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The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event featuring both summer and winter sports, held every two years with Summer and Winter Olympic Games alternating. During Olympic Games opening ceremonies, the sitting president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will make a speech before inviting a representative from the host country to officially declare that particular Games open. The current Olympic Charter requires this person to be the head of state of the host country, although this has not always been the case. This article lists the people who have had the ceremonial duty to declare each Olympic Games open.
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Opening ceremony
The IOC factsheet on the opening ceremony states: "According to the Olympic Charter protocol, the duty of declaring the Games officially open falls to the head of state of the host country. Those who have performed this task are royalty and presidents, or their representatives, whether it was a vice-president, a member of the royal family, or a governor-general". Rule 56 of Chapter 5 of the Olympic Charter sets out the exact words that are to be declared by the person opening the Games. If at a Summer Olympic Games, the words to be said are:
I declare open the Games of [name of host city] celebrating the [number of the Olympiad] Olympiad of the modern era.
When at a Winter Olympic Games, the dignitary opening the Games is to proclaim:
I declare open the [number of the Olympic Winter Games] Olympic Winter Games of [name of host city].
However, this has not always been followed strictly; at the 2010 Winter Olympics the Governor General of Canada, Michaƫlle Jean, used the format of a Summer Games declaration to open the Games by saying "I declare open the Games of Vancouver, celebrating the 21st Winter Olympic Games."
I declare open the Olympic Games of 1976, celebrating the XXI Olympiad of the modern era.
Dear Mr. President of International Olympic Committee! Athletes of the world! Dear guests! Comrades! I declare open the Olympic Games of 1980, celebrating the XXII Olympiad of the modern era.
Celebrating the XXIII Olympiad of the modern era, I declare open the Olympic Games of Los Angeles.
(Speaking in Catalan): Welcome all to Barcelona! (Then speaking in Spanish): Today, 25 July of the Year 1992, I declare... (then the standard formula followed).
On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation..., then the standard opening formula.
On behalf of the 29th Olympiad, I officially declare these Olympic Games of Beijing ... open.
After this wonderful performance..., then the standard opening formula.
Dignitaries who have opened the Olympic Games
Notes: