List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa

Heterobranchia

Architectonicidae

Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)

Siphonariidae - False limpets

Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)

Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958

Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)

Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)

Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)

Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)

Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)

Ringiculidae

Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915

Acteonidae

Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925

Acteon flammeus (Gmelin, 1791)

Acteon pudicus (A. Adams, 1854)

Rictaxis albis (Sowerby, 1873)

Japonacteon sp.

Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1854)

Pupa niecaensis (Barnard, 1963)

Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)

Pupa suturalis (A. Adams, 1854)

Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)

Bullinidae

Bullina scabra Gmelin, 1791

Bullina oblonga Sowerby, 1897

Hydatinidae

Polka-dot bubble shell Micromelo undata (Brughiere, 1792) (Transkei to Mozambique)

Striped bubble shell Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)

Hydatina amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hydatina velum (Gmelin, 1791)

Hydatina albocincta (van der Hoeven, 1811)

Cylichnidae

Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)

Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)

Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)

Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)

Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)

Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)

Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915

Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920

Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925

Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903

Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890

Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859

Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)

Retusidae

Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925

Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963

Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925

Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925

Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792

Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)

Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)

Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)

Philinidae

Sand slug Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)

Philine berghi Smith, 1910

Gastropteridae

Gastropteron flavobrunneum Gosliner, 1984

Gastropteron alboaurantium Gosliner, 1984

Aglajidae

Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)

Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)

Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)

Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938

Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

Haminoeidae

Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)

Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)

Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)

Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)

Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864

Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)

Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)

Runcinidae

Metaruncina sp.

Bullidae

Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)

Limacinidae

Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)

Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774) (cf.)

Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)

Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)

Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)

Cavoliniidae

Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)

Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)

Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)

Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)

Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)

Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850

Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)

Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767

Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)

Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)

Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)

Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)

Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)

Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)

Peraclididae

Peraclis moluccensis (Tesch, 1903)

Peraclis reticulata (Orbigny, 1836)

Cymbuliidae

Cymbulia sibogae Tesch, 1903

Gleba cordata Niebuhr, 1776

Desmopteridae

Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889

Gymnosomata

Clionidae

Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) (Pelagic northern and southern hemispheres) (southern hemisphere may be a distinct species, Clione antarctica)

Pneumodermatidae

Spongiobranchaea australis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (Pelagic, southern hemisphere)

Anaspidea

Akeridae

Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)

Aplysiidae

Dwarf sea hare Aplysia parvula Morch, 1863

Spotted sea hare Aplysia oculifera Adams and Reeve, 1850 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828

Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828

Variable sea hare Aplysia juliana Quoy and Gaimard, 1832

Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi leachi (Blainville. 1817) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)

Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi africana (Engel, 1927)

Wedge sea hare Dolabella auricularia (Solander, 1786) (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)

Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)

Paraplysia lowii Gilchrist, 1900

Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy and Gaimard 1824)

Sacoglossa

Oxynoidae

Lobiger souverbiei Fischer, 1856

Lophopleurella capensis (Thiele, 1912)

Oxynoe viridis (Pease, 1861)

Oxynoe sp.

Juliidae

Berthelinia schlumbergeri Dautzenberg, 1895

Julia zebra Kawaguti, 1981

Volvatellidae

Ascobulla fischeri (Adams & Angas, 1864)

Volvatella laguncula Sowerby, 1894

Placobranchidae

Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954

Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)

Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)

Elysia livida Baba, 1955

Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)

Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928

Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)

Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp. This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.

Elysia spp. (7)

Limapontiidae

Dendritic nudibranch Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)

Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831

Caliphyllidae

Mourgona sp.

Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858) - cited as Phyllobranchillus orientalis

Hermaeidae

Table Bay nudibranch Aplysiopsis sinusmensalis (Macnae, 1954)

Notaspidea

Umbraculidae

Tylodina alfredensis Turton, 1932

Umbrella pleurobranch Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1783) (transkei to Mozambique)

Pleurobranchidae

Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803)

Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957

Berthella sp.

Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina citrina (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Cape Point to Mozambique)

Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) (This may replace previous entry B. citrina)

Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)

Pleurobranchaea algoensis Thiele, 1925

Pleurobranchaea brockii Bergh, 1897

Pleurobranchaea melanopus Bergh, 1907

Pleurobranchaea pleurobrancheana (Bergh, 1907)

Dwarf warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea tarda Verrill, 1880

Warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea bubala Marcus and Gosliner, 1984 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)

Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925

Mosaic pleurobranch Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905)

Pleurobranchus disceptus O'Donoghue, 1929

Pleurobranchus inhacae Macnae, 1962

Pleurobranchus moebii Vayssiere, 1898

Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)

Pleurobranchus papillosa (O'Donoghue, 1929)

Pleurobranchus peroni Cuvier, 1804

Pleurobranchus perrieri Vayssiere, 1896

Pleurobranchus sculptata (O'Donoghue, 1929)

Pleurobranchus xhosa Macnae, 1962

Nudibranchia - Nudibranchs

Bathydorididae

Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963

Dorididae

Aldisa benguelae Gosliner, 1985

Three-spot nudibranch Aldisa trimaculata Gosliner, 1985

?Alloiodoris inhacae O'Donoghue, 1929

Archidoris capensis Bergh, 1907

Archidoris scripta Bergh, 1907

Rugby ball dorid or Spined dorid Atagema rugosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951

Atagema gibba Pruvot-Fol, 1951

Warty dorid Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 Orange river to Eastern Cape

Doris granosa (Bergh, 1907)

Doris spp. (2)

Doriopsis pecten (Collingwood, 1881)

? Ocellate dorid Gargamella sp.1

?Gargamella sp.2

Velvet dorid Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)

Dotted nudibranch Jorunna zania (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)Marcus 1976

The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner:

Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848

Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907

Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907

Doris glabella Bergh, 1907

Actinocyclidae

Hallaxa sp.

Chromodorididae

Saddled nudibranch Cadlina sp.1

Brown-dotted nudibranch Cadlina sp.2

Cadlina sp.3

Cadlina sp.4

Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928)

Ceratosoma cornigerum (Adams and Reeve, 1850)

Inkspot nudibranch or Lipstick nudibranch Ceratosoma ingozi Gosliner, 1996

Ceratosoma tenue Abraham, 1876

Chromodoris africana Eliot 1904

Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907

Chromodoris alderi Collingwood, 1881

Polka-dot chromodorid Chromodoris annulata Eliot 1904 (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982

Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984

Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907

Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858

Chromodoris geminus Rudman, 1987

Chromodoris cf. geminus

Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928

Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977

Red-spotted nudibranch or Heather's nudibranch Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994

Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905

Chromodoris marginata Pease, 1860

Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1888

Chromodoris tinctoria (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)

Gaudy chromodorid Chromodoris vicina Eliot, 1904 (Central to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Chromodoris spp. (7)

Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832)

Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier 1804)

Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888)

Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1830)

Glossodoris symmetricus Rudman, 1990

Glossodoris undaurum Rudman, 1985

Glossodoris spp. (4)

Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881)

Cape dorid Hypselodoris capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Columbine to Transkei)

Hypselodoris carnea (Bergh, 1889)

Hypselodoris fucata Gosliner & Johnson, 1999

Mottled dorid Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)

Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)

Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977

Hypselodoris rudmani Gosliner and Johnson, 1999

Hypselodoris spp. (3)

Hypselodoris sp.

Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)

Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949

Protea nudibranch Noumea protea Gosliner, 1994

Risbecia pulchella (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)

Thorunna horologia Rudman, 1984

Discodorididae

Discodoris coerulescens Bergh, 1888

Discodoris fragilis (Alder and Hancock, 1864)

Small-spot dorid Discodoris sp.1

Discodoris sp.2

Blotchy dorid Geitodoris capensis Bergh, 1907

Anisodoris sp. (2)

Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910

Thordisa punctifera Bergh, 1907

Thordisa spp. (2)

? Variable dorid Aphelodoris brunnea Bergh, 1907(needs confirmation in Discodorididae)

? Chocolate-chip nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 1

? Brown-spotted nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 2

? Spiky nudibranch Aphelodoris sp.3

?Sclerodoris apiculata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)(needs confirmation in Discodorididae)

?Sclerodoris coriacea (Eliot, 1904)(see above)

?Sclerodoris sp.(see above)

?Artachaea sp,(see above)

Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1928

Halgerda dichromis Fahey and Gosliner, 1999

Halgerda tessellata Bergh, 1880

Halgerda toliara Fahey and Gosliner, 1999

Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904

Halgerda formosa Bergh, 1880

Halgerda punctata Farran, 1902

Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877)

Red sponge nudibranch or Orange dorid Rostanga elandsia Garovoy, Valdes & Gosliner, 2001

Rostanga phepha Garovoy, Valdés & Gosliner, 2001

Phyllidiidae

Ceratophyllidia africana Eliot, 1903

Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804

Ridged nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 (Central KwaZulu_Natal to Mozambique)(P. coelestis? (Bergh 1905))

Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859)

Phyllidia sp.

Dendrodorididae

Blue-speckled nudibranch Dendrodoris caesia (Bergh, 1907)

Dendrodoris callosa (Bergh, 1907)

Tan dorid Dendrodoris capensis (Bergh, 1907)

Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas, 1864)

Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855)

Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858)

Dendrodoris spp. (3)

Scribbled nudibranch Doriopsilla miniata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)

White-spotted nudibranch Doriopsilla capensis Bergh, 1907

Doriopsilla spp. (2)

Mandeliidae

Mandela's nudibranch Mandelia mirocornata Valdes & Gosliner, 1999

Onchidorididae

Fluffy nudibranch Acanthodoris planca

Diaphodoris sp.

Corambidae

Crazed nudibranch Corambe sp.

Goniodorididae

Giraffe spot nudibranch Ancula sp.

Tugboat nudibranch Goniodoris mercurialis Macnae, 1958

Goniodoris castanea Alder and Hancock, 1845

Goniodoris ovata Barnard, 1934

Goniodoris sp.

Fiery nudibranch Okenia amoenula (Bergh, 1907)

Okenia sp.

White lined nudibranch Trapania sp.1

Trapania sp.(2)

Polyceridae

Crimora sp.

Kalinga ornata Alder and Hancock, 1864

Tasseled nudibranch Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835)

Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia clavigera (Muller, 1776) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)

Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933

Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924

Plocamopherus apheles (Barnard, 1927)

Plocamopherus maculatus (Pease, 1860)

Plocamopherus sp.

Crowned nudibranch Polycera capensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)

Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964

Four lined nudibranch Polycera quadrilineata (Muller, 1776)

Polycera sp. (not same as Twin crowned or Orange lined crowned)

Twin-crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.1

Orange lined crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.2

Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877)

Roboastra luteolineata (Baba, 1936)

Black nudibranch Tambja capensis (Bergh, 1907) (Cape Point to Tsitsikamma)

Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877)

Tambja sp.

Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883)

Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1804)

Thecacera sp.

Aegiridae

Knobbly nudibranch Aegires ninguis Fahey & Gosliner, 2004

Gymnodorididae

Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877)

Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858)

Gymnodoris inornata (Bergh, 1880)

Gymnodoris okinawae Baba, 1936

Gymnodoris spp. (2)

Ghost nudibranch Lecithophorus capensis Macnae, 1958

Lecithophorus sp.

Hexabranchidae

Spanish dancer Hexabranchus sanguineus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (KwaZulu-Natal south coast to Mozambique)

Okadaiidae

Okadaia elegans Baba 1931

Charcotiidae

Frilled nudibranch or Smits nudibranch Leminda millecra Griffiths, 1985

Dotidae

Crowned doto Doto africoronata Shipman & Gosliner, 2015

Feathered doto Doto pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804)

Doto rosea Trinchese, 1881

Embletoniidae

Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928

Proctonotidae

Gas flame nudibranch Bonisa nakaza Gosliner, 1981 (Cape Peninsula to Eastern Cape)

Cape silvertip nudibranch or Silvertip nudibranch Janolus capensis Bergh, 1907 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)

Medallion silvertip nudibranch Janolus longidentatus Gosliner, 1981

Nippled nudibranch Janolus sp.

Arminidae

Armina berghi Thiele, 1925

Armina capensis (Bergh, 1907)

Armina euchroa (Bergh, 1907)

Gilchrists sand slug Armina gilchristi (Bergh, 1907)

Armina grisea O'Donoghue, 1927

Armina microdonta (Bergh, 1907)

Armina natalensis (Bergh, 1866)

Armina serrata O'Donoghue, 1929

Armina simoniana Thiele, 1925

Striped sand slug or Pierre's armina Armina sp.

White-ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 1 (Gosliner)

Dermatobranchus sp. 2

Dermatobranchus sp. 3

Brown ridged nudibranch or narrow ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 4 (Gosliner)

Tritoniidae

Whip fan nudibranch Tritonia nilsodhneri Marcus, 1983

Tritonia aurantiacum Barnard, 1927

Tritonia pallida Stimpson, 1854

Tritonia indecora Bergh, 1907

Soft coral nudibranch Tritonia sp. 1 (Gosliner)

Brush nudibranch Tritonia sp. 2 (Gosliner)

Tritoniadoxa capensis Bergh, 1907

?Marionia spp. (2) (is Marionia valid and in Tritoniidae?)

Marionia cyanobranchiata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831) (species inquirenda)

Aranucidae

Marianina rosea Pruvot-Fol, 1930

Bornellidae

Bornella adamsii Gray, 1850

Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1983

Dendronotidae

Scyllaeidae

Iridescent nudibranch Notobryon wardi Ohdner, 1936 (Namaqualand to Tsitsikamma)

Scyllaea pelagica Linnaeus, 1758

Tethydidae

Dinosaur nudibranch Melibe liltvedi Gosliner, 1987

Cowled nudibranch Melibe rosea Rang, 1829 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)

Melibe pilosa Pease, 1860

Melibe sp.

Flabellinidae

Purple lady Flabellina funeka Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981

White-edged nudibranch or Chalk stripe nudibranch Flabellina capensis (Thiele, 1025)

Flabellina spp. (3)

Coryphellina sp.

Fionidae

Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831)

Eubranchidae

Eubranchus sp.1

Eubranchus sp.2

Eubranchus sp.3

Fireworks nudibranch Eubranchus sp.4

Candelabra nudibranch Eubranchus sp.5 (Zsilavecz)

Tergipedidae

Candy nudibranch Cuthona speciosa (Macnae, 1954)

Cuthona ornata Baba, 1937

Cuthona kanga (Edmunds, 1970)

Cuthona anulata (Baba, 1949)

Cuthona spp. (5)

Yellow candy nudibranch Cuthona sp.6

Cuthona sp.

Tergipes tergipes Forskal, 1779

Catriona casha Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981

Catriona columbiana O'Donoghue, 1922

Catriona sp.

Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874

Aeolidiidae

Indian nudibranch Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)

Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928

Berghia chaka Gosliner, 1985

Baeolidia palythoae Gosliner, 1985

Facelinidae

Night sky nudibranch Amanda armata Macnae, 1954

Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)

Black-dot nudibranch Caloria sp. 1

Yellow-tipped nudibranch Caloria sp. 2

Caloria sp. 3

Orange eyed nudibranch or White tipped nudibranch Cratena capensis Barnard, 1927 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)

Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970

Elegant nudibranch Cratena sp.1

Cratena spp. (+3)

Echinopsole fulvus Macnae, 1954

Olive nudibranch Facelina olivacea Macnae, 1954

Facellina annulata Macnae, 1954

Facellina sp.

Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949

Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968

Moridilla brockii (Bergh, 1888)

Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium serratum (Baba, 1949) (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) (this may replace previous entry P. serratum)

Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831

Phyllodesmium sp.

Pruvotfolia pselliotes (Labbe, 1923)

Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864)

Glaucidae

Four-colour nudibranch Godiva quadricolor (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)

Sea swallow Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)

Family ?

Platydoris scabra (Cuvier 1806)

Platydoris cruenta (Quoy and Gaimard 1932)

Platydoris sp.

Cavoliniidae

Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.

Pulmonata

Onchidiidae

Airbreathing sea slug Onchidella capensis (Orange river to Cape Point)

Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal)