List of nations mentioned in the Bible

B

Babylon (Books of Kings II 21:12, 24:1, etc.)

E

Egypt (various times)
Ethiopia (referred to by the Hebrew name Kush)

G

Germany (referred to by the Hebrew name Ashkenaz)
Gog (various times, mainly in prophecies)

I

India (Book of Esther 1:1 and 8:9)
Iran (aka Persia)
Iraq (Babylon, Land of Ur)
Israel (various times)
Italy (various times)

L

Lebanon (various times, mainly referring to the famous cedars)
Libya (Ezekiel 30:5 and 38:5, Acts 2:10)

M

Macedonia
Malta (Paul shipwrecked on the coast of Malta, An important island in the Mediterranean Sea (Acts 28:1-10)

S

Spain (Romans 15:24, 28)
Syria (referred to by its capital, Damascus)
Sudan

T

Turkey (Asia Minor)