The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. This is a list of the consorts of Chinese monarchs. China has periodically parted in kingdoms as well as united in empires, and there has been consorts with the title Queen as well as Empress. The title Empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list for the main consort of the monarch and holder of the title Empress or Queen.
The title of Empress could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.
1099 BC – 1050 BC: Queen Taisi, consort to King Wen
1046–1043 BC: Queen Yi Jiang, consort of King Wu
827–782 BC: Queen Qiang, consort of King Xuan
782–772 BC: Queen Shen, consort of King You
202–195 BC: Empress Lü Zhi
192–188 BC: Empress Zhang Yan
180 BC: Empress Lü
179–157 BC: Empress Dou
157–151 BC: Empress Bo
150–141 BC: Empress Wang Zhi
140–130 BC: Empress Chen Jiao
128–91 BC: Empress Wei Zifu
83–74 BC: Empress Shangguan
74–71 BC: Empress Xu Pingjun
70–66 BC: Empress Huo Chengjun
64–49 BC: Empress Wang
48–33 BC: Empress Wang Zhengjun
31–18 BC: Empress Xu
16–7 BC: Empress Zhao Feiyan
6–1 BC: Empress Fu
AD 1–5: Empress Wang
AD 9–21: Empress Wang
AD 23: Empress Shi
AD 26–41: Guo Shengtong
41–57: Empress Yin Lihua
60–75: Empress Ma
78–88: Empress Dou
96–102: Empress Yin
102–106: Empress Deng Sui
108–125: Empress Yan Ji
132–144: Empress Liang Na
147–159: Empress Liang Nüying
159–165: Empress Deng Mengnü
165–168: Empress Dou Miao
171–178: Empress Song
180–189: Empress He
195–214: Empress Fu Shou
215–220: Empress Cao Jie
222–226: Empress Guo Nüwang
227–237: Empress Mao
238–239: Empress Guo
243–251: Empress Zhen
252–254: Empress Zhang
254: Empress Wang
255–260: Empress Bian
263–265: Empress Bian
221–223: Empress Wu
223–237: Empress Zhang
238–263: Empress Zhang
251–252: Empress Pan
252–258: Empress Quan Huijie
262–264: Empress Zhu
264–280: Empress Teng Fanglan
265–274: Empress Yang Yan
276–290: Empress Yang Zhi
290–300: Empress Jia Nanfeng
300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307: Yang Xianrong
307–311: Empress Liang Lanbi
323–326: Empress Yu Wenjun
336–341: Empress Du
342–344: Empress Chu Suanzi
357–361: Empress He Fani
361–365: Empress Wang Muzhi
365–366: Empress Yu Daolian
375–380: Empress Wang Fahui
396–403, 404–412: Empress Wang Shen'ai
419–420: Chu Lingyuan
403–404: Empress Liu
315–334: Empress Ren
334–338?: Empress Yan
338–343: Empress Yan
343–347: Empress Li
304–?: Empress Huyan
310: Empress Dan
310–312: Empress Huyan
313: Empress Zhang
313–314: Empress Liu E
315–318: Empress Jin Yueguang
315–318: Left Empress Liu
315–318: Empress Jin Yuehua
316–318: Upper Empress Fan
318: Left Empress Wang
318: Middle Empress Xuan
318: Empress Jin
319–322: Empress Yang
325–326: Empress Liu
326–329: Empress Liu
330–333: Empress Liu
337: Zheng Yingtao
337–348: Du Zhu
348–349: Empress Liu
349: Empress Zhang
350–352: Empress Dong
324?-346: Princess Yan
346?-354: Princess Pei
354–355: Empress Xin
389–400: Princess Shi
400–401: Empress Yang
401–403: Empress Yang
Princess Yin
401–433: Princess Meng
433?-437: Princess Li Jingshou
437–439: Princess Tuoba
408–414: Queen Zhejue
351–355: Empress Qiang
355: Empress Liang
357–385: Empress Gou
385–386: Empress Yang
387–389: Empress Mao
392–393: Empress Li
386–394: Empress She
402–?: Empress Zhang
412–?: Empress Qi
416–417: Yao Hong's empress
388–394, 394–400, 409–412: Queen Bian
394: Queen Fu
414–423: Queen Tufa
429–431: Queen Liang
337–348: Princess Duan
348?–360: Empress Kezuhun
369–370: Empress Kezuhun
388–396: Duan Yuanfei
396–398: Empress Duan
404–407: Fu Xunying
407–409: Empress Li
409–?: Princess Sun
430–?: Princess Murong
398–405: Duan Jifei
408–410: Empress Huyan
407–425: Empress Kezuhun
425–427: Helian Chang's empress
422–424: Empress Sima Maoying
424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui
453: Empress Yin Yuying
453–464: Empress Wang Xianyuan
465: Empress Lu
465–472: Empress Wang Zhenfeng
472–477: Empress Jiang
478–479: Empress Xie Fanjing
493–494: He Jingying
494: Wang Shaoming
498–501: Chu Lingqu
501–502: Wang Shunhua
400–409: Empress Murong
432–452: Empress Helian
456–465: Empress Feng
493–497: Empress Feng Qing
497–499: Empress Feng Run
501–507: Empress Yu
508–515: Empress Gao
5??–528: Empress Hu
528–530: Empress Erzhu Ying'e
530–531: Empress Erzhu
532: Empress Erzhu
533–534: Empress Gao
535–538: Empress Yifu
538–540: Empress Yujiulü
553–554: Empress Yuwen
554–556: Empress Ruogan
539–550: Empress Gao
550–559: Empress Li Zu'e
560–561: Empress Yuan
561–565: Empress Hu
565–572: Empress Hulü
572–573: Empress Hu
572–577: Empress Mu
551: Empress Zhang
560–561: Empress Wang
557–557: Empress Yuan Humo
568–568: Queen Dugu
568–578: Empress Ashina
578–579: Yang Lihua
579–580: Empress Sima Lingji
581–602: Dugu Qieluo, empress consort of Emperor Wen
605–618: Empress Xiao, empress consort of Emperor Yang
626–636: Empress Zhangsun, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
655–684: Wu Zetian, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an empress regnant
684–684: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
684–690: Empress Liu, empress consort of Emperor Ruizong
705–710: Empress Wei (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
710–710: Empress Lu, empress consort of Emperor Shang
712–724: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Xuanzong
758–762: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Emperor Suzong
786–786: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Dezong
898–900: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
901–904: Empress He (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
Qin
Empress Ju
Han (Dingyang)
Empress Ju
Xia
Empress Cao
Yan
Empress Duan
Empress Xin
Qi
Empress Cao
907–924: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Maozhen
908–918: Empress Zhou, empress consort of Wang Jian
918–921: Empress Gao, first empress consort of Wang Zongyan
921–926: Empress Jin Feishan, second empress consort of Wang Yan
911–913: Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empress consorts of Liu Shouguang
912–913: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Zhu Yougui
919–935: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Yan
924–926: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Cunxu
930–933: Empress Cao, empress consort of Li Siyuan
934–934: Empress Kong, empress consort of Li Conghou
934–936: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Congke
933–937: Empress Wang, empress consort of Yang Pu
935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Wang Yanjun
936–939: Empress Li Chunyan, empress consort of Wang Jipeng
942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of Wang Yanxi
937–943: Empress Song, empress consort of Li Bian
943–961: Empress Zhong, empress consort of Li Jing
961–965: Queen Zhou the Elder, first queen consort of Li Yu
968–975: Queen Zhou the Younger, second queen consort of Li Yu
941–942: Empress Li, empress consort of Shi Jingtang
943–946: Empress Feng, empress consort of Shi Chonggui
943–?: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Wang Yanzheng
947–948: Empress Li, empress consort of Liu Zhiyuan
954–956: Empress Fu the Elder, first empress consort of Chai Rong
959–959: Empress Fu the Younger, second empress consort of Chai Rong
?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun
968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Jiyuan
960–963: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Taizu
968–976: Empress Song, second empress consort of Emperor Taizu
984–997: Empress Li, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
997–1007: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong
1012–1022: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong
1024–1033: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Renzong
1034–1063: Empress Cao, second empress consort of Emperor Renzong
1065–1067: Empress Gao, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
1068–1085: Empress Xiang, empress consort of Emperor Shenzong
1092–1096: Empress Meng, first empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
1099–1100: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
1100–1108: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
1111–1126: Empress Zheng, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
1126–1127: Empress Zhu, empress consort of Emperor Qinzong
1127–1139: Empress Xing, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
1143–1162: Empress Wu, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
1162–1167: Empress Xia, first empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
1167–1189: Empress Xie, second empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
1189–1194: Empress Li Fengniang, empress consort of Emperor Guangzong
1194–1200: Empress Han, first empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
1200–1224: Empress Yang, second empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
1227–1264: Empress Xie Daoqing, empress consort of Emperor Lizong
1267–1274: Empress Quan, empress consort of Emperor Duzong
1260–1281: Chabi, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu
1283–1294: Nambui, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu
1295–1307: Bulugan, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong
1310–1311: Zhenge, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong
1313–1320: Radnashiri, empress consort of Emperor Renzong
1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding
1328–1329: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
1329–1329: Babusha, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong
1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
1332–1332: Daliyetemishi, empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
1333–1335: Danashri, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
1337–1365: Bayan Khutugh, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
1340–1370: Empress Gi, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong
1368–1382: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Hongwu Emperor
1399–1402: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Jianwen Emperor
1402–1407: Empress Xu, empress consort of the Yongle Emperor
1424–1425: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongxi Emperor
1425–1428: Empress Hu Shanxiang, first empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
1428–1435: Empress Sun, second empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
1442–1449: Empress Qian, empress consort of the Zhengtong Emperor
1449–1452: Empress Wang, first empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
1452–1456: Empress Hang, second empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
1457–1464: Empress Qian (second time), empress consort of the Tianshun Emperor (former Zhengtong Emperor)
1464–1464: Empress Wu, first empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
1464–1487: Empress Wang, second empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
1487–1505: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongzhi Emperor
1506–1521: Empress Xia, empress consort of the Zhengde Emperor
1522–1528: Empress Chen, first empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
1528–1534: Empress Zhang, second empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
1534–1547: Empress Fang, third empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
1566–1572: Empress Chen, empress consort of the Longqing Emperor
1578–1620: Empress Wang Xijie, empress consort of the Wanli Emperor
1621–1627: Empress Zhang Baozhu, empress consort of the Tianqi Emperor
1628–1644: Empress Zhou, empress consort of the Chongzhen Emperor
1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the Longwu Emperor
1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the Yongli Emperor
1651–1653: Borjigit, Demoted Empress, first empress consort of the Shunzhi Emperor
1654–1661: Empress Xiaohuizhang, second empress consort of the Shunzhi Emperor
1665–1674: Empress Xiaochengren, first empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
1677–1678: Empress Xiaozhaoren, second empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
1689–1689: Empress Xiaoyiren, third empress consort of the Kangxi Emperor
1722–1723: Empress Xiaojingxian, empress consort of the Yongzheng Emperor
1738–1748: Empress Xiaoxianchun, first empress consort of the Qianlong Emperor
1750–1765: Ulanara, the Step Empress, second empress consort of the Qianlong Emperor
1796–1797: Empress Xiaoshurui, first empress consort of the Jiaqing Emperor
1801–1820: Empress Xiaoherui, second empress consort of the Jiaqing Emperor
1822–1833: Empress Xiaoshencheng, first empress consort of the Daoguang Emperor
1833–1840: Empress Xiaoquancheng, second empress consort of the Daoguang Emperor
1852–1861: Empress Xiaozhenxian, empress consort of the Xianfeng Emperor
1872–1875: Empress Xiaozheyi, empress consort of the Tongzhi Emperor
1889–1908: Empress Xiaodingjing, empress consort of the Guangxu Emperor
1924–1946: Empress Xiaokemin, empress consort of Puyi
The title of Empress Dowager was not a title automatically given to a former Empress Consort and widow of an Emperor. The title Empress Dowager could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress Consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empress Dowagers, which in some cases equals the list of Empress Consorts, and in other cases not.
Empress Dowager Lü
Empress Dowager Bo
Empress Dowager Dou
Empress Dowager Wang
Empress Dowager Shangguan
Empress Dowager Wang
Empress Dowager Wang
Empress Dowager Zhao
Grand Empress Dowager Fu
Empress Dowager Ding
Empress Dowager Wang
Empress Dowager Yin
Empress Dowager Ma
Empress Dowager Dou
Empress Dowager Deng
Empress Dowager Yan
Empress Dowager Liang
Empress Dowager Dou
Empress Dowager He
Princess Dowager Helan
Empress Dowager Helian
Nurse empress dowager
Empress Dowager Feng(Empress Dowager Wenming)
Empress Dowager Gao
Empress Dowager Hu
683–690: Empress Dowager Wu
710: Empress Dowager Wei
805–816: Empress Dowager Wang
820–848: Empress Dowager Guo
824–845: Empress Dowager Wang
826–847: Empress Dowager Xiao
846–865: Empress Dowager Zheng
904–906: Empress Dowager He
Empress Dowager Du
Empress Dowager Li
Empress Dowager Liu
Empress Dowager Yang
Empress Dowager Cao
Empress Dowager Gao
Empress Dowager Xiang
Empress Dowager Meng
Empress Dowager Liu
Empress Dowager Zheng
Empress Dowager Wei
Empress Dowager Wu
Empress Dowager Xie
Empress Dowager Li
Empress Dowager Yang
Empress Dowager Xie
Empress Dowager Quan
Empress Dowager Yang
Empress Dowager Khongirad
Empress Dowager Naimans
Empress Dowager Oirats
Empress Dowager Khongirad
Empress Dowager Khongirad
Empress Dowager Khongirad
Empress Dowager Khongirad
Empress Dowager Qi
Empress Dowager Lü
Empress Dowager Zhang
Empress Dowager Sun
Empress Dowager Wu
Empress Dowager Qian
Empress Dowager Zhou
Empress Dowager Wang
Empress Dowager Zhang
Empress Dowager Shao
Empress Dowager Jiang
Empress Dowager Chen
Empress Dowager Li
Empress Dowager Zou
Empress Dowager Ma
Empress Dowager Wang
1643–1649: Empress Xiaoduanwen
1643–1688: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
1661–1663: Empress Xiaokangzhang
1661–1718: Empress Xiaohuizhang
1722–1723: Empress Xiaogongren
1735–1777: Empress Xiaoshengxian
1820–1850: Empress Xiaoherui
1855: Empress Xiaojingcheng
1861–1881: Empress Dowager Ci'an
1861–1908: Empress Dowager Cixi
1908–1913: Empress Dowager Longyu
581: Empress Lü Gutao, mother of Emperor Wen of Sui
961: Empress Dowager Du, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong
960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu
976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong
976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong
997: Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong
997: Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong
1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong
1036: Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong
1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong
1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong
1102: Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong
1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong
1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong
1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong
1162: Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong
1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong
Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty
1504: Empress Xiaosu, mother of the Chenghua Emperor
1566: Empress Xiaoke, mother of the Longqing Emperor
1566: Empress Xiaoyizhuan, married to the Longqing Emperor
1614: Empress Xiaoding, mother of the Wanli Emperor
1620: Empress Xiaojing, mother of the Taichang Emperor
1644: Empress Xiaozhejian
1644: Empress Xiaoyi
1644: Empress Xiaoxu
1626: Empress Xiaoliewu, married to Nurhaci
1636: Empress Xiaocigao, mother of Hong Taiji
1660: Consort Donggo, married to the Shunzhi Emperor
1663: Empress Xiaokangzhang, mother of the Kangxi Emperor
1777: Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Qianlong Emperor
1796: Empress Xiaoyichun, mother of the Jiaqing Emperor
1820: Empress Xiaomucheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor
1850: Empress Xiaodexian, married to the Xianfeng Emperor
1855: Empress Xiaojingcheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor
