A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations—not kept domestically—that have been seen numerous times, and have breeding populations. While most introduced species can cause negative impact to new environments they reach, some can have positive impact, just for conservation purpose.
Australia has a huge range of introduced species, so sub-classifications are necessary:
Invasive - species have a tendency to spread their range into new areas
Ferals - domestic animals (i.e., pets or beasts of burden) that have gone wild
Pests - animals that have a direct effect on human standards of living or the environment/ecosystems and have a high rate of reproduction.
Feral animals that cause the most public concern, and economic and ecological damage include:
Around 15% of Australia's flora is made up of introduced species. The following is a non-inclusive list of some of the more significant plant species.
Bridal creeper
Patterson's curse
Koster's curse – Clidemia hirta
Scotch thistle
Lantana
Bitou bush
Water buffalo
Cattle
Pig
Dromedary
Red deer from Europe
Fallow deer from Europe
Chital
Indian hog deer [1]
Javan rusa [2]
Sambar deer [3]
Donkey
Brumby
Banteng
Goat
Brown hare
Red fox
Dog
Cat
House mouse
Northern palm squirrel - established in Perth
European rabbit From Europe
Rats
Black rat
Brown rat
Common pheasant
Common myna
Common starling
Eurasian skylark
Eurasian blackbird
Song thrush from Europe
Eurasian tree sparrow
European greenfinch
European goldfinch
Feral pigeon
Hill myna
House sparrow
Mallard
Nutmeg mannikin
Ostrich
Spotted dove
Asian carp
Brown trout
Common carp
Common roach
European perch
Mosquitofish
Rainbow trout
Rosy barb
Rudd
Mozambique tilapia
Tench
Weather loach
House gecko
Cane toad
Argentine ant
Black Portuguese millipede
Western honeybee
Red imported fire ant from South America via North America
Yellow crazy ant
European wasp
Northern Pacific seastar
British Isles and other European islands
See also Invasive species in the British Isles
Further information can be found at the GB Non-native Species Secretariat, which has a free tool kit of resources on non-native species, including a photo gallery, ID sheets, risk assessments, projects database, case studies and resources for local action groups.
Grey squirrel from North America
Greater white-toothed shrew from mainland Europe and Africa
Feral horse from mainland Europe [4]
Feral cat
Brown rat
Black rat
House mouse
Bank vole from the UK; introduced to Ireland
Edible dormouse from Europe
Ferret from continental Europe to various islands around the British isles
European rabbit from continental Europe
European hare from continental Europe
American mink from North America
Reeves's muntjac from China
Fallow deer from continental Europe
Sika deer from Asia
Water deer
Reindeer - Iceland
Goat [5]
Bennett's wallaby from Australia
Helmeted guineafowl from Africa
Little owl from mainland Europe
Eagle owl from Eurasia
Rose-ringed parakeet from Asia
Monk parakeet from South America
Red-legged partridge
Green pheasant
Golden pheasant from Asia
Lady Amherst pheasant
Common pheasant
Swan goose
Canada goose
Barnacle goose
Egyptian goose
Glossy ibis
Sacred ibis
Wood duck from North America
Mandarin duck from Japan
Ruddy duck from North America
Zander
Wels catfish
Rainbow trout
Walleye
Bitterling
Bluegill
Brook trout
Common carp
Black bullhead
Goldfish
Grass carp
Orfe
Pumpkinseed
Topmouth gudgeon
Sunbleak
Fathead minnow
Pacific humped back salmon
Crucian carp
Alpine newt
Midwife toad
Yellow-bellied toad
Marsh frog
American bullfrog
African clawed frog
European tree frog
Cane toad
Aesculapian snake
European pond terrapin
Pond slider
Common wall lizard
Burmese python
Signal crayfish
Chinese mitten crab
Killer shrimp
African pine mosquitos - from Africa
Asian giant hornet
Stick insects
Butterflies and moths
Large chequered skipper butterfly from continental Europe to Channel Islands (subsequently lost)
Large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar rutilus from Continental Europe (subsequently lost)
Large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar batavus from the Netherlands (subsequently lost)
Large blue butterfly from Sweden
Geranium bronze butterfly from South Africa via southern Europe on geranium (not established)
Map butterfly (subsequently eradicated)
Psychoides filicivora moth from the Far East
Azalea leaf miner moth from East Asia
Argyresthia cupressella moth from United States
Brown house moth from Asia
Tachystola acroxantha moth from Australia
Coleotechnites piceaella moth from United States
Cotoneaster webworm moth from United States
Blastobasis adustella moth
Blastobasis lacticlella moth
Adoxophyles oporana moth
Carnation tortrix
Light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana from Australia
Codling moth
Pharaoh ant from United States
Harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis)
American willow herb
Autumnal crocus
Bermuda buttercup
Canadian pond weed
Common field speedwell
Evening primrose
Floating pennywort
Fox and cubs
Giant hogweed
Guernsey fleabane
Himalayan balsam
Hottentot fig
Japanese knotweed
Jewelweed
Kudzu
Least duckweed
New Zealand willowherb
Oxford ragwort
Pigmy weed
Purple dewplant
Purple pitcher
Rhododendron
Water fern
Wild pig
Feral goat
Chital deer
Mule deer
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Feral cat
Dog
Small Asian mongoose
Brown rat
Black rat
Pacific rat
House mouse
Brush-tailed rock-wallaby - small population on Oahu
Primary source for this list is Robert L. Pyle and Peter Pyle, The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands unless otherwise stated
Barn owl
Cattle egret
Wild turkey
California quail
Gambel's quail
Chukar
Black francolin
Grey francolin
Erckel's francolin
Japanese quail
Red junglefowl
Kalij pheasant
Common pheasant
Green pheasant - previous considered to be a subspecies of common pheasant
Common peafowl
Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse
Feral pigeon
Spotted dove
Zebra dove
Mourning dove
Rose-ringed parakeet
Mitred parakeet
Red-masked parakeet
Red-crowned amazon
Mariana swiftlet
Eurasian skylark
Red-vented bulbul
Red-whiskered bulbul
Japanese bush warbler
White-rumped shama
Greater necklaced laughingthrush
Chinese hwamei
Red-billed leiothrix
Japanese white-eye
Northern mockingbird
Common myna
Yellow-faced grassquit
Saffron finch
Red-crested cardinal
Yellow-billed cardinal
Northern cardinal
Western meadowlark
House finch
Yellow-fronted canary
Atlantic canary
House sparrow
Red-cheeked cordon-bleu
Lavender waxbill
Orange-cheeked waxbill
Black-rumped waxbill
Common waxbill
Red avadavat
African silverbill
Scaly-breasted munia
Chestnut munia
Java sparrow
Brown tree snake
Jackson's chameleon
Veiled chameleon
Wattle-necked softshell turtle [6][7]
Chinese softshell turtle [8][9]
Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated.
Common coquí
American bullfrog
Cane toad
Green and black poison dart frog
Greenhouse frog
Japanese wrinkled frog
Green and golden bell frog
Cuban tree frog
Lithobates clamitans
Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated.
Amphilophus citrinellus
Amphilophus labiatus
Convict cichlid
Firemouth cichlid
Oscar
Jack Dempsey
Cichla ocellaris
Hemichromis elongatus
Parachromis managuensis
Oreochromis macrochir
Pelvicachromis pulcher
Mozambique tilapia
Blackchin tilapia
Pseudotropheus johannii
Cryptoheros spilurus
Goldfish
Cephalopholis argus
Blotched snakehead
Clarias fuscus
Bronze corydoras
Common carp
Silver carp
Threadfin shad
Gulf killifish
Mosquitofish
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
Channel catfish
Green sunfish
Bluegill
Limia vittata
Lutjanus fulvus
Bluestripe snapper
Smallmouth bass
Largemouth bass
Striped bass
Pond loach
Asian swamp eel
Mugilogobius cavifrons
Omobranchus ferox
Rainbow trout
Brook trout
Tasseled blenny
Sailfin molly
Guppy
Green swordtail
Southern platyfish
Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus
Marquesan sardinella
Upeneus vittatus
Osteomugil engeli
Xenentodon cancila
Coconut crab
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Cherry shrimp
Africanized bee
Argentine ant
Big-headed ant
Solenopsis papuana (Papuan thief ant) [10][11]
Coconut rhinoceros beetle
Erythrina gall wasp
Fruit fly - melon fly, Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera latifrons
Fire ant
Mosquito
Nettle caterpillar
Small hive beetle
Snowflake coral
Varroa mite
Canoe plants
Corbicula fluminea - Asian clam
Pomacea bridgesii - spike-topped apple snail
Pomacea canaliculata - channeled applesnail
Lophopodella carteri - freshwater bryozoan
Plumatella repens - a bryozoan
see Invasive species in Hawaii
Common brushtail possum from Australia
Cat from Europe
Deer:
Red deer from Europe
Elk
Sika deer from Asia
Rusa deer from Asia
White-tailed deer from North America
Fallow deer
Sambar deer [12]
Donkeys: the Ponui donkey from Europe
Cattle from Europe
Ferret from Europe
Goat from Europe
Sheep
European hare from Europe
Mountain hare from Europe
Horse from Europe
European hedgehog from Europe
Himalayan tahr from Himalaya
Chamois from Europe
Pig
Rabbit from Europe
Rats:
Brown and black rats from Europe
Pacific rat (kiore) from Pacific islands
House mouse
Least weasel from Europe
Stoat from Europe
Wallabies:
Parma wallaby - population on Kawau Island
Red-necked wallaby
Swamp wallaby - population on Kawau Island
Tammar wallaby
Magpie from Australia
Barn owl from Australia
Bobwhite quail.
Californian quail - Callipepla californic.
Canada goose
Chaffinch
Chuckor.
Cirl bunting
Common blackbird from Europe
Common pheasant from Asia
Dunnock (hedge sparrow or hedge accentor) from Europe
European greenfinch
European goldfinch
Greylag goose
House sparrow from UK
Little owl
Mallard
Mute swan
Common myna from India
Quail
Rook
Song thrush from Europe
Spur-winged plover
Starling from Europe
Wild turkey
Yellowhammer
Green and golden bell frog
Brown trout
Salmon
Catfish
Grass carp
Monarch butterfly from US
Common housefly from Europe
Honey bee from Europe
Up to 26,000 plants have been introduced into New Zealand. This list is a few of the more common and more invasive species.
Gorse from Scotland
Common broom – Cytisus scoparius
Blackberry
Lupin
Ragwort
Scotch thistle
Californian thistle – Cirsium arvense
Mistflower – Ageratina riparia
Kahili ginger – Hedychium gardnerianum
Japanese honeysuckle
Old man's beard - Clematis vitalba
Feral horse from Europe (known as mustangs)
Feral donkey from Europe
Feral cattle from Europe
Feral sheep from Europe
Feral goat from Europe
Feral dog from Europe
Feral cat from Europe
European red fox from Europe [13]
Rhesus macaque from Asia (in Florida and South Carolina)
Vervet monkey from Africa (in California, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and Arizona)
Common squirrel monkey from South America (in Florida)
White-nosed coati from South America (in Florida)[14]
Wild boar from Europe (the common species)
Deer
Sika deer from Asia
Chital from Asia
Sambar deer from Asia
American elk in Florida[15]
Fallow deer From Europe
Red deer from Europe
Bezoar ibex from Europe
Barbary sheep from Africa
Himalayan tahr from Asia (in New Mexico)
House mouse from Europe
Black rat from Europe
Brown rat from South America
Guinea pig from South America [16]
Nutria from South America
European hare From Europe
European rabbit from southwest Europe and northwest Africa
Gemsbok in New Mexico [17]
Blackbuck in Texas [18][19][20]
Nilgai in Texas [21][22]
Jaguarundi from South America (in Florida)
Capybara from South America (in Florida)[23]
Gambian pouched rat from Africa [24]
Virginia opossum from Eastern USA (in California)
Mexican red-bellied squirrel in Florida (from Mexico) [25]
Arctic ground squirrel to Unalaska Island, Kavalga Island, and Umnak Island in the Aleutian Archipelago from mainland Alaska[26]
Nine-banded armadillo in Florida - there has been a natural extension of the armadillo's range into the US since 1870, reaching Florida by 1970, however the Florida population originates from established introductions dating to the 1920s.[27][28]
Scaly-breasted munia from Asia [29]
Pin-tailed whydah from Africa [30][31]
Chukar from Asia [32]
Eurasian collared-dove from Europe
Eurasian tree sparrow from Europe
House finch (in the rest of mainland North America and Hawaii)
European starling from Europe
Shiny cowbird from South America [33][34]
Common hill myna [35]
Gray partridge from Europe
Himalayan snowcock from Asia, in Nevada [36]
House sparrow from Europe
Spot-breasted oriole [37]
Greater flamingo from Africa [38]
Scarlet ibis from South America [39]
Budgerigar from Australia (in Florida)
Rosy-faced lovebird from Africa [40]
Blue-crowned parakeet from South America (in California) [41]
Mitred conure from South America (in California) [42]
Nanday parakeet from South America [43]
Yellow-chevroned parakeet [44]
Red-masked parakeet [45]
Red-crowned amazon [46][47]
Lilac-crowned amazon in California [48]
Red-lored amazon in California [49]
Yellow-headed amazon [50]
Turquoise-fronted amazon [51]
Monk parakeet from South America
Rose-ringed parakeet from Africa/Asia [52]
White-winged parakeet from South America [53]
Sulphur-crested cockatoo in Florida [54]
Chestnut-fronted macaw from South America (in Florida [55])
Military macaw in Florida [56]
Blue-and-yellow macaw in Florida from South America [57]
Red-and-green macaw in Florida [58]
Common cardinal in California from elsewhere in North America [59]
Yellow-crowned bishop from Africa (in Florida)
Northern red bishop from Africa (in California)
Muscovy duck from Central America and South America
Mute swan from Europe
Ring-necked pheasant from Asia and Europe
Common peafowl from Asia (in California)[60][61]
Wild turkey from Eastern USA (in California)[62]
Helmeted guineafowl from Africa [63]
Pied crow in Florida [64]
Red-whiskered bulbul from Asia (in California and Florida)[65][66]
Rock pigeon from Europe
Spotted dove from Asia (in California) [67]
Western swamphen [68]
Chicken from Asia
Emu from Australia (in Florida [69])
Spectacled caiman (in the Caribbean islands, California, Florida, and other states)[70]
Nile crocodile in Florida [71]
Brown anole
Hispaniolan green anole in Florida [72]
Puerto Rican crested anole in Florida [73]
Largehead anole in Florida [74]
Bark anole in Florida [75]
Knight anole in Florida [76]
Cuban green anole in Florida [77]
Jamaican giant anole in Florida [78]
Green iguana [79]
Brown basilisk in Florida [80]
Mexican spiny-tailed iguana [81]
Black spiny-tailed iguana in Florida [82]
Common agama [83]
Oriental garden lizard [84]
Common butterfly lizard in Florida [85]
Ashy gecko in Florida [86]
Ocellated gecko in Florida [87]
Common house gecko [88]
Indo-Pacific gecko [89]
Mediterranean house gecko [90]
Tropical house gecko [91]
Tokay gecko [92]
Madagascan giant day gecko
Giant ameiva – Ameiva ameiva in Florida [93]
Argentine black and white tegu (in Florida only)[94][95]
Rainbow whiptail in Florida [96]
Cnemidophorus motaguae [97]
Eutropis multifasciata [98]
Italian wall lizard
Common wall lizard (in northeast United States)
Northern curlytail lizard in Florida [99]
Hispaniolan curlytail lizard in Florida [100]
Nile monitor (in California[101] and Florida)
Common snapping turtle (in nonnative parts of USA including California, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, and other states)[102]
Spiny softshell turtle (in California) [103]
Red-eared slider in California, from other parts of US [104]
Painted turtle - Phoenix, Arizona [105][106]
Brahminy blind snake
Banded water snake into Texas and California introduced from the southern US [107]
Boa constrictor[108]
Burmese python (in the Everglades only)[109][110]
Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated.
Greenhouse frog
Cuban tree frog
Eastern tiger salamander into California, Nevada and Arizona from native areas of the US
Common mudpuppy (in Maine and other Northeastern states)
American bullfrog (in California, Arizona, Utah, non-native parts of Colorado and Nebraska, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and Nantucket island)
Cane toad (in Florida only)
Northern red-legged frog (in Alaska only)[111]
African clawed frog (in California and Arizona only)
Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated.
Pterygoplichthys anisitsi - Florida
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus - Florida, North Carolina
Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus - Florida
Pterygoplichthys pardalis - North Carolina
Hoplosternum littorale - Florida
Hypostomus plecostomus - Texas
Walking catfish from Asia (in Florida)
Convict cichlid from Central America
Amphilophus citrinellus - Florida
Salvin's cichlid - Florida
Cichlasoma bimaculatum - Florida
Banded cichlid - Florida
Parachromis managuensis - Florida
Jack Dempsey - South Dakota
Butterfly peacock bass from South America (in Florida)
Mayan cichlid from Asia (in Florida)
Round goby from Eurasia
Oriental goby from Japan (in California and Florida)
Western tubenose goby from Europe
Shokihaze goby - California
Shimofuri goby - California
Chameleon goby - California
Rhinogobius brunneus - Washington
White bass from Oklahoma (in California)
Asian swamp eel from Asia
Blue tilapia from Africa
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Blackchin tilapia - Florida
Heterotilapia buttikoferi - Florida
Spotted tilapia - Florida
Tilapia zillii
Oreochromis urolepis - California
Alewife (in Great Lakes)
Pond loach from Asia
Eurasian ruffe from Eurasia
Common carp from Europe
Bighead carp from China
Silver carp from Asia
Black carp from Asia
Grass carp from Asia
Goldfish from Asia
Guppy from South America
Poecilia mexicana
Poecilia sphenops - Montana and Nevada
Sea lamprey (introduced into the Great Lakes through the Welland canal c. 1921)
Oscar from South America
Red-bellied piranha - Florida [112]
Northern snakehead
Channa marulius - Florida
Tench from Eurasia
Common rudd from Europe
Red lionfish (in Caribbean seas and shorelines on the east coast of the U.S.A only)
Belonesox belizanus - Florida
Clown featherback - Florida
Hemichromis letourneuxi - Florida
Royal gramma - Florida
Hypomesus nipponensis - California
Hypsoblennius invemar
Ide
Macrognathus siamensis - Florida
European bitterling - New York
Rivulus hartii - California
Zander - North Dakota
Croaking gourami - Florida
Green swordtail
Southern platyfish
Variatus platy
Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated.
European green crab from Atlantic coasts of Europe and Northern Africa
Chinese mitten crab from the coastal rivers and estuaries of the Yellow Sea
Japanese shore crab from Japan
Spiny waterflea from northern Europe and western Russia
Fishhook waterflea from the Ponto-Caspian region
Daphnia lumholtzi
Penaeus monodon
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Hemimysis anomala
Echinogammarus ischnus
Bosmina coregoni
Eubosmina maritima
Argulus japonicus
Megacyclops viridis
Neoergasilus japonicus
Canthocamptus hibernicus
Nitokra incerta
Schizopera borutzkyi
Thermocyclops crassus
Amphibalanus amphitrite[113]
Marine
Common periwinkle from Europe [114]
Veined rapa whelk from the Sea of Japan
Perna viridis - Florida
Myosotella myosotis[115]
Musculista senhousia[116]
Potamocorbula amurensis[117]
Venerupis philippinarum[118]
American limpet into the coasts of British-Columbia and Washington state from the Western Atlantic Ocean [119]
Freshwater
Chinese mystery snail from Asia
Cipangopaludina japonica
Marisa cornuarietis
Zebra mussel from the Caspian and Black Seas
New Zealand mud snail from New Zealand
Quagga mussel from Caspian and Black Seas
European fingernailclam from Europe
Asian clam from Asia
Pisidium amnicum
Pisidium henslowanum
Pisidium moitessierianum
Pisidium supinum
Mud bithynia from Europe
Red-rimmed melania from northern Africa to southern Asia
Pomacea canaliculata
Pomacea haustrum - Florida
Pomacea maculata
Radix auricularia
Valvata piscinalis - Great Lakes
Terrestrial
Grove snail from Europe
White-lipped snail from Europe
Helix aspera from Europe
Theba pisana from Europe
Leopard slug from Europe
Medicinal Leech
Ficopomatus enigmaticus - Australian tubeworm [120]
Dendrodrilus rubidus - trout worm [121]
Beetles and relatives
Mottled water hyacinth weevil from South America
Asian long-horned beetle
Brown spruce longhorn beetle from Europe
Harlequin ladybug
Emerald ash borer from Asia
European elm bark beetle
Southern mole cricket[122]
Flies and allies
Asian tiger mosquito
Birch leafminer
Formosan subterranean termite
Larch sawfly
European pine sawfly
European spruce sawfly
Aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects
Hemlock woolly adelgid from Japan
Balsam woolly adelgid
Pear thrip from Europe
Phorid fly from South America
Silverleaf whitefly
Beech scale
Pharaoh ant from Africa [123]
Red imported fire ant from South America
Black imported fire ant from Argentina [124][125][126]
Black-headed ant from Africa or Eurasia [127]
Hairy ant from Africa [128]
Argentine ant from Argentina [129]
Singapore ant from Singapore [130]
Floral ant from Asia [131]
European fire ant from Europe [132]
Caribbean crazy ant from Caribbean islands [133][134]
Asian needle ant from Asia [135]
Big-headed ant from Cameroon [136]
Technomyrmex albipes from Indonesia [137][138]
Electric ant from South America [139][140]
Varroa mite from Asia
Western honeybee from Europe
Africanized bee from Africa and South America
Moths and butterflies
Winter moth
Gypsy moth from Europe
European pine shoot moth
European or Essex skipper butterfly from Europe
Asian gypsy moth from Siberia
Cabbage white or small white butterfly from Europe
Larch casebearer
Brown marmorated stink bug from Asia
Lesser brown scorpion from Asia [141]
Craspedacusta sowerbii from China [142]
Blackfordia virginica
Australian spotted jellyfish from Australia [143]
Cordylophora caspia - freshwater hydroid
Lophopodella carteri - freshwater bryozoan
Stephanella hina - bryozoan
Diadumene lineata - orange-striped green sea anemone [144]
Botrylloides violaceus - a colonial sea squirt [145]
Botryllus schlosseri - star ascidian [146]
Styela clava - stalked sea squirt [147]
This is a non-exhaustive list of some of the more significant plant species
Ailanthus altissima – tree-of-heaven from Eurasia [148]
Prunus cerasus – dwarf cherry from Eurasia [149]
Ficus benjamina – weeping fig from Asia [150]
Ficus benghalensis – banyan from Asia [151]
Ficus religiosa – sacred fig from Asia [152]
Acer platanoides – Norway maple from Europe
Taraxacum officinale – dandelion from Europe
Nymphaea odorata – American waterlily in California from native parts of North America [153]
Eurasian watermilfoil from Europe, Asia and northern Africa
Ice plant from South Africa
Eucalypts from Australia
Hesperis matronalis – dame's rocket from Eurasia
Vicia cracca – cow vetch from Eurasia
Vicia villosa – hairy vetch from Eurasia
Lonicera japonica – Japanese honeysuckle
Lonicera maackii – amur honeysuckle
Rosa multiflora – multiflora rose
Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife
Pueraria montana – kudzu (a.k.a. Pueraria lobata) from Japan
Bambusa vulgaris - common bamboo from China
Allium sativum – garlic[154]
Allium cepa – onion
Daucus carota - wild carrot [155]
Radish[156]
Allium neapolitanum - false garlic [157]
Celastrus orbiculatus – Oriental bittersweet
Elaeagnus umbellata – autumn olive
Alliaria petiolata – garlic mustard
Hydrilla verticillata – hydrilla from India and Sri Lanka
Trapa natans – water caltrop from Eurasia
Eichhornia crassipes – water hyacinth from South America
Pistia stratiotes – water lettuce from South America
ipomoea aquatica – water spinach from India and southeast Asia
Arundo donax – giant reed from the Mediterranean
Conium maculatum – poison hemlock from Europe
Salvinia molesta – giant salvinia from Brazil
Hedera helix – english ivy from Europe
Fucus serratus – rockweed from Europe
Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides – green sea fingers
Centaurea diffusa – diffuse knapweed
Cytisus scoparius – Scotch broom from Europe
Sorghum halepense – Johnson grass from Europe
Sargassum horneri [158]
Phytophthora ramorum - the cause of sudden oak death[159]
Donkey
Horse
Fallow deer - Guiana Island and Barbuda
Cattle - at least Hispaniola
Goat
Barbary sheep - Mexico
Pig [160][161][162]
Monkeys:
Mona monkey from Africa (in Grenada)[163]
Green monkey (previously identified as the vervet monkey) [164]
Stump-tailed macaque - small population on the islands in Laguna Catemaco
Rhesus macaque - there were established populations in Puerto Rico up until 2010 [165][166]. There has since been an unpublicised eradication program by the Puerto Rican government,[167][168] which may have been successful [169], which would limit the population to research establishments.[170]
Patas monkey from Africa (in Puerto Rico)[171]
Small Asian mongoose from Asia (in Caribbean islands)
Dog
Cat
European rabbit - population on Clarion Island not yet eradicated
European hare - on Barbados
Brown rat
Black rat
House mouse
Mallard[172]
Feral pigeon
Chicken
Eurasian collared dove
European starling
Pin-tailed whydah into Puerto Rico [173][174]
Javan myna into Puerto Rico [175]
Common hill myna into Puerto Rico [176]
Java sparrow [177]
Common waxbill [178]
Village weaver [179]
Scarlet macaw into Puerto Rico from native parts of the Americas [180]
Blue-and-yellow macaw into Puerto Rico from native parts of the Americas [181]
Orange-winged amazon [182]
Budgerigar [183]
Monk parakeet [184]
White-winged parakeet into Puerto Rico [185]
Nanday parakeet into Puerto Rico [186]
Green-rumped parrotlet [187]
Spectacled caiman - Cuba and Puerto Rico [188][189]
Burmese python - Puerto Rico [190]
Common coquí - U.S. Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic
Greenhouse frog - Jamaica, Bahamas
Cuban tree frog
Scinax ruber - Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
Cane toad
American bullfrog
Mozambique tilapia
Leaf-cutting ant into Guadeloupe from South America [191][192]
Rhesus macaque from Asia (in Brazil) [193]
Beaver from North America to Tierra del Fuego
Muskrat
Brown rat
Black rat
House mouse
European hare from Europe to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Brazil
European rabbit
Small Asian mongoose from Asia to Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname
American mink
Dog
Cat
Chital from Asia to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile
Elk from North America
Reindeer from North America [194]
Red deer from Europe
Blackbuck from Asia to Argentina and Uruguay
Himalayan tahr from New Zealand (originally from Asia)
Fallow deer
Water buffalo - at least Brazil
Cattle
Wild boar from Europe
Goat
Feral horse from Europe [195]
Hippopotamus from Africa to Colombia, Originally kept by Pablo Escobar
Chicken
White-faced whistling duck in Costa Rica
American bullfrog
Cherry barb from Sri Lanka
Mozambique tilapia
Barbary macaque - Gibraltar (from North Africa)
Common raccoon - (from North America)
North African hedgehog - (from Africa)
Raccoon dog - throughout Central and Eastern Europe into E Scandinavia (from Asia)
European brown bear - through most of its range in mainland Europe (reintroduced)
American mink - Spain, N. France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Scandinavia, Lithuania, Belarus, etc. (from North America)
Egyptian mongoose - Portugal, southern Spain, island of Mljet (from North Africa)
Small Asian mongoose - Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Adriatic islands
Common genet - from Africa to Europe
Cat
Deer:
Sika deer - France, Germany, Ireland, Denmark, Poland, Austria (from Asia)
Axis deer - Italy, Slovenia, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Russia east of Black Sea (from South Asia)
White-tailed deer - S Finland (from North America)
Chinese water deer - France (from China)[196]
Elk - at least one example into Italy [197]
Barbary sheep - Spain (from Africa)
Goat
Greenland muskox - Norway, Sweden (from Greenland)
European bison - mainland Europe (reintroduced)
European beaver - Finland (reintroduced)
North American beaver - Finland, Russia
Grey squirrel - Italy, Scotland, England, Ireland (from North America)
Finlayson's squirrel[198]
Pallas's squirrel[199]
Siberian chipmunk - France, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Finland, England (from further east in Eurasia)
Muskrat - E Scandinavia, W France, north to Denmark, east to Ukraine, south to N Greece
Brown rat - throughout (from Asia)
Black rat - throughout (from South-East Asia or China, via India and Middle East)
House mouse - throughout (from N Iran border)
Coypu - (from South America)
Cottontail rabbit - Spain, France, Italy (from North America)
Bennett's wallaby - from Australia
Griffon vulture - in most of its range in Europe (reintroduced)
Sacred ibis - France (from Africa)
Black swan - Poland, Netherlands (from Australia)
Canada goose - N Europe (France to Scandinavia) (from North America)
Swan goose - (from Asia)
Nene - (from Hawaii)
Bar-headed goose - UK, Netherlands
Egyptian goose - UK, Netherlands (from Africa)
Ruddy duck - spreading from UK (from North America)
Common pheasant - throughout (from Asia)
California quail - Denmark, Germany, Italy (from North America)
Northern bobwhite - C France (from North America)
Daurian partridge - Italy, Russia, Ukraine (from S Siberia & C Asia)
Reeves's pheasant - France, Czech Republic (from China)
Wild turkey - Germany (from North America)
Rose-ringed parakeet - Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, W Germany
Monk parakeet - Italy, Slovakia (from South America)
Common mynah - Russia (from India)
Common waxbill - Portugal (from Africa)
Red avadavat - Spain, Po Delta (from India)
Greater rhea - Germany (from South America)
Pond slider - (from North America)
Knight anole - (from Cuba)[200]
Common garter snake - Sweden (from North America)
Common snapping turtle - Italy (from North America)
Spur-thighed tortoise - Italy, Spain, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, and Balaeric Islands (from Africa)[201]
Chinese softshell turtle - Spain (from China)[202]
Bullfrog - southern Europe (from North America)
African clawed frog - (from Africa)
Paddletail newt - (from Asia)[203]
Bighead carp - (from East Asia)
Black bullhead - (from North America)
Brown bullhead - (from North America)
Chameleon goby - (from East Asia)
Chinese sleeper - (from China)
Eastern mosquitofish - (from North America)
Haarder - (from East Asia)
Pumpkinseed - (from North America)
Silver carp - (from East Asia)
Stone moroko - (from China)
Asian predatory wasp (in France)[204]
Northern common cuscus from Australia [205]
Formosan rock macaque in Japan (from mainland Asia)[206]
Rhesus macaque in Japan (from mainland Asia)[207]
Small Asian mongoose in Japan (from mainland Asia)[208]
Common raccoon from North America
Cat from Africa
American mink from North America
Muskrat from North America
Nutria from South America
European rabbit from Europe
Donkey - Sri Lanka
Southern white rhinoceros from Africa to China[209]
Muskox - Russia
Northern bobwhite [210][211]
Budgerigar [212]
Common snapping turtle [213][214]
Pond slider [215][216]
Carolina anole [217][218]
Brown anole into Taiwan [219]
Cane toad[220]
American bullfrog
African clawed frog [221]
Chinese giant salamander into Japan from China [222]
Mosquitofish [223]
Guppy [224]
Poecilia sphenops [225]
Green swordtail [226]
Brook trout [227]
Lake trout [228]
Mozambique tilapia
Convict cichlid [229]
Nile tilapia [230]
Otopharynx lithobates [231]
Tilapia zillii [232]
Bluegill [233]
Smallmouth bass [234]
Largemouth bass [235]
Odontesthes bonariensis [236]
Channel catfish [237]
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus [238]
Rhabdoscelus obscurus [239]
Euscepes postfasciatus [240]
Hypera postica [241]
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus [242]
Epilachna varivestis [243]
Fall webworm
Western flower thrips [244]
German cockroach
Liriomyza sativae [245]
Liriomyza trifolii [246]
Silverleaf whitefly [247]
Greenhouse whitefly [248]
Argentine ant [249]
Solenopsis geminata [250]
Bombus terrestris
Redback spider
Procambarus clarkii [251]
Pyromaia tuberculata [252]
Signal crayfish [253]
Carcinus aestuarii [254]
Megabalanus coccopoma [255]
Crangonyx floridanus [256]
Mediterranean mussel
Xenostrobus securis [257]
Black-striped mussel
Crepidula onyx [258]
New Zealand mud snail
Pomacea canaliculata
Lissachatina fulica
Decollate snail [259]
Ambigolimax valentianus [260]
Euglandina rosea [261]
Molgula manhattensis [262]
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [263]
Globodera rostochiensis [264]
Platydemus manokwari
Wild boar (native to certain parts of North Africa; introduced populations rare and concentrated in the southern part of the continent)
Feral goat
European rabbit (introduced mainly to islands; native to a small area in northwestern Africa)
European hare - on Réunion
Indian hare
Coypu - Kenya
Fallow deer
Himalayan tahr (largely eradicated)
Rusa deer
Red deer - South Africa
Feral horse - see Namib Desert Horse
Feral donkey
Feral cat
Feral dog
House mouse
Brown rat
Black rat
Grey squirrel (restricted to the extreme southwestern corner of the continent)
Crab-eating macaque - Mauritius
Small Asian mongoose - Mauritius
Small Indian civet - Madagascar
Asian house shrew
Common brown lemur from Madagascar (in the island of Mayotte)
Mallard
Common mynah
Domestic goose
Rock pigeon
House crow
Ruddy duck
House sparrow
Common starling
Chaffinch - restricted to a few suburbs of Cape Town, a city in the southwest of South Africa
Wattle-necked softshell turtle [265]
Brazilian pepper tree
Bugweed
Camphor tree
Spanish broom
Prickly pear
Stone pine
Cluster pine
Pampas grass
Guava
St John's wort
Weeping willow
Water hyacinth
Acacia cyclops
Acacia mearnsii
Acacia saligna
Centranthus ruber
Eucalyptus
Hakea
Lantana
Tipuana tipu
