roman emperor Augustus and son of Cotys (31/11 BC – AD 12)
  • Cotys ? , son of Rhoemetalces, south-east Sapei king(12 - 19 AD)
  • Rhoemetalces II, son of Raskouporis II (19 - 38 AD)
  • Rhoemetalces III, son of Cotys (38 - 46 AD)
  • Pythodoris II, co-ruling wife and cousin (38 - 46 AD)

    • Scythian

  • Spargapeithes, king of the Agathyrsi

    • Sapaean

  • Cotys I, son of Rhoemetalces, ?–48 BC
  • Rhescuporis I, son of Cotys I, 48 BC–41 BC
  • Cotys II, son of Rhescuporis I, 42 BC–15
  • Thrace becomes a client state of Rome at 11 BC
  • Rhoemetalces I, son of Cotys II, 15 BC–12
  • Rhescuporis II, son of Cotys II, in western Thrace, deposed, 12–19
  • Cotys III, son of Rhoemetalces I, in eastern Thrace, 12–19
  • Rhoemetalces II, son of Cotys III and Tryphaena, 19–38
  • Rhoemetalces III, son of Rhescuporis II, with his cousin-wife Pythodoris II 38–46
  • 46 annexation by the Roman Empire, by Roman Emperor Claudius

    • References

    List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA