List of pre modern Iranian scientists and scholars

A

Abdol-Hamid (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa

Abhari (?–1262/1265), mathematician

Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar

Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar

Abu Nasr-e Mansur (c. 960–1036), mathematician

Abu Said Gorgani (9th century)

Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani (940–998), mathematician

'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron

Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician

Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist

Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia

Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician

Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer

Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar

Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician

Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician

Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician

Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician

Astarabadi (15th century), physician

Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian

Albubather, physician and astrologer

Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician

Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher

Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

Abu al-Jud, mathematician

B

Bahmanyār, philosopher

Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar

Bahai, Sheikh (1547–1621), poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih (religious scientist), and architect

Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian

Abu Maʿshar (787–886), a.k.a. Albumasar, mathematician

Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician

Balkhi, Ibn, geographer

Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)

Khalid ibn Barmak (705–782), Buddhist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom

Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian

Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar

Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith

Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian

Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum

Al-Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician

Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar

Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician

Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur

Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia

Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician

Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician

Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur

al-Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician

Muhammad Bal'ami, historian

Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician

Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

D

Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath

Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian

E

Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

F

Farghani (?–880), a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer

Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher

Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī (1267–1319), mathematician

Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer

Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer

Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian

Firishta (1560-1620), historian

Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer

Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer

G

Gardezi, Abu Said (?–1061), geographer and historian

Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher

Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician

Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer

Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician

Abu Said Gorgani (9th century), astronomer and mathematician

Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician

Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

H

Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician

Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician

Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician

Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar

Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher

Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher

Hanbal, Ahmad Ibn (780–855), Islamic scholar

Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty

Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist

Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (died 1542), physician

Harawi, Ali (died 1215), traveller

Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician

Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer

Ibn Hindu, (1019-1032), man of letter, physician

Haji Bektash Veli, mystic

Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician

Haseb Tabari, astronomer

Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar

I

Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple

Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer

Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer

Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil

Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician

Isfahani Abol-fath (10th century), mathematician

Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician

Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician

Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician

Estakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills

Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Muhammad Zakaria Razi

Al-Isfizari (11th-12th century), mathematician and astronomer

J

Jabir ibn Hayyan (721–815), polymath, considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science

Jaghmini (14th century), physician

Jaldaki (?–1342), physician

Juvayni (1226–1283), historian

Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian

Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician

Jamal al-Din, astronomer

Jamasp, philosopher

Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800-860), geometer

K

Karaji (953–1029), mathematician

Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), mathematician

Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian

Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician

Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician

Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar

Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist

Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer

Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician

Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician

Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer

Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher

Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer

Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer

Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)

Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 886/1481), mathematician, astronomer

Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

M

Mahani (9th century), mathematician

Muhammad Baqir Yazdi (17th century), he gave the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056

Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician

Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher

Masawaiyh (777–857), or Masuya

Mashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad

Mirza Ali Hakim (17th century), physician

Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher

Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician

Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer

Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher

Ibn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid

bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer

bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer

bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer

Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar

Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran

Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar

N

Nagawri (14th century), physician

Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar

Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer

Nakhshabi (14th century), physician

Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet

Nasavi (c. 1010–c. 1075), mathematician

Natili Tabari (10th century), physician

Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad

Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronmer

Nawbakhty (4th century), Islamic scholar, philosopher

Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet

Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar

Nayrizi (865–1022), mathematician

Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher

Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholar

Nurbakhshi (16th century), physician

Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian

Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector

Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer

Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

P

Paul the Persian (6th century), philosopher

Q

Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician

Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian

Qumri (10th century), physician

Ali Qushji (1403 – 16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician

Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar

Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar

Qushayri, Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin (986–1074), philosopher

Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

R

Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer

Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin (1149–1209), philosopher

Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (854–932), chemist and physicist

Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic

Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273)

Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician

Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher

S

Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher

Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer

Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer

Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician

Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician

Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer

Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar

Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller

Shahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religions

Shahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physician

Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar

Shaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholar

Ibn Babawayh (923–991), theologian

Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist

Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician

Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician

Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician

Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician

Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer

Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician

Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician

Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician

Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian

Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician

Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician

Soleiman ibn Hasan (17th century), physician

Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring

Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer

Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher

Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher

‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar

Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian

Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician

Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet

Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher

Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

T

Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar

Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian

Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect

Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician

Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes

Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician

Taftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguist

Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist

Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar

Tunakabuni (17th century), physician

Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician

Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), the great vizier

Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), mathematician, philosopher

Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar

U

Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (c. 1216 – 1294 AD), musician

Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

V

Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

W

Waqidi (748–822), historian

Wassaf, historian

Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

Y

Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (?–796), mathematician and astronomer

Nazif ibn Yumn (?–990), mathematician

Yunus ibn Habib, linguist

Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar

Yunus Al-Katib Al-Mughanni, musician

Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

Z

Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer

Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist

Zayn-e-Attar (?–c. 1403), physician