This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Turkey. There are 127 mammal species in Turkey, of which 2 are critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
Suborder: Hystricognathi
Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
Genus: Hystrix
Indian porcupine Hystrix indica LR/lc
Suborder: Sciurognathi
Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Subfamily: Sciurinae
Tribe: Sciurini
Genus: Sciurus
Caucasian squirrel Sciurus anomalus LR/nt
Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris LR/lc
Subfamily: Xerinae
Tribe: Marmotini
Genus: Spermophilus
European ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus VU
Asia Minor ground squirrel Spermophilus xanthoprymnus LR/lc
Taurus ground squirrel Spermophilus taurensis"
Family: Gliridae (dormice)
Subfamily: Leithiinae
Genus: Dryomys
Woolly dormouse Dryomys laniger LR/nt
Forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
Genus: Eliomys
Asian garden dormouse Eliomys melanurus LC
Genus: Muscardinus
Hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius LR/nt
Genus: Myomimus
Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse Myomimus roachi VU
Subfamily: Glirinae
Genus: Glis
Edible dormouse Glis glis LR/nt
Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
Subfamily: Allactaginae
Genus: Allactaga
Small five-toed jerboa Allactaga elater LR/lc
Euphrates jerboa Allactaga euphratica LR/nt
Family: Spalacidae
Subfamily: Spalacinae
Genus: Nannospalax
Palestine mole rat Nannospalax ehrenbergi LC
Lesser mole rat Nannospalax leucodon VU
Nehring's blind mole-rat Nannospalax nehringi LR/lc
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Cricetinae
Genus: Cricetulus
Gray dwarf hamster Cricetulus migratorius LR/nt
Genus: Cricetus
European hamster Cricetus cricetus LR/lc
Genus: Mesocricetus
Turkish hamster Mesocricetus brandti LR/lc
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Genus: Arvicola
Water vole Arvicola terrestris LR/lc
Genus: Chionomys
Caucasian snow vole Chionomys gud LR/nt
Snow vole Chionomys nivalis LR/nt
Robert's snow vole Chionomys roberti LR/nt
Genus: Clethrionomys
Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc
Genus: Ellobius
Transcaucasian mole vole Ellobius lutescens LR/lc
Genus: Microtus
Common vole Microtus arvalis Lr/lc
Günther's vole Microtus guentheri LR/nt
Persian vole Microtus irani LR/lc
Southern vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LR/lc
Social vole Microtus socialis LR/lc
European pine vole Microtus subterraneus LR/lc
Genus: Prometheomys
Long-clawed mole vole Prometheomys schaposchnikowi LR/lc
Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
Subfamily: Deomyinae
Genus: Acomys
Asia Minor spiny mouse Acomys cilicicus CR
Subfamily: Gerbillinae
Genus: Meriones
Persian jird Meriones persicus LR/lc
Tristram's jird Meriones tristrami LR/lc
Vinogradov's jird Meriones vinogradovi LR/lc
Subfamily: Murinae
Genus: Apodemus
Striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
Yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
Yellow-breasted field mouse Apodemus fulvipectus LR/lc
Black Sea field mouse Apodemus ponticus LR/lc
Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus LC
Ural field mouse Apodemus uralensis LR/lc
Genus: Micromys
Harvest mouse Micromys minutus LR/nt
Genus: Mus
Macedonian mouse Mus macedonicus LR/lc
House mouse Mus musculus LR/lc
Family: Leporidae
Subfamily: Leporinae
Genus: Lepus
European hare Lepus europaeus
Genus: Oryctolagus
European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Genus: Erinaceus
Southern white-breasted hedgehog Erinaceus concolor LR/lc
Genus: Hemiechinus
Long-eared hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus LR/lc
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Soricidae (shrews)
Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Genus: Crocidura
Gueldenstaedt's shrew Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LR/lc
Bicolored shrew Crocidura leucodon LR/lc
Serezkaya shrew Crocidura serezkyensis LR/lc
Lesser white-toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens LR/lc
Genus: Suncus
Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus LC
Subfamily: Soricinae
Tribe: Nectogalini
Genus: Neomys
Southern water shrew Neomys anomalus LR/lc
Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens LR/lc
Transcaucasian water shrew Neomys schelkovnikovi LR/lc
Tribe: Soricini
Genus: Sorex
Common shrew Sorex araneus LR/lc
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus LR/lc
Radde's shrew Sorex raddei LR/lc
Caucasian shrew Sorex satunini LR/lc
Caucasian pygmy shrew Sorex volnuchini LR/lc
Family: Talpidae (moles)
Subfamily: Talpinae
Tribe: Talpini
Genus: Talpa
European mole Talpa europaea LR/lc
Levantine mole Talpa levantis LR/lc
The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
Subfamily: Pteropodinae
Genus: Rousettus
Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus LC
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Bechstein's bat Myotis bechsteini VU
Brandt's bat Myotis brandti LR/lc
Long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii VU
Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LR/lc
Geoffroy's bat Myotis emarginatus VU
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis LR/nt
Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LR/lc
Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LR/lc
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Barbastella
Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus VU
Genus: Eptesicus
Botta's serotine Eptesicus bottae LC
Northern bat Eptesicus nilssoni LR/lc
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LR/lc
Genus: Hypsugo
Savi's pipistrelle Hypsugo savii LR/lc
Genus: Nyctalus
Greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus LR/nt
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
Common noctule Nyctalus noctula LR/lc
Genus: Pipistrellus
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii LR/lc
Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
Genus: Plecotus
Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LR/lc
Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus LR/lc
Genus: Vespertilio
Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus LR/lc
Subfamily: Miniopterinae
Genus: Miniopterus
Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Tadarida
European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Taphozous
Naked-rumped tomb bat Taphozous nudiventris LC
Family: Nycteridae
Genus: Nycteris
Egyptian slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica LC
Family: Rhinolophidae
Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Blasius's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus blasii NT
Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale VU
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
Mehely's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus mehelyi VU
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea except for gray whale.
Suborder: Mysticeti
Family: Balaenopteridae
Genus: Balaenoptera
Blue whale Balaenoptera m. musculus EN (possible)
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
Subfamily: Megapterinae
Genus: Megaptera
Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae LC
Family: Balaenidae
Genus: Eubalaena
North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis CR (possible)
Suborder: Odontoceti
Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Genus: Physeter
Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
Family: Ziphidae
Genus: Ziphius
Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
Genus: Mesoplodon
Gervais' beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Phocoena
Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena VU
Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Tursiops
Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
Genus: Delphinus
Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis LC
Genus: Stenella
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd (possible)
Genus: Sousa
Sousa chinensis DD
Genus: Grampus
Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD
Genus: Orcinus
Orca Orcinus orca DD
Genus: Pseudorca
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
Genus: Globicephala
Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas LR/lc
Family: Monodontidae
Genus: Delphinapterus
Beluga Delphinapterus leucas VU (introduced)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae (cats)
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Caracal
Caracal Caracal caracal LC
Genus: Felis
Jungle cat Felis chaus LC
Wildcat Felis silvestris LC
Genus: Lynx
Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx NT
Genus: Acinonyx
Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus CR - regionally extinct
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Persian leopard Panthera pardus ciscaucasica EN
Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica EN - regionally extinct
Caspian tiger Panthera tigris virgata EX
Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
Genus: Herpestes
Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon LR/lc
Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
Genus: Hyaena
Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena LR/nt
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Genus: Vulpes
Red fox Vulpes vulpes LC
Genus: Canis
Golden jackal Canis aureus LC
Gray wolf Canis lupus NT currently being exterminated with active bounties
Genus: Cuon
Dhole Cuon alpinus EN - reported to live in northeastern Turkey
Family: Ursidae (bears)
Genus: Ursus
Brown bear Ursus arctos LR/lc
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Genus: Mustela
Stoat Mustela erminea LR/lc
Least weasel Mustela nivalis LR/lc
European polecat Mustela putorius LR/lc
Genus: Vormela
Marbled polecat Vormela peregusna LR/lc
Genus: Martes
Beech marten Martes foina LR/lc
Pine marten Martes martes LR/lc
Genus: Meles
Eurasian badger Meles meles LR/lc
Genus: Lutra
European otter Lutra lutra NT
Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
Genus: Monachus
Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus CR
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
Genus: Equus
Syrian wild ass Equus hemionus hemippus EX
Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Family: Suidae
Subfamily: Suinae
Genus: Sus
Boar Sus scrofa LR/lc
Family: Cervidae (deer)
Subfamily: Cervinae
Genus: Cervus
Red deer Cervus elaphus LR/lc
Genus: Dama
Fallow deer Dama dama LR/lc
Persian fallow deer Dama dama mesopotamica EX
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Capreolus
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus LR/lc
Genus: Alces
Caucasian moose Alces alces caucasicus EX
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Antilopinae
Genus: Gazella
Goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa VU
Mountain gazelle Gazella gazella VU
Genus: Bison
Caucasian wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus EX
Subfamily: Caprinae
Genus: Capra
Wild goat Capra aegagrus VU
Genus: Ovis
Anatolian mouflon Ovis orientalis anatolica CR
Armenian mouflon Ovis orientalis gmelini VU
Genus: Rupicapra
Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra LR/lc
