Mammals in Singapore currently number about 65 species. Since the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including large species such as tigers, leopards and sambar deer. Most of these have since become extinct largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large mammals such as Asian elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.
Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995 and now possibly extinct. The banded leaf monkey is also down to around 50 individuals. However, some species may be rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malaysian porcupine which was found on Pulau Tekong in 2005, and the greater mousedeer on Pulau Ubin in 2009.
The most commonly seen native mammals are the long-tailed macaque and the plantain squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal that can still be found is the wild pig, which is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, but also found on the mainland. The largest mammals in Singapore, however, are marine creatures such as dugongs and dolphins. The colugo is also doing well, but these are rarely seen due to their elusiveness and camouflage.
Family Soricidae (shrews)
House shrew (Suncus murinus) - urban
Malayan shrew (Crocidura malayana) - forest
Family Manidae (pangolins)
Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) - Bukit Batok/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Western Catchment/Jalan Bahar/Labrador
Family Herpestidae (mongooses)
Short-tailed mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus) (doubtful)
Family Viverridae (civets)
Binturong (Arctictis binturong) - Bukit Panjang (escapee?)
Sumatran palm civet (Paradoxurus musangus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Sungei Buloh/Western Catchment/Jurong/Bukit Batok/Ulu Pandan/Kent Ridge/Tanglin Halt/Portsdown/Pasir Panjang/Labrador/Sentosa/Changi/Bedok/Kembangan/Siglap
Three-striped palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) - Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong (indeterminate)
Large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha) - (Jalan Bahar/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Lornie Road/Old Holland Road/Pulau Tekong)
Large-spotted civet (Viverra megaspila) (doubtful)
Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga) - Central Catchment
Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) (doubtful)
Otter civet (Cynogale bennettii) (doubtful)
Family Mustelidae (weasels, otters and relatives)
Small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) - Western Catchment/Sungei Buloh/Pulau Tekong/Pulau Ubin/Kranji
Smooth otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) - Western Catchment/Sungei Buloh/Pulau Ubin/Lorong Halus/Punggol/Pasir Ris/Kallang/Marina Bay/Bishan/Pandan/Sentosa
Hairy-nosed otter (Lutra sumatrana) (doubtful)
Family Felidae (cats)
Domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) - widespread stray populations in urban areas
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) - Central Catchment/Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Western Catchment/Sungei Buloh
Flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps) (extinct)
Tiger (Panthera tigris) (extinct)
Leopard (Panthera pardus) (extinct)
Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) (extinct)
Family Canidae (dogs)
Domestic/feral dog (Canis lupus familiaris) - widespread feral and stray populations
Family Dugongidae (dugong)
Dugong (Dugong dugon) - Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Changi
Family Elephantidae (elephants)
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) (visitor) - Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong
Family Tapiridae (tapirs)
Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) - Pulau Ubin, Changi
Family Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) - Singapore Strait
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) - Singapore Strait
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) - Singapore Strait
Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) - Singapore Strait
Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus)
Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei)
False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) (vagrant) - Tuas
Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata)
Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris)
Family Phocoenidae (porpoises)
Finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) - Singapore Strait
Family Physeteridae (sperm whale)
Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) - Singapore Strait (carcass)
Family Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni)
Family Suidae (pigs)
Wild pig (Sus scrofa) - Western Catchment/Jalan Bahar/Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Punggol/Coney Island/Central Catchment
Family Cervidae (deer)
Sambar (Rusa unicolor) - Bukit Brown/Central Catchment
Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) (extinct)
Family Tragulidae (mousedeer)
Lesser mousedeer (Tragulus kanchil) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Greater mousedeer (Tragulus napu) - Pulau Ubin/Western Catchment
Family Bovidae (bovids)
Domestic cattle (Bos taurus) - Coney Island/Pulau Ubin (lone free-ranging individuals)
Family Muridae (mice and rats)
Asian house mouse (Mus castaneus) - urban
Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (introduced) - urban
Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) - urban
Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans)
Malaysian wood rat (Rattus tiomanicus)
Annandale's rat (Rattus annandalei) - forests
Brown spiny rat (Maxomys rajah)
Red spiny rat (Maxomys surifer)
Family Sciuridae (squirrels)
Plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) - gardens/parks/forests
Finlayson's or variable squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) (introduced) - Woodleigh/Bidadari
Slender squirrel (Sundasciurus tenuis) - Bukit Timah/Bukit Batok/Central Catchment/Botanic Gardens
Cream-coloured giant squirrel (Ratufa affinis) (extinct)
Shrew-faced ground squirrel (Rhinosciurus laticaudatus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Red-cheeked flying squirrel (Hylopetes spadiceus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Horsfield's flying squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii) - Bukit Batok/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) (extinct)
Family Hystricidae
Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) - Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Western Catchment
Family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats)
Island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) - unverified
Malayan flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) (visitor, former resident)
Geoffroy's rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus) (extinct)
Lesser dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) - widespread in both urban and forest habitats
Short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) - Pulau Tekong (unconfirmed)
Dusky fruit bat (Penthetor lucasi) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Common long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus)
Cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea) - Central Catchment
Family Emballonuridae (sheath-tailed bats)
Lesser sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura monticola) - Bukit Timah
Black-bearded tomb bat (Taphozous melanopogon)
Pouched tomb bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus)
Family Nycteridae (hollow-faced bats)
Southeast Asian hollow-faced bat (Nycteris tragata) - Central Catchment
Family Megadermatidae (false vampires)
Lesser false vampire (Megaderma spasma) - Pulau Tekong/Pulau Ubin
Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)
Glossy horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus lepidus)
Woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus luctus)
Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sedulus)
Trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) - Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong
Family Hipposideridae (Old World leaf-nosed bats)
Bicolored roundleaf bat (Hipposideros bicolor) - Bukit Timah
Fawn roundleaf bat (Hipposideros cervinus) (extinct)
Ridley's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros ridleyi) (extinct)
Family Vespertilionidae (evening bats)
Hardwicke's woolly bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) - Central Catchment
Whiskered myotis (Myotis muricola)
Singapore whiskered bat (Myotis oreias) - endemic to Singapore but possibly globally extinct
Grey large-footed myotis (Myotis adversus)
Asiatic lesser yellow bat (Scotophilus kuhlii)
Lesser bamboo bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) - Bukit Timah
Greater bamboo bat (Tylonycteris robustula) - Bukit Timah
Javan pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus) - Ayer Rajah/Paya Lebar
Narrow-winged pipistrelle (Pipistrellus stenopterus) - Bukit Timah
Brown tube-nosed bat (Murina suilla) - Pulau Tekong
Family Molossidae (free-tailed bats)
Naked bulldog bat (Cheiromeles torquatus) - Bukit Timah
Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus) (extinct)
Order Scandentia (treeshrews)
Family Tupaiidae (treeshrews)
Common treeshrew (Tupaia glis) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Botanic Gardens/Bukit Batok/Jurong Hill/Sungei Buloh/Western Catchment
Family Cynocephalidae (colugo)
Malayan colugo or Malayan flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus) - Bukit Batok/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Family Lorisidae (lorises)
Sundra slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong
Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) - Admiralty Park/Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Punggol/Coney Island/Pulau Ubin/Sentosa/Sisters Islands/Western Catchment
Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) (extinct) - scattered individuals (escapees?) seen in Pasir Ris/Central Catchment
Banded leaf monkey (Presbytis femoralis) - around 50 left in Central Catchment
Silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus) (extinct)
Dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) - Kent Ridge (escapee)
Family Hominidae (great apes)
Human (Homo sapiens)
Note: (extinct) means locally extinct in Singapore.
