List of metropolitan areas that overlap multiple countries

Africa

Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, lies directly across the Congo River from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gisenyi, Rwanda

Livingstone, Zambia, and Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe

City of Lomé, the capital of Togo, extends over the border to Ghana

Asia

Aqaba, Jordan; Eilat, Israel; and Taba, Egypt

Tel Aviv, Israel metropolitan area covers an area of the West Bank that includes Israeli as well as Palestinian towns.

Jerusalem, Israel metropolitan area covers an area of the West Bank that includes Israeli as well as Palestinian towns.

Al Ain, UAE and Al Buraimi, Oman

Dibba Al-Fujairah,UAE and Dibba Al-Baya, Oman

Astara, Iran and Astara, Azerbaijan in coast of the Caspian sea

Vientiane, the capital of Laos, spills over the Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge (Saphan Mittaphap) to Nong Khai province, Thailand

Singapore together with Johor Bahru in Malaysia and Batam, Bintan, and Great Karimun in Indonesia, also called the Sijori Growth Triangle.

Hong Kong's metropolitan area spills over its border with Mainland China into Shenzhen and Dongguan.

Macau's urban sphere stretches across the border of China into Zhuhai.

Within the European Union

Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan area overlaps Austria and Slovakia

Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict, France and Germany

San Sebastian metropolitan area, Spain and France

Meuse-Rhine Euroregion extends over Maastricht, Netherlands, Liège, Belgium and Aachen, Germany

Øresund Region extends over northeast Zealand (Copenhagen), Denmark and western part of Scania, Sweden

Upper Silesian metropolitan area extends from Katowice with Upper Silesian Metropolis, Poland to Ostrava, Czech Republic. This metropolitan area lies within Upper Silesian Coal Basin.

Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai, France–Belgium

Luxembourg metropolitan area, extends into Belgium, France, and Germany

Frankfurt (Oder), Germany and Slubice, Poland are one city divided by the river Oder

Görlitz, Germany and Zgorzelec, Poland are one city divided by the river Nysa

Cieszyn in Southern Poland and Český Těšín in the Czech Republic are one city divided by the Olza River

Salzburg in Austria extends to Freilassing, Germany

Gorizia in Italy and Nova Gorica in Slovenia

Nice (France) metropolitan area extends from Grasse (France) to Ventimiglia (Italy), also including the Principality of Monaco.

Komárno in Slovakia and Komárom in Hungary

Valga in Estonia and Valka in Latvia are one city historically, divided in 1920 by national border

Saarbrücken metropolitan area, Germany extends into France ( Forbach, Sarreguemines ) .

Derry metropolitan area, Northern Ireland (UK) extends into County Donegal, Republic of Ireland

Tornio, Finland and Haparanda, Sweden

Nicosia, Cyprus metropolitan area extends from Republic of Cyprus to the unrecognised Turkish Northern Nicosia.

Algeciras and La Línea de la Concepción, Spain metropolitan area extends to the border with Gibraltar, United Kingdom

Tallinn, Estonia and Helsinki, Finland is a proposed metropolitan area across the Gulf of Finland (Talsinki)

Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, historic town divided by the Dutch German border, border passes along the middle of a street

Elsewhere in Europe

Milan metropolitan area, Italy extends into Canton Ticino, Switzerland

Basel metropolitan area, Switzerland extends into France and Germany

Geneva-Lausanne metropolitan area, Switzerland extends into France

Iaşi metropolitan area, Romania extends over Prut, including cities like Ungheni from Republica Moldova

Lower Danube metropolitan area (Brăila-Galaţi (Cantemir) metropolitan area), Romania extends over Danube and Prut, including the Republic of Moldova's urban area of Cantemir-Cahul

Subotica, Serbia and Szeged, Hungary - urban sprawl between the two close cities

Slavonski Brod, Croatia and Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina, divided by Sava river

Historical

Polish Tricity, Gdynia (a city built to become a port of the Second Polish Republic) and its neighbours Gdańsk and Sopot, overlapped two borders in the period 1919-1939:

In Free City of Gdańsk: Gdańsk and suburbs

In Poland: Gdynia

In Weimar Republic (later Nazi Germany): Sopot

Between Canada and the United States

This list is from west to east:

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario — see also Detroit–Windsor

Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario areas

Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area

Ogdensburg-Massena, New York (St. Lawrence County) and Cornwall-Prescott, Ontario (U.S. micropolitan area and Canadian census agglomeration)

Between Mexico and the United States

San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Baja California — see also San Diego–Tijuana

El Centro–Calexico, California, and Mexicali, Baja California — see also Calexico–Mexicali

Yuma, Arizona, and San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora

Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora

Naco, Arizona, and Naco, Sonora

Douglas, Arizona, and Agua Prieta, Sonora

El Paso, Texas, and Juárez, Chihuahua — see also El Paso–Juárez

Del Rio, Texas, and Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila

Eagle Pass, Texas, and Piedras Negras, Coahuila

Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas — see also Laredo–Nuevo Laredo

McAllen, Texas, and Reynosa, Tamaulipas — see also Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area

Brownsville–Harlingen, Texas, and Matamoros, Tamaulipas — see also Matamoros–Brownsville Metropolitan Area

South America

Rivera, Uruguay and Santana do Livramento, Brazil.

Río Branco, Uruguay and Jaguarão, Brazil.

Chuy, Uruguay and Chuí, Brazil.

Ciudad del Este in Paraguay, Foz do Iguaçu in Brazil and Puerto Iguazu in Argentina, also called Triple Frontera or the Tri Border.

The Tres Fronteras metropolitan area of Tabatinga in Brazil, Leticia in Colombia, and Santa Rosa in Peru form a metropolitan area of nearly 100,000 people.

The Cúcuta-San Antonio del Táchira area which spans the Colombia-Venezuela border.

Ipiales, Colombia and Tulcán, Ecuador.

Chile Chico, Chile and Los Antiguos, Argentina