This is a list of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar, as identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The WWF divides the Earth's land surface into ecoregions, defined as "large area[s] of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species". Ecoregions are grouped into bioregions, "a complex of ecoregions that share a similar biogeographic history, and thus often have strong affinities at higher taxonomic levels (e.g. genera, families)." The Earth's land surface is divided into eight ecozones. Most of Africa lies in the Afrotropic ecozone, although the freshwater ecoregions of North Africa have much in common with the Palearctic.
Each ecoregion is also classified into major habitat types, or biomes.
Many consider this classification to be quite decisive, and some propose these as stable borders for bioregional democracy initiatives.
Canary Islands
Horn (Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia)
Permanent Maghreb (Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara)
Temporary Maghreb (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara)
Red Sea Coastal (Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan)
Socotra (Yemen)
Ashanti (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana)
Bight Coastal (Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo)
Bijagos (Guinea Bissau)
Cape Verde
Dry Sahel (Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Western Sahara)
Eburneo (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali)
Ethiopian Highlands (Ethiopia)
Lake Chad Catchment (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Nigeria, Sudan)
Yaéré (seasonal wetland)
Niger
Upper Niger (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali)
Mount Nimba (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia)
Fouta-Djalon (Guinea)
Inner Niger Delta (Mali)
Lower Niger-Benue (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria)
Niger Delta (Nigeria)
Nile
Lake Tana (Ethiopia)
Upper Nile (Sudan, Uganda)
Lower Nile (Egypt, Sudan)
Nile Delta (Egypt)
Northern Eastern Rift (Ethiopia)
Senegal-Gambia Catchments (Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal)
Shebele-Juba Catchments (Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia)
Lake Turkana (Ethiopia, Kenya)
Volta (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo)
Northern Upper Guinea (Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
Southern Upper Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia)
Central West Coastal Equatorial (Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon)
Northern West Coast Equatorial (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria)
Southern West Coast Equatorial (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon)
São Tomé, Principé, and Annobon (Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe)
Western Equatorial Crater Lakes (Cameroon)
Albertine Highlands (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Bangweulu-Mweru (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia)
Cuvette Centrale (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Kasai (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Lower Congo (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
Lower Congo Rapids (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
Mai Ndombe (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Malebo Pool (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Sangha (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo)
Sudanic Congo (Oubangi) (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
Uele (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Upper Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Upper Congo Rapids (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Upper Luluaba (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Thysville Caves (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Tumba (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Lake Malawi (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania)
Lake Rukwa (Tanzania)
Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia)
Lakes Kivu, Edward, George, and Victoria (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda)
Eastern and Coastal
Southern Eastern Rift (Kenya, Tanzania)
Kenyan Coastal Rivers (Kenya)
Pangani (Kenya, Tanzania)
Malagarasi-Moyowosi (Tanzania)
Eastern Coastal Basins (Mozambique, Tanzania)
Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta (Malawi, Mozambique)
Cuanza (Angola)
Etosha (Angola, Namibia)
Kalahari (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa)
Karstveld Sink Holes (Namibia)
Namib Coastal (Angola, Namibia)
Okavango Floodplains (Angola, Botswana, Namibia)
Zambezian Lowveld (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe)
Zambezi
Zambezian Headwaters (Angola, Zambia)
Kafue (Zambia)
Upper Zambezi Floodplains (Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia)
Mulanje (Malawi, Mozambique)
Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands (Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
Zambezian (Plateau) Highveld (Zimbabwe)
Middle Zambezi Luangwa (Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
Lower Zambezi (Malawi, Mozambique)
Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands
Comoros
Madagascar Eastern Lowlands (Madagascar)
Madagascar Eastern Highlands (Madagascar)
Madagascar Northwestern Basins (Madagascar)
Madagascar Southern Basins (Madagascar)
Madagascar Western Basins (Madagascar)
Mascarenes (Mauritius, Réunion)
Coralline Seychelles (Seychelles)
Granitic Seychelles (Seychelles)
Amatole-Winterberg Highlands (South Africa)
Cape Fold (South Africa)
Drakensberg-Maloti Highlands (Lesotho, South Africa)
Karoo (South Africa)
Southern Kalahari (South Africa)
Southern Temperate Highveld (South Africa, Swaziland)
Western Orange (Botswana, South Africa)
Closed basins and small lakes
Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta
Southern Eastern Rift
Lake Tana
Northern Eastern Rift
Western Equatorial Crater Lakes
Floodplains, swamps, and lakes
Bangweulu-Mweru
Inner Niger Delta
Kafue
Lake Chad Catchment
Mai Ndombe
Malagarasi-Moyowosi
Okavango Floodplains
Tumba
Upper Luluaba
Upper Nile
Upper Zambezi Floodplains
Yaéré
Ashanti
Cuvette Centrale
Central West Coastal Equatorial
Eburneo
Kasai
Lower Congo
Madagascar Eastern Lowlands
Malebo Pool
Northern Upper Guinea
Northern West Coast Equatorial
Sangha
Southern Upper Guinea
Northern West Coastal Equatorial
Sudanic Congo (Oubangi)
Upper Congo
Upper Niger
Cape Fold
Permanent Maghreb
Highland and mountain systems
Albertine Highlands
Amatole-Winterberg Highlands
Drakensberg-Maloti Highlands
Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands
Ethiopian Highlands
Fouta-Djalon
Madagascar Eastern Highlands
Mount Nimba
Mulanje
Island rivers and lakes
Bijagos
Canary Islands
Cape Verde
Comoros
Coralline Seychelles
Granitic Seychelles
São Tomé, Principé, and Annobon
Mascarenes
Socotra
Lake Malawi
Lake Rukwa
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Turkana
Lakes Kivu, Edward, George, and Victoria
Niger Delta
Nile Delta
Lower Congo Rapids
Upper Congo Rapids
Bight Coastal
Cuanza
Kenyan Coastal Rivers
Lower Niger-Benue
Lower Zambezi
Madagascar Northwestern Basins
Madagascar Western Basins
Middle Zambezi Luangwa
Pangani
Senegal-Gambia Catchments
Eastern Coastal Basins
Southern Temperate Highveld
Uele
Volta
Zambezian Headwaters
Zambezian Lowveld
Zamebzian (Plateau) Highveld
Subterranean and spring systems
Karstveld Sink Holes
Thysville Caves
Dry Sahel
Etosha
Horn
Kalahari
Karoo
Lower Nile
Madagascar Southern Basins
Namib Coastal
Red Sea Coastal
Shebele-Juba Catchments
Southern Kalahari
Temporary Maghreb
Western Orange
List of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA