Governors in the various provinces of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
In addition to governors, the following list (under construction) intends to give an overview of colonial units of the provincial level; therefore it also includes some offices of similar rank, especially the intendant. Intendente is both a Spanish and Portuguese word, derived from the French Intendant. It was introduced to the Spanish Empire by the Bourbon Dynasty, which Spain shared with France after the early 18th century. This list also does not distinguish between Gobernaciones and Provincias, because they were essentially two grades of provinces.
Under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo and the administrative supervision of its President-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.
Island of Santo Domingo
1492–1499 Christopher Columbus, as Governor or Viceroy of the Indies.
1499–1502 Francisco de Bobadilla, as Governor of the Indies.
1502–1509 Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, as Governor of the Indies.
1509–1518 Diego Colón, as Governor of the Indies until 1511, thereafter as Viceroy of the Indies.
1526 Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo established.
1536 Viceroyalty of the Indies purchased by Crown from Luis Colón. Santo Domingo directly administered by the President-Captain General of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo.
1795–1808 Spanish part of the Island ceded to France in the Peace of Basel. Island ceases to be a Spanish possession.
1808–1821 After local revolts and subsequent defeat of the French, Santo Domingo realigns itself with Spain. Yet, this is the era of "Foolish Spain" and the colony is loosely held.
1821–1844 Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo by Jean-Pierre Boyer
1844–1861 Birth of the Dominican Republic as an independent country, yet due to fears of re invasion by the Haitian Armies, Dominican Republic realigns itself with Spain.
1861–1865 Territory is re-Colonized by Spain and Pedro Santana is appointed Governor and Captain General of the Colony of Dominican Republic.
1865 Dominican Republic is restored as a sovereign nation.
Island of Cuba
See List of colonial heads of Cuba.
1510 Conquered by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, who becomes first Governor.
1511 Settlers create Municipality of Barbacoa to separate Island from the Viceroyalty of Diego Colón.
1607 Governor given additional office of Captain General. Pedro Váldez first Governor-Captain General.
1765 Independent Intendancy created for the Island. First Intendant was Miguel de Altarriba.
1795 Audiencia of Santo Domingo moves to Cuba; becomes Audiencia of Puerto Príncipe.
1821 Collapse of the Viceroyalty of New Spain makes Island of Cuba principal possession of the Spanish Monarchy in America.
Island of Puerto Rico
See List of Governors of Puerto Rico.
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo.
1508 First settlement established by Juan Ponce de León, who becomes first Governor.
1511 Island returned to the Viceroyalty of Diego Colón.
1536 Crown purchases Viceroyalty from Luis Colón, Diego's son.
1536–1545 Each half of the Island administered by the Alcaldes of San Juan and San Germán.
1545 Governorship reestablished.
1580 Governor given additional office of Captain General.
1784 Governor-Captain General given additional office of Intendant.
1821 Collapse of Viceroyalty of New Spain. Island of Puerto Rico under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Puerto Príncipe, Cuba.
Intendancy issues handled by the Cuban Intendancy starting in 1763.
1565 Granted right to communicate directly to the Council of the Indies. Florida overseen by President of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo until subordinated to Cuba in 1763.
10 February 1763 Traded to Britain (exchanged for Cuba); division into two colonies, East Florida and West Florida.
9 May 1781 West Florida retaken by Spain.
23 September 1783 East and West Florida formally returned to Spain (subordinated to Cuba).
27 October 1785 Northern boundary of Florida established by the Treaty of San Lorenzo/Pinckney's Treaty.
22 February 1819 Ceded to U.S. by Adams-Onís Treaty.
Province of Nueva Andalucía
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo until the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1739.
1536 Province of New Andalusia created.
1568 New Andalusia joined with neighboring Province of Paria; first Governor Diego Hernández de Serpa.
1739 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Bogotá in judicial matters.
1739–1777 Maintained under the administration of the President of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo.
1777 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo in judicial matters; under the Captain General of Venezuela in administrative matters.
1786 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Caracas in judicial matters.
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1787 Intendencia of Vera Cruz, part of New Spain.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Transformed into State of Veracruz.
1787–1790 Pedro de Corbalán
1790–1794 Pedro Fernández de Gorositza y Lorea
1794–1796 Pedro Ponce
1796–1799 Diego García Panes
1799–1810 García Dávila
1810–1812 Carlos de Urrutia y Montoya
1812–1814 Pedro Telmo Landero
1814–1815 José de Quevedo
1816–1818 José Dávila (First time)
1818–1819 Pascual Sebastián de Liñán y Dolz de Espejo
1819–1821 José Dávila (Second time)
Administered directly by the Viceroy and the Real Audiencia of Mexico; see List of viceroys of New Spain.
See Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire for early history.
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1787 Intendencia of Puebla established.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Puebla transformed into the State of Puebla.
1787–1811 Manuel Flón y Tejada, conde de la Cadena
1811–1812 García Dávila
1812 Santiago de Irissari
1812–1813 Prudencio de Guadalfajara y Aguilera, conde de Castro Terreño
1814 Ramón Díaz Ortega
1814–1815 José Moreno y Daioz
1815–1816 Joaquín Estévez
1816–1821 Ciriaco del Llano
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1521 Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca created for Hernán Cortés.
1787 Intendencia of Oaxaca, part of New Spain.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1787–1808 Antonio de Mora y Peysal
1808–1810 Antonio María Izquierdo de la Torre
1810–1814 Joseph María Lazo y Nacarino
1814–1816 Francisco Rendón (First time)
1816–1818 Antonio Basilio Gutiérrez de Ulloa
1818–1821 Francisco Rendón (Second time)
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1787 Intendencia of Valladolid created.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Valladolid transformed into State of Michoacán.
1787–1791 Juan Antonio de Riaño y Bárcena de los Cuentos y Velarde
1797–1808 Felipe Díaz de Ortega Bustillo
1810–1821 Manuel Merino y Moreno
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1787 Intendecia of Guanajuato created.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1787–1790 Andrés de Amat y Torosa
1790–1792 Pedro José Soriano
1792–1810 Juan Antonio Riaño y Barcena de los Cuentos y Velarde
1810–1821 Fernando Pérez Marañón
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico.
1787 Intendencia of San Luis Potosí created.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1787–1799 Bruno Díaz de Alcedo
1799–1800 Vicente Bernabeu
1800–1804 Onésimo Antonio Durán
1804–1805 Manuel Ampudía
1805–1809 José Ignacio Vélez
1809–1810 José Ruíz de Aguirre
1810–1821 Manuel Jacinto de Acevedo
1517 Claimed for Spain.
1519 Spanish colonization of the Yucatán peninsula begins.
1527–1543 Province of Yucatán, subordinated to Nueva España (see Mexico).
1543–1549 Subordinated to the Kingdom of Guatemala (autonomous part of the Viceroyalty).
1543–1560 Part of Captaincy of Gracias (Yucatán, Chiapas, Tabasco, Panama and Central America).
1549–1550 Subordinated to Nueva España.
1550–1560 Subordinated to Guatemala.
1560 Subordinated to Nueva España.
1617 Captaincy General of the Yucatán established.
1787 Intendencia of Mérida created.
28 September 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Yucatán transformed into a state.
1526–1540 Francisco de Montejo (First time)
1540–1546 Francisco de Montejo, El Mozo (the younger)
1546–1549 Francisco de Montejo (Second time)
1549–1565 The Alcaldes of Mérida
1565–1571 Luis de Céspedes y Oviedo
1571–1573 Diego de Santillán
1573–1577 Francisco de Solís
1577–1582 Guillén de las Casas
1582–1586 Francisco de Solís
1586–1593 Antonio de Vozmediano
1593–1595 Alonso Ordóñez de Nevares
1595–1596 Pablo Higueras de la Cerda
1596–1597 Carlos Sámano y Quiñónes
1597–1604 Diego Fernández de Velasco y Enríquez de Almansa
1604–1612 Carlos de Luna y Arellano
1612–1617 Antonio de Figueroa y Bravo
1617–1619 Francisco Ramírez Briceño
1619–1620 The Alcaldes of Mérida
1620–1621 Arias de Losada y Taboada
1621–1628 Diego de Cardenas y Balda
1628–1630 Juan de Vargas Machuca
1631–1633 Fernando Centeño Maldonaldo (First time)
1633–1635 Jerónimo de Quero y Jiménez
1635–1636 Fernando Centeño Maldonaldo (Second time)
1636–1643 Diego Zapata de Cárdenas, marqués de Santo Floro
1643–1644 Francisco Núñez Melián
1644–1645 Enrique de Ávila Pacheco (First time)
1645–1648 Esteban de Azcárraga y Veytias
1648–1650 Enrique de Ávila Pacheco (Second time)
1650–1652 García Valdés de Osorio Dóriga y Tiñeo, marqués de Peñalba
1652–1653 Martín Roble y Villfañe
1653–1655 Pedro Saenz Izquierdo
1655–1660 Francisco de Bazán
1660–1662 José Campero y Campos
1663–1664 Juan Francisco Esquivel y de la Rosa (First time)
1664 Rodrigo de Flores y Aldana (First time)
1664–1667 Juan Francisco Esquivel y de la Rosa (Second time)
1667–1669 Rodrigo de Flores y Aldana (Second time)
1669–1670 Frutos Delgado
1670–1672 Fernando Francisco de Escobedo
1672–1674 Miguel Cordornio de Sola
1674–1677 Sancho Fernández de Angulo y Sandoval
1677–1683 Antonio de Layseca y Alvarado de la Ronda
1683–1688 Juan Bruno Téllez de Guzmán
1688–1693 Juan José de la Bárcena
1693–1699 Roque Soberanis y Centeño
1699–1703 Martín de Urzúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga (first term)
1703–1706 Álvaro de Rivaguda Enciso y Luyando
1706–1708 Martín de Urzúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga (second term)
1708–1712 Fernando de Meneses y Bravo de Saravia
1712–1715 Alonso de Meneses y Bravo de Saravia
1715–1720 Juan Jose de Vertiz y Ontanón
1720–1724 Antonio Cortaire y Terreros
1724–1733 Antonio de Figueroa y Silva Lasso de la Vega Ladrón del Niño de Guevara
1733–1734 Juan Fernández de Sabariego
1734–1736 Santiago de Aguirre Negro y Estrada Martínez de Maturana y Estrada
1736–1743 Manuel Ignacio Salcedo y Sierra Alta y Rado y Bedia
1743–1750 Anontio de Benevides
1750–1752 Juan José de Clou, marqués de Iscar
1752–1758 Melchor de Navarrette
1758–1761 Alonso Fernández de Heredia
1761–1762 José Crespo y Honorato
1762–1763 Antonio Ainz de Ureta
1763 José Álvarez
1763–1764 Felipe Ramírez de Estenoz
1764–1771 Cristóbal de Zayas
1771–1777 Antonio de Oliver
1778–1779 Hugo Ocónor Cunco y Fali
1779–1783 Roberto Rivas Betancourt
1783–1789 José Marino y Ceballos
1789–1793 Lucas de Gálvez
1793–1800 Arturo O' Neil y O' Kelly
1800–1811 Benito Pérez Brito de los Ríos y Fernández Valdelomar
1812–1815 Manuel Artazo y Torredemer
1815–1820 Miguel Castro y Araoz
1820–1821 Mariano Carrillo y Albornoz
1821 Juan María Echéverri
1531 Nueva Galicia conquered and created by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, first President of the Real Audiencia of Mexico.
1535 Viceroyalty established, Antonio de Mendoza first Viceroy.
1545 Alcaldia Mayor of Nueva Galicia established.
1549 Audiencia of Nueva Galicia established; administration given to Audiencia President.
1787 Intendencia of Guadalajara created; Audiencia Presidency becomes a judicial role.
1821 Intendancy of Guadalajara part of independent Mexico.
1824 Guadalajara becomes State of Jalisco.
1679–1702 Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierre
1702–1703 Antonio Hipólito de Abarca Vidal y Valda
1703–1708 Juan de Escalante Colombres y Mendoza
1708–1716 Toribio Rodríguez de Solís
1716–1724 Tomás Terán de los Ríos
1724–1727 Nicolás Rivera y Santa Cruz
1727–1732 Tomás Rivera y Santa Cruz
1732–1737 José Barragán de Burgos
1737–1743 Francisco de Aiza, marqués del Castillo de Aiza
1743–1751 Fermín de Echevers y Subiza
1751–1760 José de Basarte y Borán
1760–1761 Francisco Galindo Quiñónes y Barrientos (First time)
1761–1764 Pedro Montesinos de Lara
1764–1771 Francisco Galindo Quiñónes y Barrientos (Second time)
1771–1776 Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño (First time)
1776–1777 Ruperto Vicente de Luyando
1777–1786 Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño (Second time)
1787–1791 Antonio de Villaurrutia y Salcedo
1791–1798 Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyola
1800–1804 José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
1804–1805 José Ignacio Ortiz de Salinas
1805–1811 Roque Abarca
1811–1821 José de la Cruz
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara.
1787 Intendencia of Zacatecas, part of New Spain.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Province transformed into State of Zacatecas.
1789–1792 Felipe Cleere
1792–1796 José de Peón y Valdés
1796–1810 Francisco Rendón
1810–1811 Miguel de Rivera, conde de Santiago de la Laguna
1811 José Manuel de Ochoa
1811 Juan José Zambrano
1811–1812 Martín de Mednina
1812–1814 Santiago de Irisarri
1814–1816 Diego García Conde
1816–1820 José de Gayangos
1821–1823 Manuel Orive y Novales
Province of Nuevo Santander
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara.
1746 Spanish settlement begins.
1748 Province of Nuevo Santander created.
1777–1793 Part of Provincias Internas.
1812–1822 Part of Provincias Internas.
1822 Part of independent Mexico as Tamaulipas.
Governors of Nuevo Santander
31 May 1748 – 8 April 1767 José de Escandón y Helguera
8 April 1767 – 20 January 1768 Juan Fernando de Palacio
20 January 1768 – 18 September 1769 José Rubio
18 September 1769 – 12 August 1777 Vicente González Santianés
August 1777 – 19 February 1779 Francisco de Echegaray
19 February 1779 – 17 April 1779 Vacant
17 April 1779 – 21 November 1779 Manuel Medina
21 November 1779 – 17 February 1780 Vacant
17 February 1780 – 17 March 1781 Manuel Ignacio de Escandón (First time)
17 March 1781 – 20 February 1786 Diego Lazaga
20 February 1786 – 23 December 1788 Juan Miguel Zozaya (First time)
23 December 1788 – 18 June 1789 Melchor Vidal de Lorca
20 June 1789 – 10 September 1789 Juan Miguel Zozaya (Second time)
10 September 1789 – 10 July 1790 Manuel Muñoz
10 July 1790 – 21 May 1800 Manuel Ignacio de Escandón (Second time)
21 May 1800 – January 1802 José Blanco
January 1802 – 18 April 1804 Francisco de Ixart
18 April 1804 – 18 September 1804 Pedro de Alba
18 September 1804 – 15 April 1811 Manuel de Iturbe y Iraeta
15 April 1811 – 1 May 1819 Joaquín de Arredondo
September 1819 – September 1819 Juan Fermín de Janicotena (acting)
1 May 1819 – 7 July 1821 José María Echeagaray
7 July 1821 – 22 September 1822 Felipe de la Garza Cisneros
Under the jurisdiction of Audiencia of Guadalajara.
1582 Nuevo Reino de León established.
1777–1793 Part of the Provincias Internas.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Kingdom transformed into State of Nuevo León.
1698–1703 Juan Francisco de Vergara y Mendoza
1703–1705 Francisco Báez Treviño (First time) (interim)
1705–1707 Gregorio de Salinas Verona
1707–1708 Cipriano García de Pruneda
1708–1710 Luis García de Pruneda (interim)
1710–1714 Francisco Mier y Torre
1714–1718 Francisco Báez Treviño (Second time) (interim)
1718–1719 Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón
1719–1723 Francisco de Bardadillo y Vittoria
1723–1725 Juan José de Arriaga y Brambila
1725–1730 Pedro de Saravia Cortés
1730–1731 Bernardino de Meneses Monroy y Mendonza Bracamonte, conde de Peñalba
1731–1740 José Antonio Fernández de Jáuregui y Urrita
1740–1746 Pedro del Barrio Junco y Espriella (First time)
1746–1752 Vicente Bueno de la Borbolla
1752–1757 Pedro del Barrio Junco y Espriella (Second time)
1757–1759 Domingo Miguel Guajardo (interim)
1759–1762 Juan Manuel Muñoz de Villavicencio
1762–1764 Carlos de Velasco
1764–1772 Ignacio Ussel y Guimbarda
1772–1773 Francisco de Echegaray
1773–1781 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena
1781–1785 Vicente González de Santianes
1785–1795 Joaquín de Mier y Noriega
1795–1805 Simón de Herrera y Leyva
1805–1810 Pedro de Herrera y Leyva
1810–1811 Manuel de Santa Maria
1813 Ramón Díaz Bustamante
1812–1817 The Alcaldes of Monterrey
1817–1818 Bernardo Villareal
1818–1821 Francisco Bruno Barrea
Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas
All Provincias Internas were under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara with oversight by the Viceroy before the creation of the Commandancy General.
1777 Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas created with autonomy from the Viceroy.
1788–1793 Divided into Eastern Provinces (Coahuila, Texas, Nuevo León, Nuevo Santander) and Western Provinces (Sonora, Nueva Vizcaya, Nuevo México, Las Californias).
1793 Nuevo León and Nuevo Santander removed from the Provincias Internas.
1812 Nuevo Santander part of the Provincias Internas.
1813–1821 Re-divided into Eastern and Western Commandancies General.
Commandants General
1777–1783 Teodoro Francisco de Croix, conde de Croix
1783–1784 Felipe de Neve
1784–1786 José Antonio Rengel de Alcaraz y Páez
1786–1788 Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola
1793–1802 Pedro de Nava
1802–1813 Nemesio Salcedo y Salcedo
Commandants General of the Eastern Provinces
1788–1791 Juan de Uglade
1791–1793 Ramón de Castro y Gutierrez
1813 Simón Herrera y Leyva
1813–1817 Joaquín de Arredondo y Mioño Pelegrin y Bustamante
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara.
1575 Part of Nueva Vizcaya.
23 January 1691 Province of Coahuila and Texas.
1716 Coahuila a separate province.
1777–1822 Part of the Provincias Internas.
1822 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Province transformed into State of Coahuila y Texas.
1698–1703 Francisco Cuervo y Valdés
1703–1705 Matías de Aguirre
1705–1708 Martín de Alarcón
1708–1714 Simón de Padilla y Córdova
1714 Pedro Fermín de Echever y Subiza
1714–1716 Juan de Valdes
1716–1717 José Antonio de Eca y Múzquiz
1717–1719 Martín de Alarcón
1719–1722 José Azlo y Virto de Vera, marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo
1722–1729 Blas de la Garza Falcón (First time)
1729–1733 Manuel de Sandoval
1733–1735 Blas de la Garza Falcón (Second time)
1735–1739 Clemente de la Garza Falcón
1739–1744 Juan García Pruneda
1744–1754 Pedro de Rábago y Terán
1754–1756 Manuel Antonio Bustillos y Ceballos
1756–1757 Miguel de Sesman y Escudero
1757–1759 Ángel Martos y Navarrette
1759–1762 Jacinto de Barríos y Jáguregui (First time)
1762–1764 Lorenzo Cancio Sierra y Cienfuegos
1764–1765 Diego Ortiz Parrilla
1765–1768 Jacinto de Barríos y Jáguregui (Second time)
1768–1769 José Costilla y Terán
1769–1777 Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyola
1777–1783 Juan de Ugalde
1783–1788 Pedro Fueros
1788–1790 Juan Gutiérrez de la Cueva (First time)
1790–1795 Miguel Jose de Emparán
1795–1797 Juan Gutiérrez de la Cueva (Second time)
1797–1805 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (First time)
1805–1809 José Joaquín de Ugarte
1809–1817 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (Second time)
1817–1818 Antonio García de Tejada
1818–1819 José Franco
1819–1820 Manuel Pardo
1820–1822 Antonio Elosúa
1682 Ruled as part of Coahuila; under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara.
February 1685 – January 1689 French establish Fort Saint Louis at Matagorda Bay.
1691 Province of Coahuila y Texas created.
c.1726 Coahuila and Texas separated.
1822 Province of Mexico.
14 October 1824 Transformed into State of Coahuila y Texas.
15 November 1835 Texas ruled by Provisional Government.
2 March 1836 Independent Republic of Texas established.
1595 Santa Fe de Nuevo México conquered and established.
1822 Part of independent Mexico.
14 October 1824 Territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México created.
Commandants General of the Western Provinces
1788–1790 Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola
1790–1793 Pedro de Nava
1813–1817 Bernardo Bonavia y Zapata
1817–1821 Alejo García Conde
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
1732 Province of Sonora y Sinaloa (formerly part of Nueva Vizcaya) created.
1777–1821 Part of the Provincias Internas.
1787 Intendencia of Sonora created.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Sonora y Sinaloa transformed into a State.
1734–1741 Manuel Bernal de Huidobro
1741–1748 Augustín de Vildósola
1748–1749 José Rafael Rodriguez Gallardo
1749–1753 Diego Ortiz de Parilla
1753–1755 Pablo de Arce y Arroyo
1755–1760 Juan Antonio de Mendoza
1760–1762 José Tiendra de Cuervo
1763–1770 Juan Claudio de Pineda
1770–1772 Pedro de Corbalán (First time)
1772–1773 Mateo Sastré
1773–1777 Francisco Antonio Crespo
1777–1787 Pedro de Corbalán (Second time)
1787–1789 Pedro Garrido y Durán
1789–1790 Augustín de la Cuenta y Zayas
1790–1793 Enrique Gimarest
1793–1796 Alonso Tresierra y Cano
1796–1813 Alejo García Conde
1813–1817 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (First time)
1818 Ignacio de Bustamante (First time)
1818 Manuel Fernández Rojo
1818–1819 Igancio de Bustamante (Second time)
1819 Juan José Lombrán
1819–1821 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (Second time)
Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara.
1562 Province of Nueva Vizcaya established.
1777–1821 Part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas.
1786 Intendencia of Durango established.
1821 Province part of independent Mexico
1824 Nueva Vizcaya transformed into the states of Durango and Chihuahua.
1562–1575 Francisco de Ibarra
1575–1576 Miguel Lopez de Ibarra
1576–1589 Diego de Ibarray Perez de Marqueagui
1589–1603 Rodrigo Rio de Losa y Rodriguez Gordujuela
1603–1612 Francisco de Urdiňola
1612–1624 Gaspar de Alvear
1624-1629 Mateo de Vega
1629–1631 Hipolito de Velasco
1631–1633 Luis de Velasco
1633–1638 Luis Monsalve y Saavedra
1638–1640 Francisco Bravo de la Serna
1640–1640 Luis de Valdes y Rejano
1640–1642 Fernando Suoza de Suarea
1642–1648 Luis de Valdes
1648–1654 Diego Guajardo Fajardo
1654–1660 Enrique Davila y Pacheco
1660–1666 Francisco Gorraez y Beaumont
1666–1671 Antonio Oca y Sarmiento
1671–1676 Jose Garcia Salcedo
1676–1676 Martin Rebollar y Cuevas
1676–1680 Lope de Sierra y Osorio
1680–1683 Bartolome Estrada de Valdez y Ramirez Jove
1683-1687 Jose de Neira y Quiroga
1688–1693 Juan Isidro de Pardiňas Villar de Francos
1693–1698 Gabriel del Castillo
1698–1703 Juan Bautista de Larrea Palomino y Solís
1703–1708 Juan Fernández de Córdoba
1708–1714 Antonio de Deza y Ulloa
1714–1720 Juan Manuel de San Juan y Santa Cruz
1720–1723 Martín de Alday
1723–1727 José Sebastián López de Carvajal
1728–1733 Ignacio Francisco de Barrutia y Aeta Esenagucia
1733–1738 Juan José Vértiz y Ontañón
1738–1743 Juan Bautista de Belaunzarán y Zumeta
1743–1748 José Enrique de Cosío, marqués de Torre Campo
1748–1753 Jaun Francico de la Puerta y de la Barrera
1753–1761 Mateo Antonio de Mendoza Díaz de Arce
1761–1769 José Carlos de Agüero y González de Agüero
1769–1776 José de Fayni y Gálvez
1776–1784 Felipe de Barri
1784–1785 Juan Velázquez
1785–1785 Manuel Muñoz
1785–1786 Manuel Flon y Tejada, conde de la Cadena
1786–1791 Felipe Díaz de Ortega Bustillo
1791–1793 Francisco Antonio de Potau y de Colón de Portugal
1793–1796 Francisco José de Urrutia Montoya
1796–1813 Bernardo Bonavia y Zapata
1813–1817 Alejo Garcia Conde
1817–1818 Angel Pinilla y Pérez
1818–1819 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante
1819–1821 Diego García Conde
28 September 1542 – First European landing by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo.
4 November 1595 – Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño claims the coast for Spain.
1697 – First Mission erected in Baja California.
1768 – Spanish settlement begins.
1769 – First Mission and Presidio erected in 'upper' California.
3 June 1770 – Province of Las Californias established.
1804 – Provinces of Alta California and Baja California created.
11 April 1822 – Both provinces part of independent Mexican Empire as the Territories of Baja and Alta California.
1768 – 9 July 1770 Gaspar de Portolá (1723–1786)
March 1770 - March 4, 1775 Felipe de Barri (?-1784 - civil Governor in Loreto)
9 July 1770 – 23 March 1774 Pedro Fages (1730–1796?)
23 March 1774 – 3 February 1777 Fernando José Rivera y Moncada (1724–1781)
3 February 1777 – 7 September 1782 Felipe de Neve (1728–1784)
7 September 1782 – 17 April 1791 Pedro Fages (s.a.)
17 April 1791 – 9 April 1792 José Antonio de Roméu, conde de Rivera Gigado (1842–1792)
9 April 1792 – November 1794 José Joaquín de Arrillaga (First time) (1750–1814) (acting)
November 1794 – 16 January 1800 Diego de Borica (1742–1800)
16 January 1800 – 11 March 1802 Pedro de Alberni (acting) (1747–1802)
11 March 1802 – 1804 José Joaquín de Arrillaga (Second time) (s.a.)
See List of pre-statehood governors of California for Governors of Alta California (Spanish: 1804–1822, Mexican: 1822–1847).
Under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala and the administrative supervision of its President-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.
Directly administered by the President-Captain General of the Real Audiencia of Santo Guatemala.
1529 Province of Chiapas established.
1576 Alcaldía Mayor of Ciudad Real de Chiapa
1769 Divided into Alcaldía Mayor of Ciudad Real and Alcaldía Mayor of Tuxtla
20 September 1786 Intendencia of Ciudad Real de Chiapas created.
1821 Part of independent Mexico.
1824 Province transformed into State of Chiapas, with the exception of Soconusco.
1528–1529 Diego de Mazariegos
1529–1531 Juan Enríquez de Guzmán
1531 Diego de Olguín
1532–1535 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (First time)
1535–1537 García de Padilla
1537–1540 Baltazar Guerra de la Vega
1540 Gonzalo de Ovalle (First time)
1540 García de Mendano (First time)
1540–1542 Francisco de Montejo
1542–1544 García de Mendano (Second time)
1544 Antonio de Saz y de la Torre
1545 Luis de Torres Medinilla
1545 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (Second time)
1545 Gonzalo de Ovalle (Second time)
1545–1553 The Alcaldes of Ciudad Real de Chiapa
1553–1556 Antonio Alfonso Mazariegos
1556–1570 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (Third time)
1570 Francisco del Valle Marroquín
1570–1576 Juan de Meza
1577–1581 Juan de Meza
1582–1586 Gaspar de Padilla
1586–1593 Pedro Martínez (First time)
1593 Martín Núñez
1594–1595 Pedro Martínez (Second time)
1596–1598 Alonso Bernaldez de Quiroz
1599 Baltazar Muriel de Valdivieso (First time)
1600 Bernardo Quiroz y Aguilera
1601–1610 Baltazar Muriel de Valdivieso (Second time)
1610–1616 Gabriel de Loarte y Ovalle
1617 Pedro Urbina de Cervera
1617–1620 Agustín García de Albornoz Legaspi
1620 Gabriel de Orellana
1621–1627 Gabriel de Ugarte y Ayala
1627 Baltazar Caso
1628–1633 Juan Ruiz de Contreras (First time)
1633 José Sánchez Serrano
1634 Juan Ruiz de Contreras (Second time)
1634–1638 Francisco de Ávila y Lugo (First time)
1638 Diego Carrillo
1639 Francisco de Ávila y Lugo (Second time)
1639–1646 Diego de Vera Ordóñez de Villa Quirán
1646–1650 Melchor Sardo de Céspedes
1650 Pedro Lara de Mongrovejo (First time)
1650–1656 Alonso Vargas Zapata y Luján
1656–1660 Baltazar Caso Ponce de León (First time)
1660 Pedro López Ramales
1661 Baltazar Caso Ponce de León (Second time)
1662–1666 Fernando Álvarez de Aguiar
1666 Pedro de Zavaleta
1667 Pedro Lara de Mongrovejo (Second time)
1667–1670 Agustín Sáenz Vázquez
1670 Andrés de Ochoa Zárate
1671–1682 Juan Bautista González del Álamo
1682 José de Oruéta
1683–1685 Martínez de Urdaniz
1685–1693 Manuel de Mayesterra y Atocha
1693–1695 Francisco Vadillo (First time)
1695 Melchor de Mencos
1696–1697 Francisco Vadillo (Second time)
1698 Francisco Astudillo Sardo
1698–1708 Martín González de Vergara y Pardo
1708 Gaspar de Sierra
1709 Manuel de Bustamante (First time)
1709 Francisco Ballesteros
1710–1712 Pedro Gutiérrez de Mier y Terán
1712 Fernando del Monge (First time)
1712–1714 Melchor Sardo de Céspedes
1714–1719 Manuel de Bustamante (Second time)
1720 Carlos Vélez y Arriaga
1720 José Damián Fernández de Córdoba
1721–1724 José Damián Cruz de Córdob
1725–1728 Martín José de Bustamante
1728–1730 Antonio Varela y Moreno
1730 Gabriel Francisco Laguna
1731 Fernando del Monge (Second time)
1732–1737 Pedro José Caballero
1734 Antonio de la Unquera y Cevallos
1735–1736 Gabriel Francisco Laguna
1737 Miguel Fernández Romero
1737 Baltazar González de Vega
1738–1743 Antonio Zuazua y Mújica
1744–1746 Juan Bautista Garracín
1746–1751 Francisco Ángel de Elías
1752 Juan José Bocanegra
1753–1754 José Ángel Toledo
1755–1758 Manuel Ortiz
1758 Miguel Ignacio Viurrum
1759–1760 Antonio de Obeso
1761–1765 Joaquín Fernández Prieto Isla y Bustamante
1765–1767 Tomás de Murga
1767–1768 Fernando Gómez de Andrade
1770–1772 Esteban Gutiérrez de la Torre
1772–1785 Cristóbal Ortiz de Avilés
1785 Ignacio Coronado
1786 Antonio Gutiérrez de Arce
1786 Alonso de Vargas
1769–1777 Juan de Oliver
1778–1783 Luis de Engrava y Ovalle
1783–1786 Miguel del Pino y Martínez
1786–1789 Francisco Saavedra Carbajal
1789–1794 Agustín de las Cuentas y Zayas
1794 Francisco Durán
1794 Luis Martínez
1795 Tomás Mollinedo
1796–1802 Antonio Norberto Serrano Polo
1802–1807 Manuel de Olazábal
1807 Mariano Valero
1807–1809 Tomás de Mollinedo y Villavicencio
1809 Manuel Junquito y Baquerizo (First time)
1810 Manuel Ramírez
1811–1814 Manuel Junquito y Baquerizo (Second time)
1814 Juan Nepomuceno Batres
1814 Antonio Gutiérrez de Arce
1815 Gregorio Suasnávar
1816 Juan Antonio López
1817–1818 Juan María de Ancheita
1819 Carlos Castañón
1819–1821 Juan Nepomuceno Batres
1502 Coast of Nicaragua discovered by Christopher Columbus.
1522 First settlements established.
1522–1538 Subordinated to Audiencia of Santo Domingo; ruled by governors.
1524 León founded.
1538–1544 Subordinated to the Real Audiencia of Panama.
1544 Part of the Kingdom of Guatemala.
1552 Governorship demoted to Alcaldía Mayor.
1566 Governorship reestablished.
1661 – 12 September 1861 British Protectorate over the tribal Mosquito Coast.
21 August 1685 – 14 September 1685 León captured by pirates under William Dampier.
23 December 1786 Intendencia of León (including Costa Rica) created.
15 September 1821 Declaration of independence from Spain of the Kingdom of Guatemala as part of Mexican Independence (Acta de Nublados).
28 September 1821 León, while awaiting developments with regard to Spain, proclaims its secession from the Kingdom of Guatemala.
4 October 1821 Granada reaffirms its being part of the Kingdom of Guatemala.
12 October 1821 Part of First Mexican Empire.
17 April 1823 León declares itself an "orphan" and thus sovereign.
1 July 1823 The Federal Republic of Central America proclaims independence from Mexico and invites those provinces that had left the Kingdom of Guatemala to join.
2 July 1823 León accedes to invitation; incorporation into Central America.
4 January 1825 León surrenders to the authority of Manuel Arzú, commissioned by the federal government.
30 April 1838 Separation from the Federation sanctioned; promulgated 2 May 1838.
28 February 1854 Republic of Nicaragua reestablished.
1522–1524 Gil González Dávila
1524–1526 Francisco Hernández de Córdoba
1526–1531 Pedro Arias de Ávila
1531–1535 Francisco de Castañeda
1536–1544 Rodrigo de Contreras
1544 Diego de Herrera
1544–1552 Administered directly by the Audiencia of Guatemala.
1552–1553 Alonso Ortiz de Elgueta
1553 Nicolás López de Urraga (First time)
1553–1555 Juan de Cavallón
1555 Juan Márquez
1555–1556 Álvaro de Paz
1556–1557 Nicolás López de Urraga (Second time)
1558 Andrés López Moraga
1558–1560 Francisco de Mendoza
1561–1564 Juan Vásquez de Coronado
1564–1566 Hernando Bermejo
1566–1575 Alonso de Casaos
1575–1576 Francisco del Valle Marroquín
1576–1583 Diego de Artieda y Chirino
1583–1589 Hernando de Gasco
1589–1592 Carlos de Arellano
1592–1599 Bartolomé de Lences
1599–1603 Bernardino de Obando
1603–1622 Alonso Lara de Córdoba
1622 Cristóbal de Villagrán
1622–1623 Alonso Lazo
1623–1625 Santiago de Figueroa
1625–1627 Lázaro de Albizúa
1627–1630 Juan de Agüero
1630–1634 Francisco de Asagra y Vargas
1634–1641 Pedro de Velasco
1641–1660 Juan de Bracamonte
1660–1665 Diego de Castro
1665–1669 Juan Salinas y Cerda
1669–1673 Antonio Temiño Dávila
1673–1681 Pablo de Loyola
1681 Antonio Coello
1681–1689 Pedro Álvarez Castrillón
1689–1693 Gabriel Rodríguez Bravo de Hoyos
1693–1699 Pedro Gerónimo Luis de Comenares y Camargo
1699 – 22 October 1705 Miguel de Camargo
22 October 1705 – 21 August 1721 Sebastián de Arancibia y Sasi
1722–1724 Antonio Póveda y Rivadineira (First time) (died 1727)
1724–1727 Tomás Marcos, duque de Estrada (First time)
26 January 1727 – 7 July 1727 Antonio Póveda y Rivadineira (Second time) (s.a.)
26 August 1727 – 1728 Pedro Martínez de Uparrio
August 1728 – 1730 Tomás Marcos, duque de Estrada (Second time)
1730–1736 Bartolomé González Fitoria
1736–1740 Antonio Ortiz
21 November 1740 – 1745 José Antonio Lacayo de Briones
1745 Francisco Antonio de Cáceres Molinedo
23 August 1745 – December 1746 Juan de Vera
December 1746 – 1753 Alonso Fernández de Heredia
1753–1756 José González Rancaño
1756–1759 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena (First time)
1759–1765 Pantaleón Ibáñez Cuevas
1765–1766 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena (Second time)
1766–1776 Domingo Cabello y Robles
1777–1782 Manuel de Quiroga
1779–1783 José de Estachería
1783 – 23 December 1786 Juan de Ayza y Blancazo Allue y Palacín
23 December 1786 – 1789 Juan de Ayza y Blancazo Allue y Palacín
1789–1793 José Mateu y Aranda
1793 – 13 December 1811 José de Salvador
13 December 1811 – 1814 Nicolás García Jerez (14 December 1814 – 1817 also President of the Governing Junta)
1814–1816 Juan Bautista Gual
1816–1818 Manuel de Beltranena
1818–April 1823 Miguel González Saravia
Superior Political Chief and Intendant of León
Office of Superior Political Chief (Jefe Político Superior) created by Spanish Constitution of 1812.
15 September 1821 – 12 October 1821 Miguel González de Saravia y Colarte, President of the Provisional Governing Junta
17 April 1823 – 4 January 1825 Provisional Governing Junta, members:
Pedro Solís Terán (
Primer Vocal)
José del Carmen Salazar Lacayo
Francisco Quiñónez
Domingo Nicolás Galarza y Briceño de Coca
Basilio Carrillo
José Valentín Fernández Gallegos (alternate)
Juan Modesto Hernández (alternate)
1502 Claimed for Spain.
1540 Province of Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica created, part of the Kingdom of Guatemala.
1565 Province of Costa Rica created.
23 December 1786 Gobierno ('government') of Costa Rica established within Intendencia of León (see Nicaragua).
12 November 1821 Independence (Province of Costa Rica)
4 March 1824 – 15 November 1838 Constituent state of the Federal Republic of Central America.
8 September 1824 Free State of Costa Rica.
7 March 1847 State of Costa Rica.
31 August 1848 Republic of Costa Rica.
1568–1573 Parafán de Ribera
1574–1577 Alonso de Anguciana y Gamboa
1577–1590 Diego de Artieda y Chirino
1590–1591 Juan Valásquez Ramiro
1591–1592 Bartolomé de Lences
1592–1595 Gonzalo de lam Palma
1595–1599 Fernando de la Cueva
1600–1604 Gonzalo Vázquez de Coronado y Arias de Ávila
1604–1613 Juan de Ocón y Trillo
1613–1619 Juan de Mendoza y Medrano
1619–1624 Alonso del Castillo y Guzmán
1624–1630 Juan de Echáuz
1630–1634 Juan de Villalta
1634–1636 Juan de Agüero
1636–1644 Gregorio de Sandoval y González de Alcalá
1644–1650 Juan de Cháves y Mendoza
1650–1655 Juan Fernández de Salinas y de la Cerda
1655–1661 Andrés Arias Maldonaldo y Mendoza
1662–1664 Rodrigo Arias Maldonaldo
1664–1665 Juan de Obregón
1664–1674 Juan López de la Flor
1675–1681 Juan Francisco Sáenz Vázquez y Sendín
1681–1693 Miguel Gómez de Lara
1693–1698 Manuel de Bustamante y Vivero
1698–1704 Francisco Serrano de Reina y Lizarde
1704–1707 Diego de Herrera y Campuzano
1707–1712 Lorenzo Antonio de Granada y Balbín
1713–1717 José Antonio Lacayo de Briones y Palacios
1717–1718 Pedro Ruíz de Bustamante
1718–1726 Diego de la Haya y Fernández
1727–1736 Baltasar Francisco de Valderrama y Haro
1736 Antonio Vázquez de la Quadra
1736–1739 Francisco Antonio de Carrandi y Menán
1739–1740 Francisco de Olaechea
2 June 1740 – 5 November 1747 Juan Gemmir y Lleonart (died 1747)
22 November 1747 – 14 March 1750 Luis Díez Navarro (interim to 22 January 1748)
1750–1754 Cristóbal Ignacio de Soría
1754 – 2 July 1756 Francisco Fernández de la Pástora (died 1756)
12 August 1756 – 24 October 1757 José Antonio de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (First time) (interim)
24 October 1757 – 18 September 1758 José Gonzalez Rancaño (interim)
18 September 1758 – 1761 Manuel Soler (died 1763) (abandoned office 1760)
1761 Francisco Javier de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (interim)
1761 Pedro Manuel de Ayerdi (interim)
1761–1764 José Antonio de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (Second time) (interim)
1764–1773 José Joaquín de Nava y Cabezudo (acting to 3 April 1764)
1773–1778 Juan Fernández de Bobadilla (First time) (died 1781)
25 June 1778 – 23 July 1780 José Perié y Barros (First time) (died 1789)
23 July 1780 – 28 January 1781 Juan Fernández de Bobadilla (Second time) (interim)
28 January 1781 – 1781 Francisco Carzo (interim)
11 April 1781 – 1785 Juan Flores (interim)
31 January 1785 – 7 January 1789 José Perié y Barros (Second time) (s.a.)
7 January 1789 – 1789 José Antonio de Oriamuno (acting)
1789–1790 Juan Esteban Martínez de Pinillos (interim)
7 November 1790 – 1797 José Vázquez y Téllez
3 April 1797 – 4 December 1810 Tomás de Acosta y Hurtado de Mendoza (died 1821)
4 December 1810 – 10 June 1819 Juan de Dios de Ayala y Gudiño (died 1819) (military governor from 3 July 1810)
10 June 1819 – 11 October 1821 Juan Manuel de Cañas y Trujillo (interim)
Spanish East Indies were under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Manila and the administrative supervision of the Governor General-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.
See Governor-General of the Philippines for list.
List of governors in the Viceroyalty of New Spain Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
