Order: Rheiformes Family: Rheidae
The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Lesser rhea, Rhea pennata
Order: Tinamiformes Family: Tinamidae
The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), which includes the rheas, emus, and kiwis. Peru contains the largest number of tinamous of any country. Twenty-seven species have been recorded there.
Tawny-breasted tinamou, Nothocercus julius
Highland tinamou, Nothocercus bonapartei
Hooded tinamou, Nothocercus nigrocapillus
Gray tinamou, Tinamus tao
Black tinamou, Tinamus osgoodi
Great tinamou, Tinamus major
White-throated tinamou, Tinamus guttatus
Cinereous tinamou, Crypturellus cinereus
Little tinamou, Crypturellus soui
Brown tinamou, Crypturellus obsoletus
Undulated tinamou, Crypturellus undulatus
Pale-browed tinamou, Crypturellus transfasciatus
Brazilian tinamou, Crypturellus strigulosus
Gray-legged tinamou, Crypturellus duidae
Black-capped tinamou, Crypturellus atrocapillus
Variegated tinamou, Crypturellus variegatus
Bartlett's tinamou, Crypturellus bartletti
Small-billed tinamou, Crypturellus parvirostris
Barred tinamou, Crypturellus casiquiare
Tataupa tinamou, Crypturellus tataupa
Red-winged tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens
Taczanowski's tinamou, Nothoprocta taczanowskii
Ornate tinamou, Nothoprocta ornata
Andean tinamou, Nothoprocta pentlandii
Curve-billed tinamou, Nothoprocta curvirostris
Darwin's nothura, Nothura darwinii
Puna tinamou, Tinamotis pentlandii
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anhimidae
The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Horned screamer, Anhima cornuta
Southern screamer, Chauna torquata (A)
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. Twenty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata (A)
Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis
Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
Comb duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos
Orinoco goose, Oressochen jubatus
Andean goose, Oressochen melanopterus
Crested duck, Lophonetta specularioides
Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata
Brazilian teal, Amazonetta brasiliensis
Torrent duck, Merganetta armata
Chiloe wigeon, Anas sibilatrix (H)
Blue-winged teal, Anas discors
Cinnamon teal, Anas cyanoptera
Red shoveler, Anas platalea
Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata (A)
White-cheeked pintail, Anas bahamensis
Yellow-billed pintail, Anas georgica
Puna teal, Anas puna
Andean teal, Anas andium
Yellow-billed teal, Anas flavirostris
Southern pochard, Netta erythrophthalma
Rosy-billed pochard, Netta peposaca (H)
Masked duck, Nomonyx dominicus
Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
Guans, chachalacas, and curassows
Order: Galliformes Family: Cracidae
The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments. Sixteen species have been recorded in Peru.
Rufous-headed chachalaca, Ortalis erythroptera
Speckled chachalaca, Ortalis guttata
Bearded guan, Penelope barbata
Andean guan, Penelope montagnii
Spix's guan, Penelope jacquacu
Crested guan, Penelope purpurascens
White-winged guan, Penelope albipennis (E)
Blue-throated piping-guan, Pipile cumanensis
Wattled guan, Aburria aburri
Sickle-winged guan, Chamaepetes goudotii
Nocturnal curassow, Nothocrax urumutum
Salvin's curassow, Mitu salvini
Razor-billed curassow, Mitu tuberosum
Sira curassow, Pauxi koepckeae (E)
Wattled curassow, Crax globulosa
Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. Four species have been recorded in Peru.
Marbled wood-quail, Odontophorus gujanensis
Rufous-breasted wood-quail, Odontophorus speciosus
Stripe-faced wood-quail, Odontophorus balliviani
Starred wood-quail, Odontophorus stellatus
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. Seven species have been recorded in Peru.
White-tufted grebe, Rollandia rolland
Titicaca grebe, Rollandia microptera
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
Great grebe, Podiceps major
Silvery grebe, Podiceps occipitalis
Junin grebe, Podiceps taczanowskii (E)
Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
Chilean flamingo, Phoenicopterus chilensis
Andean flamingo, Phoenicopterus andinus
James's flamingo, Phoenicoparrus jamesi
Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae
The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus (H)
Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti
Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus (A)
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. Six species have been recorded in Peru.
Gray-headed albatross, Thalassarche chrysostoma (H)
Buller's albatross, Thalassarche bulleri
Salvin's albatross, Thalassarche salvini
Chatham albatross, Thalassarche eremita (H)
Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris
Waved albatross, Phoebastria irrorata
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Twenty-five species have been recorded in Peru.
Southern giant-petrel, Macronectes giganteus
Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli
Southern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
Cape petrel, Daption capense
Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta (H)
Juan Fernandez petrel, Pterodroma externa (H)
Galapagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia
Cook's petrel, Pterodroma cookii
Masatierra petrel, Pterodroma defilippiana
Broad-billed prion, Pachyptila vittata (A)
Antarctic prion, Pachyptila desolata
Slender-billed prion, Pachyptila belcheri
Gray petrel, Procellaria cinerea (A)
White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni
Westland petrel, Procellaria westlandica (H)
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus
Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes (H)
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica (H)
Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea
Galapagos shearwater, Puffinus subalaris (H)
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (A)
Little shearwater, Puffinus assimilis (H)
Peruvian diving-petrel, Pelecanoides garnotii
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Twelve species have been recorded in Peru.
Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus
Elliot's storm-petrel, Oceanites gracilis
White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina (H)
White-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta grallaria (H)
Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica (A)
Ringed storm-petrel, Oceanodroma hornbyi
Leach's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (H)
Band-rumped storm-petrel, Oceanodroma castro (H)
Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, Oceanodroma tethys
Black storm-petrel, Oceanodroma melania
Markham's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma markhami
Least storm-petrel, Oceanodroma microsoma (H)
Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus
Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda (H)
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
Maguari stork, Ciconia maguari (H)
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria
Wood stork, Mycteria americana
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (H)
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. Seven species have been recorded in Peru.
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
Nazca booby, Sula granti
Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii
Peruvian booby, Sula variegata
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)
Cape gannet, Morus capensis (A)
Cormorants and shags
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
Red-legged cormorant, Phalacrocorax gaimardi
Neotropic cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Guanay cormorant, Phalacrocorax bougainvillii
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
Peruvian pelican, Pelecanus thagus
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. Twenty species have been recorded in Peru.
Pinnated bittern, Botaurus pinnatus (H)
Zigzag heron, Zebrilus undulatus
Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
Stripe-backed bittern, Ixobrychus involucris (H)
Rufescent tiger-heron, Tigrisoma lineatum
Fasciated tiger-heron, Tigrisoma fasciatum
Bare-throated tiger-heron, Tigrisoma mexicanum
Cocoi heron, Ardea cocoi
Great egret, Ardea alba
Snowy egret, Egretta thula
Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (A)
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Striated heron, Butorides striata
Agami heron, Agamia agami
Capped heron, Pilherodius pileatus
Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea
Boat-billed heron, Cochlearius cochlearius
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. Six species have been recorded in Peru.
White ibis, Eudocimus albus
Puna ibis, Plegadis ridgwayi
Buff-necked ibis, Theristicus caudatus (A)
Black-faced ibis, Theristicus melanopis
Green ibis, Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion. Six species have been recorded in Peru.
Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura
Lesser yellow-headed vulture, Cathartes burrovianus
Greater yellow-headed vulture, Cathartes melambrotus
Andean condor, Vultur gryphus
King vulture, Sarcoramphus papa
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. Forty-eight species have been recorded in Peru.
Pearl kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii
White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus
Hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus
Gray-headed kite, Leptodon cayanensis
Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus
Crested eagle, Morphnus guianensis
Harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja
Black hawk-eagle, Spizaetus tyrannus
Ornate hawk-eagle, Spizaetus ornatus
Black-and-white hawk-eagle, Spizaetus melanoleucus
Black-and-chestnut eagle, Spizaetus isidori
Black-collared hawk, Busarellus nigricollis
Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis
Slender-billed kite, Helicolestes hamatus
Double-toothed kite, Harpagus bidentatus
Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis (H)
Plumbeous kite, Ictinia plumbea
Long-winged harrier, Circus buffoni (H)
Cinereous harrier, Circus cinereus
Gray-bellied hawk, Accipiter poliogaster
Tiny hawk, Accipiter superciliosus
Semicollared hawk, Accipiter collaris
Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
Bicolored hawk, Accipiter bicolor
Crane hawk, Geranospiza caerulescens
Slate-colored hawk, Buteogallus schistaceus
Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus
Savanna hawk, Buteogallus meridionalis
Great black hawk, Buteogallus urubitinga
Solitary eagle, Buteogallus solitarius
Barred hawk, Morphnarchus princeps (H)
Roadside hawk, Rupornis magnirostris
Harris's hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus
White-rumped hawk, Parabuteo leucorrhous
White-tailed hawk, Geranoaetus albicaudatus (H)
Variable hawk, Geranoaetus polyosoma
Black-chested buzzard-eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus
White hawk, Pseudastur albicollis
Gray-backed hawk, Pseudastur occidentalis
Semiplumbeous hawk, Leucopternis semiplumbeus (H)
Black-faced hawk, Leucopternis melanops
White-browed hawk, Leucopternis kuhli
Gray-lined hawk, Buteo nitidus
Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus
White-throated hawk, Buteo albigula
Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus
Order: Eurypygiformes Family: Eurypygidae
The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.
Sunbittern, Eurypyga helias
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. Twenty-nine species have been recorded in Peru.
Ocellated crake, Micropygia schomburgkii
Rufous-sided crake, Laterallus melanophaius
White-throated crake, Laterallus albigularis (A)
Gray-breasted crake, Laterallus exilis
Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis
Mangrove rail, Rallus longirostris
Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
Bogota rail, Rallus semiplumbeus
Rufous-necked wood-rail, Aramides axillaris
Gray-cowled wood-rail, Aramides cajaneus (The SACC calls A. cajaneus gray-necked wood-rail)
Red-winged wood-rail, Aramides calopterus
Uniform crake, Amaurolimnas concolor
Chestnut-headed crake, Anurolimnas castaneiceps
Russet-crowned crake, Anurolimnas viridis
Black-banded crake, Anurolimnas fasciatus
Sora, Porzana carolina
Ash-throated crake, Mustelirallus albicollis
Paint-billed crake, Mustelirallus erythrops
Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus
Blackish rail, Pardirallus nigricans
Plumbeous rail, Pardirallus sanguinolentus
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (The SACC calls purple gallinule P. martinica)
Azure gallinule, Porphyrio flavirostris
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
Red-fronted coot, Fulica rufifrons
Giant coot, Fulica gigantea
Horned coot, Fulica cornuta (A)
Slate-colored coot, Fulica ardesiaca
White-winged coot, Fulica leucoptera (A)
Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica
Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Order: Gruiformes Family: Psophiidae
The trumpeters are dumpy birds with long necks and legs and chicken-like bills. They are named for the trumpeting call of the males. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Gray-winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
Pale-winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Peruvian thick-knee, Burhinus superciliaris
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
Andean avocet, Recurvirostra andina
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. Two species have been recorded in Peru.
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus
Blackish oystercatcher, Haematopus ater
Plovers and lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. Fourteen species have been recorded in Peru.
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
Tawny-throated dotterel, Oreopholus ruficollis
Pied lapwing, Vanellus cayanus
Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis
Andean lapwing, Vanellus resplendens
Collared plover, Charadrius collaris
Puna plover, Charadrius alticola
Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Rufous-chested dotterel, Charadrius modestus (A)
Diademed sandpiper-plover, Phegornis mitchellii
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Thinocoridae
The seedsnipes are a small family of birds that superficially resemble sparrows. They have short legs and long wings and are herbivorous waders. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
Rufous-bellied seedsnipe, Attagis gayi
Gray-breasted seedsnipe, Thinocorus orbignyianus
Least seedsnipe, Thinocorus rumicivorus
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Wattled jacana, Jacana jacana
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. Thirty-seven species have been recorded in Peru.
Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus (H)
Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica
Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Red knot, Calidris canutus
Surfbird, Calidris virgata
Ruff, Calidris pugnax (H)
Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (A)
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Dunlin, Calidris alpina (H)
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (H)
South American snipe, Gallinago paraguaiae
Puna snipe, Gallinago andina
Noble snipe, Gallinago nobilis (H)
Giant snipe, Gallinago undulata
Jameson's snipe, Gallinago jamesoni
Imperial snipe, Gallinago imperialis
Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia
Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
Willet, Triga semipalmata
Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
Skuas and jaegers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. Five species have been recorded in Peru.
Chilean skua, Stercorarius chilensis
South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, and terns. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Twenty-nine species of Laridae have been recorded in Peru.
Swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus
Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla (A)
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
Andean gull, Chroicocephalus serranus
Brown-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus maculipennis (A)
Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
Gray gull, Leucophaeus modestus
Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
Belcher's gull, Larus belcheri
Herring gull, Larus argentatus (A)
Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus
Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (H)
Least tern, Sternula antillarum (A)
Yellow-billed tern, Sternula superciliaris
Peruvian tern, Sternula lorata
Large-billed tern, Phaetusa simplex
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
Inca tern, Larosterna inca
Black tern, Chlidonias niger
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
South American tern, Sterna hirundinacea
Snowy-crowned tern, Sterna trudeaui (A)
Royal tern, Thalasseus maximus
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans
Black skimmer, Rynchops niger
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. Twenty-eight species have been recorded in Peru.
Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
Pale-vented pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Scaled pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa
Spot-winged pigeon, Patagioenas maculosa
Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
Peruvian pigeon, Patagioenas oenops
Plumbeous pigeon, Patagioenas plumbea
Ruddy pigeon, Patagioenas subvinacea
Plain-breasted ground-dove, Columbina minuta
Ruddy ground-dove, Columbina talpacoti
Ecuadorian ground-dove, Columbina buckleyi
Picui ground-dove, Columbina picui
Croaking ground-dove, Columbina cruziana
Blue ground-dove, Claravis pretiosa
Maroon-chested ground-dove, Claravis mondetoura
Bare-faced ground-dove, Metriopelia ceciliae
Black-winged ground-dove, Metriopelia melanoptera
Golden-spotted ground-dove, Metriopelia aymara
Sapphire quail-dove, Geotrygon saphirina
Ruddy quail-dove, Geotrygon montana
Violaceous quail-dove, Geotrygon violacea
White-tipped dove, Leptotila verreauxi
Ochre-bellied dove, Leptotila ochraceiventris
Gray-fronted dove, Leptotila rufaxilla
Pallid dove, Leptotila pallida
White-throated quail-dove, Zentrygon frenata
West Peruvian dove, Zenaida meloda
Eared dove, Zenaida auriculata
Order: Opisthocomiformes Family: Opisthocomidae
The hoatzin is pheasant-sized, but much slimmer. It has a long tail and neck, but a small head with an unfeathered blue face and red eyes which are topped by a spiky crest. It is a weak flier which is found in the swamps of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers.
Hoatzin, Opisthocomus hoazin
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Sixteen species have been recorded in Peru.
Greater ani, Crotophaga major
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia
Pheasant cuckoo, Dromococcyx phasianellus
Pavonine cuckoo, Dromococcyx pavoninus
Rufous-vented ground-cuckoo, Neomorphus geoffroyi
Red-billed ground-cuckoo, Neomorphus pucheranii
Little cuckoo, Coccycua minuta
Ash-colored cuckoo, Coccycua cinerea (H)
Squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana
Black-bellied cuckoo, Piaya melanogaster
Dark-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus melacoryphus
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Gray-capped cuckoo, Coccyzus lansbergi
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. One species has been recorded in Peru.
Barn owl, Tyto alba
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. Twenty-nine species have been recorded in Peru.
Tropical screech-owl, Megascops choliba
Peruvian screech-owl, Megascops roboratus
Koepcke's screech-owl, Megascops koepckeae (E)
Rufescent screech-owl, Megascops ingens
Cinnamon screech-owl, Megascops petersoni
Cloud-forest screech-owl, Megascops marshalli
Tawny-bellied screech-owl, Megascops watsonii
Vermiculated screech-owl, Megascops guatemalae
White-throated screech-owl, Megascops albogularis
Crested owl, Lophostrix cristata
Spectacled owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
Band-bellied owl, Pulsatrix melanota
Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
Andean pygmy-owl, Glaucidium jardinii
Yungas pygmy-owl, Glaucidium bolivianum
Subtropical pygmy-owl, Glaucidium parkeri
Amazonian pygmy-owl, Glaucidium hardyi
Ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
Peruvian pygmy-owl, Glaucidium peruanum
Long-whiskered owlet, Xenoglaux loweryi (E)
Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia
Mottled owl, Ciccaba virgata
Black-and-white owl, Ciccaba nigrolineata
Black-banded owl, Ciccaba huhula
Rufous-banded owl, Ciccaba albitarsis
Stygian owl, Asio stygius
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Buff-fronted owl, Aegolius harrisii
Striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator (The SACC places striped owl in genus Asio)
Nightjars and allies
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. Twenty-one species have been recorded in Peru.
Nacunda nighthawk, Chordeiles nacunda
Sand-colored nighthawk, Chordeiles rupestris
Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
Short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus
Rufous-bellied nighthawk, Lurocalis rufiventris
Band-tailed nighthawk, Nyctiprogne leucopyga
Blackish nightjar, Nyctipolus nigrescens
Band-winged nightjar, Systellura longirostris
Tschudi's nightjar, Systellura decussata
Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis
Scrub nightjar, Nyctidromus anthonyi
Swallow-tailed nightjar, Uropsalis segmentata
Lyre-tailed nightjar, Uropsalis lyra
Little nightjar, Setopagis parvula
Spot-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis maculicaudus
Ladder-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis climacocerca
Scissor-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis torquata
Ocellated poorwill, Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
Rufous nightjar, Antrostomus rufus
Silky-tailed nightjar, Antrostomus sericocaudatus
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Nyctibiidae
(The SACC places potoos in their own order, Nyctibiiformes)
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars. Six species have been recorded in Peru.
Great potoo, Nyctibius grandis
Long-tailed potoo, Nyctibius aethereus
Common potoo, Nyctibius griseus
Andean potoo, Nyctibius maculosus
White-winged potoo, Nyctibius leucopterus
Rufous potoo, Nyctibius bracteatus
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Steatornithidae
(The SACC places the oilbird in its own order, Steatornithiformes)
The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.
Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
(The SACC places swifts in their own order, Apodiformes)
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. Thirteen species have been recorded in Peru.
White-chested swift, Cypseloides lemosi
White-chinned swift, Cypseloides cryptus
Chestnut-collared swift, Streptoprocne rutila
White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica
Amazonian swift, Chaetura viridipennis
Short-tailed swift, Chaetura brachyura
Gray-rumped swift, Chaetura cinereiventris
Pale-rumped swift, Chaetura egregia
White-tipped swift, Aeronautes montivagus
Andean swift, Aeronautes andecolus
Lesser swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila cayennensis
Fork-tailed palm-swift, Tachornis squamata
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Trochilidae
(The SACC places hummingbirds in their own order, Trochiliformes)
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. One hundred twenty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
Fiery topaz, Topaza pyra
White-necked jacobin, Florisuga mellivora
White-tipped sicklebill, Eutoxeres aquila
Buff-tailed sicklebill, Eutoxeres condamini
Rufous-breasted hermit, Glaucis hirsutus
Pale-tailed barbthroat, Threnetes leucurus
White-bearded hermit, Phaethornis hispidus
Green hermit, Phaethornis guy
Tawny-bellied hermit, Phaethornis syrmatophorus
Koepcke's hermit, Phaethornis koepckeae (E)
Needle-billed hermit, Phaethornis philippii
Straight-billed hermit, Phaethornis bourcieri
Long-billed hermit, Phaethornis longirostris
Great-billed hermit, Phaethornis malaris
Black-throated hermit, Phaethornis atrimentalis
Gray-chinned hermit, Phaethornis griseogularis
Reddish hermit, Phaethornis ruber
White-browed hermit, Phaethornis stuarti
Planalto hermit, Phaethornis pretrei
Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae
Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
Wedge-billed hummingbird, Schistes geoffroyi
Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae
Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus (The SACC retains the pre-split name C. thalassinus, green violetear)
Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans
Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti (H)
Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx auritus
White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi
Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis
Amethyst-throated sunangel, Heliangelus amethysticollis
Little sunangel, Heliangelus micraster
Purple-throated sunangel, Heliangelus viola
Royal sunangel, Heliangelus regalis
Wire-crested thorntail, Discosura popelairii
Black-bellied thorntail, Discosura langsdorffi
Rufous-crested coquette, Lophornis delattrei
Spangled coquette, Lophornis stictolophus
Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus
Ecuadorian piedtail, Phlogophilus hemileucurus
Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti (E)
Speckled hummingbird, Adelomyia melanogenys
Long-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus kingii
Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli (E)
Gray-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris (E)
Andean hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella
Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster (E)
Mountain avocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera
Black-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia victoriae
Green-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia nuna
Purple-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron microrhynchum
Rufous-capped thornbill, Chalcostigma ruficeps
Olivaceous thornbill, Chalcostigma olivaceum
Blue-mantled thornbill, Chalcostigma stanleyi
Rainbow-bearded thornbill, Chalcostigma herrani
Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis (E)
Tyrian metaltail, Metallura tyrianthina
Neblina metaltail, Metallura odomae
Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae (E)
Fire-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon (E)
Scaled metaltail, Metallura aeneocauda
Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe (E)
Greenish puffleg, Haplophaedia aureliae
Buff-thighed puffleg, Haplophaedia assimilis
Glowing puffleg, Eriocnemis vestita
Sapphire-vented puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani
Emerald-bellied puffleg, Eriocnemis aline
Marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis (E)
Shining sunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis
White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii (E)
Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae (E)
Bronzy Inca, Coeligena coeligena
Collared Inca, Coeligena torquata
Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer
Rainbow starfrontlet, Coeligena iris
Buff-winged starfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae
Mountain velvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi
Sword-billed hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera
Great sapphirewing, Pterophanes cyanopterus
Chestnut-breasted coronet, Boissonneaua matthewsii
Booted racket-tail, Ocreatus underwoodii
White-tailed hillstar, Urochroa bougueri
Rufous-vented whitetip, Urosticte ruficrissa
Pink-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa gularis
Rufous-webbed brilliant, Heliodoxa branickii
Black-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii
Gould's jewelfront, Heliodoxa aurescens
Fawn-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa rubinoides
Violet-fronted brilliant, Heliodoxa leadbeateri
Giant hummingbird, Patagona gigas
Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris
Purple-collared woodstar, Myrtis fanny
Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii (H)
Oasis hummingbird, Rhodopis vesper
Peruvian sheartail, Thaumastura cora
White-bellied woodstar, Chaetocercus mulsant
Little woodstar, Chaetocercus bombus
Short-tailed woodstar, Myrmia micrura
Amethyst woodstar, Calliphlox amethystina
Blue-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus
Glittering-bellied emerald, Chlorostilbon lucidus (A)
Blue-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes notata
Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti
Gray-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis
Napo sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio
Swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura
White-vented plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii
Crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica (H)
Fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata
Many-spotted hummingbird, Taphrospilus hypostictus
Tumbes hummingbird, Leucippus baeri
Spot-throated hummingbird, Leucippus taczanowskii (E)
Olive-spotted hummingbird, Leucippus chlorocercus
White-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia chionogaster
Green-and-white hummingbird, Amazilia viridicauda (E)
Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia
Andean emerald, Amazilia franciae
Glittering-throated emerald, Amazilia fimbriata
Sapphire-spangled emerald, Amazilia lactea
Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl
Golden-tailed sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone
Violet-bellied hummingbird, Damophila julie
Rufous-throated sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina
White-chinned sapphire, Hylocharis cyanus
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. Twelve species have been recorded in Peru.
Pavonine quetzal, Pharomachrus pavoninus
Golden-headed quetzal, Pharomachrus auriceps
Crested quetzal, Pharomachrus antisianus
Ecuadorian trogon, Trogon mesurus
Black-tailed trogon, Trogon melanurus
Green-backed trogon, Trogon viridis
Gartered trogon, Trogon caligatus
Amazonian trogon, Trogon ramonianus
Blue-crowned trogon, Trogon curucui
Black-throated trogon, Trogon rufus
Collared trogon, Trogon collaris
Masked trogon, Trogon personatus
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Momotidae
The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail. Five species have been recorded in Peru.
Whooping motmot, Momotus subrufescens
Amazonian motmot, Momotus momota
Andean motmot, Momotus aequatorialis
Rufous motmot, Baryphthengus martii
Broad-billed motmot, Electron platyrhynchum
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. Five species have been recorded in Peru.
Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquatus
Amazon kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona
Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana
Green-and-rufous kingfisher, Chloroceryle inda
American pygmy kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
Order: Galbuliformes Family: Bucconidae
The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family. Twenty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
White-necked puffbird, Notharchus hyperrhynchus
Brown-banded puffbird, Notharchus ordii
Pied puffbird, Notharchus tectus
Chestnut-capped puffbird, Bucco macrodactylus
Spotted puffbird, Bucco tamatia
Collared puffbird, Bucco capensis
Barred puffbird, Nystalus radiatus
Western striolated-puffbird, Nystalus obamai
White-eared puffbird, Nystalus chacuru
White-chested puffbird, Malacoptila fusca
Semicollared puffbird, Malacoptila semicincta
Rufous-necked puffbird, Malacoptila rufa
Black-streaked puffbird, Malacoptila fulvogularis
White-whiskered puffbird, Malacoptila panamensis
Lanceolated monklet, Micromonacha lanceolata
Rusty-breasted nunlet, Nonnula rubecula
Fulvous-chinned nunlet, Nonnula sclateri
Brown nunlet, Nonnula brunnea
Rufous-capped nunlet, Nonnula ruficapilla
White-faced nunbird, Hapaloptila castanea
Black-fronted nunbird, Monasa nigrifrons
White-fronted nunbird, Monasa morphoeus
Yellow-billed nunbird, Monasa flavirostris
Swallow-winged puffbird, Chelidoptera tenebrosa
Order: Galbuliformes Family: Galbulidae
The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. They resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds. Thirteen species that have been recorded in Peru.
White-eared jacamar, Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis
Purus jacamar, Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus
White-throated jacamar, Brachygalba albogularis
Brown jacamar, Brachygalba lugubris
Yellow-billed jacamar, Galbula albirostris
Blue-cheeked jacamar, Galbula cyanicollis
White-chinned jacamar, Galbula tombacea
Bluish-fronted jacamar, Galbula cyanescens
Coppery-chested jacamar, Galbula pastazae (H)
Purplish jacamar, Galbula chalcothorax
Bronzy jacamar, Galbula leucogastra
Paradise jacamar, Galbula dea
Great jacamar, Jacamerops aureus
Order: Piciformes Family: Capitonidae
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored. Seven species have been recorded in Peru.
Scarlet-crowned barbet, Capito aurovirens
Scarlet-banded barbet, Capito wallacei (E)
Gilded barbet, Capito auratus
Lemon-throated barbet, Eubucco richardsoni
Scarlet-hooded barbet, Eubucco tucinkae
Red-headed barbet, Eubucco bourcierii
Versicolored barbet, Eubucco versicolor
Order: Piciformes Family: Ramphastidae
Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length. Eighteen species have been recorded in Peru.
Emerald toucanet, Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Chestnut-tipped toucanet, Aulacorhynchus derbianus
Yellow-browed toucanet, Aulacorhynchus huallagae (E)
Blue-banded toucanet, Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis
Gray-breasted mountain-toucan, Andigena hypoglauca
Hooded mountain-toucan, Andigena cucullata
Black-billed mountain-toucan, Andigena nigrirostris (H)
Lettered aracari, Pteroglossus inscriptus
Collared aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus
Chestnut-eared aracari, Pteroglossus castanotis
Many-banded aracari, Pteroglossus pluricinctus
Ivory-billed aracari, Pteroglossus azara
Curl-crested aracari, Pteroglossus beauharnaesii
Golden-collared toucanet, Selenidera reinwardtii
Toco toucan, Ramphastos toco (H)
Yellow-throated toucan, Ramphastos ambiguus
White-throated toucan, Ramphastos tucanus
Channel-billed toucan, Ramphastos vitellinus
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. Thirty-nine species have been recorded in Peru.
Bar-breasted piculet, Picumnus aurifrons
Lafresnaye's piculet, Picumnus lafresnayi
Ecuadorian piculet, Picumnus sclateri
Speckle-chested piculet, Picumnus steindachneri (E)
Ocellated piculet, Picumnus dorbignyanus
White-wedged piculet, Picumnus albosquamatus
Rufous-breasted piculet, Picumnus rufiventris
Plain-breasted piculet, Picumnus castelnau
Fine-barred piculet, Picumnus subtilis
Olivaceous piculet, Picumnus olivaceus
White woodpecker, Melanerpes candidus (H)
Yellow-tufted woodpecker, Melanerpes cruentatus
Black-cheeked woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani
Smoky-brown woodpecker, Picoides fumigatus
Red-rumped woodpecker, Veniliornis kirkii
Little woodpecker, Veniliornis passerinus
Scarlet-backed woodpecker, Veniliornis callonotus
Yellow-vented woodpecker, Veniliornis dignus
Bar-bellied woodpecker, Veniliornis nigriceps
Red-stained woodpecker, Veniliornis affinis
White-throated woodpecker, Piculus leucolaemus
Yellow-throated woodpecker, Piculus flavigula
Golden-green woodpecker, Piculus chrysochloros
Golden-olive woodpecker, Colaptes rubiginosus
Crimson-mantled woodpecker, Colaptes rivolii
Black-necked woodpecker, Colaptes atricollis (E)
Spot-breasted woodpecker, Colaptes punctigula
Andean flicker, Colaptes rupicola
Ringed woodpecker, Celeus torquatus
Scale-breasted woodpecker, Celeus grammicus
Cream-colored woodpecker, Celeus flavus
Rufous-headed woodpecker, Celeus spectabilis
Chestnut woodpecker, Celeus elegans
Lineated woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
Powerful woodpecker, Campephilus pollens
Crimson-bellied woodpecker, Campephilus haematogaster
Red-necked woodpecker, Campephilus rubricollis
Crimson-crested woodpecker, Campephilus melanoleucos
Guayaquil woodpecker, Campephilus gayaquilensis
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. Eighteen species have been recorded in Peru.
Barred forest-falcon, Micrastur ruficollis
Lined forest-falcon, Micrastur gilvicollis
Slaty-backed forest-falcon, Micrastur mirandollei
Collared forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus
Buckley's forest-falcon, Micrastur buckleyi
Black caracara, Daptrius ater
Red-throated caracara, Ibycter americanus
Mountain caracara, Phalcoboenus megalopterus
Crested caracara, Caracara cheriway
Southern caracara, Caracara plancus
Yellow-headed caracara, Milvago chimachima
Laughing falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans
American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis
Bat falcon, Falco rufigularis
Orange-breasted falcon, Falco deiroleucus
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
New World and African parrots
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. Fifty-two species have been recorded in Peru.
Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet, Touit huetii
Sapphire-rumped parrotlet, Touit purpuratus
Spot-winged parrotlet, Touit stictopterus
Mountain parakeet, Psilopsiagon aurifrons
Barred parakeet, Bolborhynchus lineola
Andean parakeet, Bolborhynchus orbygnesius
Amazonian parrotlet, Nannopsittaca dachilleae
Tui parakeet, Brotogeris sanctithomae
White-winged parakeet, Brotogeris versicolurus (The SACC calls B. versicolurus canary-winged parakeet)
Gray-cheeked parakeet, Brotogeris pyrrhoptera
Cobalt-winged parakeet, Brotogeris cyanoptera
Red-faced parrot, Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops
Black-winged parrot, Hapalopsittaca melanotis
Orange-cheeked parrot, Pyrilia barrabandi
Red-billed parrot, Pionus sordidus
Speckle-faced parrot, Pionus tumultuosus
Blue-headed parrot, Pionus menstruus
Bronze-winged parrot, Pionus chalcopterus
Short-tailed parrot, Graydidascalus brachyurus
Festive parrot, Amazona festiva
Yellow-crowned parrot, Amazona ochrocephala
Turquoise-fronted parrot, Amazona aestiva (A)
Mealy parrot, Amazona farinosa
Orange-winged parrot, Amazona amazonica
Scaly-naped parrot, Amazona mercenarius
Blue-winged parrotlet, Forpus xanthopterygius
Dusky-billed parrotlet, Forpus modestus
Pacific parrotlet, Forpus coelestis
Yellow-faced parrotlet, Forpus xanthops (E)
Black-headed parrot, Pionites melanocephalus
White-bellied parrot, Pionites leucogaster
Red-fan parrot, Deroptyus accipitrinus
Bonaparte's parakeet, Pyrrhura lucianii
Rose-fronted parakeet, Pyrrhura roseifrons
Maroon-tailed parakeet, Pyrrhura melanura
Black-capped parakeet, Pyrrhura rupicola
White-necked parakeet, Pyrrhura albipectus (H)
Peach-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula aurea
Dusky-headed parakeet, Aratinga weddellii
Red-bellied macaw, Orthopsittaca manilatus
Blue-headed macaw, Primolius couloni
Blue-and-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna
Military macaw, Ara militaris
Scarlet macaw, Ara macao
Red-and-green macaw, Ara chloropterus
Chestnut-fronted macaw, Ara severus
Golden-plumed parakeet, Leptosittaca branickii
Red-shouldered macaw, Diopsittaca nobilis
Scarlet-fronted parakeet, Psittacara wagleri
Mitred parakeet, Psittacara mitratus
Red-masked parakeet, Psittacara erythrogenys
White-eyed parakeet, Psittacara leucophthalmus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thamnophilidae
The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones. One hundred sixteen species (117 according to Clements) have been recorded in Peru.
Rufous-rumped antwren, Euchrepomis callinota
Chestnut-shouldered antwren, Euchrepomis humeralis
Yellow-rumped antwren, Euchrepomis sharpei
Ash-winged antwren, Euchrepomis spodioptila (H)
Fasciated antshrike, Cymbilaimus lineatus
Bamboo antshrike, Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae
Undulated antshrike, Frederickena unduliger
Fulvous antshrike, Frederickena fulva
Great antshrike, Taraba major
Black-crested antshrike, Sakesphorus canadensis
Barred antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus
Rufous-capped antshrike, Thamnophilus ruficapillus
Chapman's antshrike, Thamnophilus zarumae
Lined antshrike, Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus
Chestnut-backed antshrike, Thamnophilus palliatus
Collared antshrike, Thamnophilus bernardi
Black-crowned antshrike, Thamnophilus atrinucha
Plain-winged antshrike, Thamnophilus schistaceus
Mouse-colored antshrike, Thamnophilus murinus
Castelnau's antshrike, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus
Northern slaty-antshrike, Thamnophilus punctatus
Variable antshrike, Thamnophilus caerulescens
Uniform antshrike, Thamnophilus unicolor
White-shouldered antshrike, Thamnophilus aethiops
Upland antshrike, Thamnophilus aroyae
Amazonian antshrike, Thamnophilus amazonicus
Acre antshrike, Thamnophilus divisorius
Pearly antshrike, Megastictus margaritatus
Black bushbird, Neoctantes niger
Russet antshrike, Thamnistes anabatinus
Plain antvireo, Dysithamnus mentalis
Bicolored antvireo, Dysithamnus occidentalis (H)
White-streaked antvireo, Dysithamnus leucostictus
Dusky-throated antshrike, Thamnomanes ardesiacus
Saturnine antshrike, Thamnomanes saturninus
Cinereous antshrike, Thamnomanes caesius
Bluish-slate antshrike, Thamnomanes schistogynus
Plain-throated antwren, Isleria hauxwelli
Spot-winged antshrike, Pygiptila stellaris
White-eyed antwren, Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
Rufous-backed antwren, Epinecrophylla haematonota (This entry and the next follow Clements; see note below)
Fulvous-throated antwren, Epinecrophylla pyrrhonota
Brown-backed antwren, Epinecrophylla fjeldsaai
Foothill antwren, Epinecrophylla spodionota
Ornate antwren, Epinecrophylla ornata
Rufous-tailed antwren, Epinecrophylla erythrura
Pygmy antwren, Myrmotherula brachyura
Moustached antwren, Myrmotherula ignota
Sclater's antwren, Myrmotherula sclateri
Amazonian streaked-antwren, Myrmotherula multostriata
Cherrie's antwren, Myrmotherula cherriei
Stripe-chested antwren, Myrmotherula longicauda
White-flanked antwren, Myrmotherula axillaris
Slaty antwren, Myrmotherula schisticolor
Rio Suno antwren, Myrmotherula sunensis
Long-winged antwren, Myrmotherula longipennis
Ihering's antwren, Myrmotherula iheringi
Ashy antwren, Myrmotherula grisea
Gray antwren, Myrmotherula menetriesii
Leaden antwren, Myrmotherula assimilis
Banded antbird, Dichrozona cincta
Creamy-bellied antwren, Herpsilochmus motacilloides (E)
Ash-throated antwren, Herpsilochmus parkeri (E)
Dugand's antwren, Herpsilochmus dugandi
Ancient antwren, Herpsilochmus gentryi
Yellow-breasted antwren, Herpsilochmus axillaris
Rufous-winged antwren, Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Dot-winged antwren, Microrhopias quixensis
White-fringed antwren, Formicivora grisea
Rusty-backed antwren, Formicivora rufa
Striated antbird, Drymophila devillei
Streak-headed antbird, Drymophila striaticeps
Peruvian warbling-antbird, Hypocnemis peruviana
Yellow-breasted warbling-antbird, Hypocnemis subflava
Yellow-browed antbird, Hypocnemis hypoxantha
Black antbird, Cercomacroides serva
Blackish antbird, Cercomacroides nigrescens
Riparian antbird, Cercomacroides fuscicauda
Manu antbird, Cercomacra manu
Gray antbird, Cercomacra cinerascens
White-backed fire-eye, Pyriglena leuconota
White-browed antbird, Myrmoborus leucophrys
Ash-breasted antbird, Myrmoborus lugubris
Black-faced antbird, Myrmoborus myotherinus
Black-tailed antbird, Myrmoborus melanurus
Black-chinned antbird, Hypocnemoides melanopogon
Band-tailed antbird, Hypocnemoides maculicauda
Black-and-white antbird, Myrmochanes hemileucus
Silvered antbird, Sclateria naevia
Black-headed antbird, Percnostola rufifrons
Allpahuayo antbird, Percnostola arenarum (E)
White-lined antbird, Percnostola lophotes
Slate-colored antbird, Myrmelastes schistaceus
Plumbeous antbird, Myrmelastes hyperythrus
Spot-winged antbird, Myrmelastes leucostigma
Humaita antbird, Myrmelastes humaythae (H)
Brownish-headed antbird, Myrmelastes brunneiceps
Gray-headed antbird, Ampelornis griseiceps
Chestnut-tailed antbird, Sciaphylax hemimelaena
Zimmer's antbird, Sciaphylax castanea
White-shouldered antbird, Akletos melanoceps
Goeldi's antbird, Akletos goeldii
Sooty antbird, Hafferia fortis
Black-throated antbird, Myrmophylax atrothorax
Wing-banded antbird, Myrmornis torquata
White-plumed antbird, Pithys albifrons
White-masked antbird, Pithys castaneus (E)
White-cheeked antbird, Gymnopithys leucaspis
White-throated antbird, Gymnopithys salvini
Lunulated antbird, Gymnopithys lunulatus
Hairy-crested antbird, Rhegmatorhina melanosticta
Spot-backed antbird, Hylophylax naevius
Dot-backed antbird, Hylophylax punctulatus
Common scale-backed antbird, Willisornis poecilinotus
Black-spotted bare-eye, Phlegopsis nigromaculata
Reddish-winged bare-eye, Phlegopsis erythroptera
Order: Passeriformes Family: Melanopareiidae
Marañon crescentchest, Melanopareia maranonica
Elegant crescentchest, Melanopareia elegans
Order: Passeriformes Family: Conopophagidae
The gnateaters are round, short-tailed and long-legged birds, which are closely related to the antbirds. Four species have been recorded in Peru.
Chestnut-belted gnateater, Conopophaga aurita
Ash-throated gnateater, Conopophaga peruviana
Chestnut-crowned gnateater, Conopophaga castaneiceps
Slaty gnateater, Conopophaga ardesiaca
Order: Passeriformes Family: Grallariidae
Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails and stout bills. Twenty-nine species have been recorded in Peru.
Undulated antpitta, Grallaria squamigera
Variegated antpitta, Grallaria varia
Scaled antpitta, Grallaria guatimalensis
Plain-backed antpitta, Grallaria haplonota
Ochre-striped antpitta, Grallaria dignissima
Elusive antpitta, Grallaria eludens
Chestnut-crowned antpitta, Grallaria ruficapilla
Watkins's antpitta, Grallaria watkinsi
Stripe-headed antpitta, Grallaria andicola
Jocotoco antpitta, Grallaria ridgelyi (H)
Chestnut-naped antpitta, Grallaria nuchalis
Pale-billed antpitta, Grallaria carrikeri (E)
White-throated antpitta, Grallaria albigula
White-bellied antpitta, Grallaria hypoleuca
Rusty-tinged antpitta, Grallaria przewalskii (E)
Bay antpitta, Grallaria capitalis (E)
Red-and-white antpitta, Grallaria erythroleuca (E)
Rufous antpitta, Grallaria rufula
Chestnut antpitta, Grallaria blakei (E)
Tawny antpitta, Grallaria quitensis
Spotted antpitta, Hylopezus macularius
White-lored antpitta, Hylopezus fulviventris
Amazonian antpitta, Hylopezus berlepschi
Thrush-like antpitta, Myrmothera campanisona
Ochre-breasted antpitta, Grallaricula flavirostris
Peruvian antpitta, Grallaricula peruviana
Ochre-fronted antpitta, Grallaricula ochraceifrons (E)
Rusty-breasted antpitta, Grallaricula ferrugineipectus
Slate-crowned antpitta, Grallaricula nana
Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhinocryptidae
The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head. Peru has the largest number of tapaculos of any country; twenty-one have been recorded there.
Rusty-belted tapaculo, Liosceles thoracicus
Ocellated tapaculo, Acropternis orthonyx
Ash-colored tapaculo, Myornis senilis
Blackish tapaculo, Scytalopus latrans
Junin tapaculo, Scytalopus gettyae (E)
Unicolored tapaculo, Scytalopus unicolor (E)
Trilling tapaculo, Scytalopus parvirostris
Large-footed tapaculo, Scytalopus macropus (E)
Long-tailed tapaculo, Scytalopus micropterus
Rufous-vented tapaculo, Scytalopus femoralis (E)
White-crowned tapaculo, Scytalopus atratus
Bolivian tapaculo, Scytalopus bolivianus
Chusquea tapaculo, Scytalopus parkeri
Neblina tapaculo, Scytalopus altirostris (E)
Ancash tapaculo, Scytalopus affinis (E)
Tschudi's tapaculo, Scytalopus acutirostris (E)
Vilcabamba tapaculo, Scytalopus urubambae (E)
Puna tapaculo, Scytalopus simonsi
Paramo tapaculo, Scytalopus opacus
Diademed tapaculo, Scytalopus schulenbergi
Order: Passeriformes Family: Formicariidae
Seven species have been recorded in Peru.
Rufous-capped antthrush, Formicarius colma
Black-faced antthrush, Formicarius analis
Rufous-fronted antthrush, Formicarius rufifrons
Rufous-breasted antthrush, Formicarius rufipectus
Short-tailed antthrush, Chamaeza campanisona
Striated antthrush, Chamaeza nobilis
Barred antthrush, Chamaeza mollissima
Ovenbirds and woodcreepers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Furnariidae
Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks. One hundred fifty-two species have been recorded in Peru.
Tawny-throated leaftosser, Sclerurus mexicanus
Short-billed leaftosser, Sclerurus rufigularis
Black-tailed leaftosser, Sclerurus caudacutus
Gray-throated leaftosser, Sclerurus albigularis
Coastal miner, Geositta peruviana (E)
Slender-billed miner, Geositta tenuirostris
Common miner, Geositta cunicularia
Puna miner, Geositta punensis
Thick-billed miner, Geositta crassirostris (E)
Grayish miner, Geositta maritima
Dark-winged miner, Geositta saxicolina (E)
Spot-throated woodcreeper, Certhiasomus stictolaemus
Olivaceous woodcreeper, Sittasomus griseicapillus
Long-tailed woodcreeper, Deconychura longicauda
Tyrannine woodcreeper, Dendrocincla tyrannina
White-chinned woodcreeper, Dendrocincla merula
Plain-brown woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Wedge-billed woodcreeper, Glyphorynchus spirurus
Cinnamon-throated woodcreeper, Dendrexetastes rufigula
Long-billed woodcreeper, Nasica longirostris
Amazonian barred-woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes certhia
Black-banded woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes picumnus
Bar-bellied woodcreeper, Hylexetastes stresemanni
Strong-billed woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
Striped woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
Ocellated woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus ocellatus
Elegant woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus elegans
Buff-throated woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus guttatus
Olive-backed woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus triangularis
Straight-billed woodcreeper, Dendroplex picus
Zimmer's woodcreeper, Dendroplex kienerii
Red-billed scythebill, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris
Curve-billed scythebill, Campylorhamphus procurvoides
Brown-billed scythebill, Campylorhamphus pusillus
Greater scythebill, Drymotoxeres pucheranii
Streak-headed woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Montane woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger
Duida woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes duidae
Inambari woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae
Slender-billed xenops, Xenops tenuirostris
Plain xenops, Xenops minutus
Streaked xenops, Xenops rutilans
Point-tailed palmcreeper, Berlepschia rikeri
Rufous-tailed xenops, Microxenops milleri
Straight-billed earthcreeper, Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus
Streaked tuftedcheek, Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii
Rusty-winged barbtail, Premnornis guttuliger
Pale-legged hornero, Furnarius leucopus
Pale-billed hornero, Furnarius torridus
Lesser hornero, Furnarius minor
Sharp-tailed streamcreeper, Lochmias nematura
Wren-like rushbird, Phleocryptes melanops
Striated earthcreeper, Geocerthia serrana (E)
Scale-throated earthcreeper, Upucerthia dumetaria
White-throated earthcreeper, Upucerthia albigula
Buff-breasted earthcreeper, Upucerthia validirostris
Chestnut-winged cinclodes, Cinclodes albidiventris
Cream-winged cinclodes, Cinclodes albiventris
Royal cinclodes, Cinclodes aricomae
White-bellied cinclodes, Cinclodes palliatus (E)
White-winged cinclodes, Cinclodes atacamensis
Surf cinclodes, Cinclodes taczanowskii (E)
Dusky-cheeked foliage-gleaner, Anabazenops dorsalis
Rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner, Philydor erythrocercum
Chestnut-winged foliage-gleaner, Philydor erythropterum
Buff-fronted foliage-gleaner, Philydor rufum
Cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaner, Philydor pyrrhodes
Montane foliage-gleaner, Anabacerthia striaticollis
Rufous-tailed foliage-gleaner, Anabacerthia ruficaudata
Lineated foliage-gleaner, Syndactyla subalaris
Buff-browed foliage-gleaner, Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
Rufous-necked foliage-gleaner, Syndactyla ruficollis
Peruvian recurvebill, Syndactyla ucayalae
Bolivian recurvebill, Syndactyla striata
Chestnut-winged hookbill, Ancistrops strigilatus
Henna-hooded foliage-gleaner, Clibanornis erythrocephalus
Ruddy foliage-gleaner, Clibanornis rubiginosus
Flammulated treehunter, Thripadectes flammulatus
Rufous-backed treehunter, Thripadectes scrutator
Striped treehunter, Thripadectes holostictus
Black-billed treehunter, Thripadectes melanorhynchus
Chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner, Automolus rufipileatus
Brown-rumped foliage-gleaner, Automolus melanopezus
Buff-throated foliage-gleaner, Automolus ochrolaemus
Striped woodhaunter, Automolus subulatus
Olive-backed foliage-gleaner, Automolus infuscatus
Spotted barbtail, Premnoplex brunnescens
Pearled treerunner, Margarornis squamiger
Tawny tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura yanacensis
Plain-mantled tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura aegithaloides
Rusty-crowned tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura pileata (E)
White-browed tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura xenothorax (E)
Streaked tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura striata
Andean tit-spinetail, Leptasthenura andicola
Rufous-fronted thornbird, Phacellodomus rufifrons
Streak-fronted thornbird, Phacellodomus striaticeps
Chestnut-backed thornbird, Phacellodomus dorsalis (E)
White-browed spinetail, Hellmayrea gularis
Creamy-breasted canastero, Asthenes dorbignyi
Line-fronted canastero, Asthenes urubambensis
Many-striped canastero, Asthenes flammulata
Junin canastero, Asthenes virgata (E)
Scribble-tailed canastero, Asthenes maculicauda
Streak-backed canastero, Asthenes wyatti
Puna canastero, Asthenes sclateri
Streak-throated canastero, Asthenes humilis
Cordilleran canastero, Asthenes modesta
Puna thistletail, Asthenes helleri
Ayacucho thistletail, Asthenes ayacuchensis (E)
Vilcabamba thistletail, Asthenes vilcabambae (E)
Canyon canastero, Asthenes pudibunda
Rusty-fronted canastero, Asthenes ottonis (E)
Eye-ringed thistletail, Asthenes palpebralis (E)
White-chinned thistletail, Asthenes fuliginosa
Mouse-colored thistletail, Asthenes griseomurina
Orange-fronted plushcrown, Metopothrix aurantiaca
Equatorial graytail, Xenerpestes singularis
Spectacled prickletail, Siptornis striaticollis
Plain softtail, Thripophaga fusciceps
Russet-mantled softtail, Thripophaga berlepschi (E)
Marcapata spinetail, Cranioleuca marcapatae (E)
Light-crowned spinetail, Cranioleuca albiceps
Rusty-backed spinetail, Cranioleuca vulpina (H)
Parker's spinetail, Cranioleuca vulpecula
Creamy-crested spinetail, Cranioleuca albicapilla (E)
Ash-browed spinetail, Cranioleuca curtata
Line-cheeked spinetail, Cranioleuca antisiensis
Baron's spinetail, Cranioleuca baroni (E)
Speckled spinetail, Cranioleuca gutturata
Cactus canastero, Pseudasthenes cactorum (E)
Yellow-chinned spinetail, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (H)
Red-and-white spinetail, Certhiaxis mustelinus
Azara's spinetail, Synallaxis azarae
Apurimac spinetail, Synallaxis courseni (E)
Pale-breasted spinetail, Synallaxis albescens
Dark-breasted spinetail, Synallaxis albigularis
Cinereous-breasted spinetail, Synallaxis hypospodia
Ruddy spinetail, Synallaxis rutilans
Chestnut-throated spinetail, Synallaxis cherriei
Rufous spinetail, Synallaxis unirufa
Slaty spinetail, Synallaxis brachyura
Blackish-headed spinetail, Synallaxis tithys
White-bellied spinetail, Synallaxis propinqua (The SACC calls white-bellied spinetail Mazaria propinqua and places it following red-and-white spinetail)
Dusky spinetail, Synallaxis moesta
Cabanis's spinetail, Synallaxis cabanisi
Marañon spinetail, Synallaxis maranonica
Great spinetail, Synallaxis hypochondriaca (E)
Plain-crowned spinetail, Synallaxis gujanensis
Ochre-cheeked spinetail, Synallaxis scutata
Russet-bellied spinetail, Synallaxis zimmeri (E)
Necklaced spinetail, Synallaxis stictothorax
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. Peru has the largest number of tyrant flycatchers of any country and it is indeed the largest assemblage of a family in any country on earth. Two hundred forty-four have been recorded there.
White-lored tyrannulet, Ornithion inerme
Southern beardless-tyrannulet, Camptostoma obsoletum
White-tailed tyrannulet, Mecocerculus poecilocercus
Buff-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus hellmayri
White-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus stictopterus
White-throated tyrannulet, Mecocerculus leucophrys
Rufous-winged tyrannulet, Mecocerculus calopterus
Sulphur-bellied tyrannulet, Mecocerculus minor
Black-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes nigrocristatus
Pied-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes reguloides
Ash-breasted tit-tyrant, Anairetes alpinus
Yellow-billed tit-tyrant, Anairetes flavirostris
Tufted tit-tyrant, Anairetes parulus
Unstreaked tit-tyrant, Uromyias agraphia (E)
Mouse-colored tyrannulet, Phaeomyias murina
Yellow tyrannulet, Capsiempis flaveola
Subtropical doradito, Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis
Yellow-crowned tyrannulet, Tyrannulus elatus
Forest elaenia, Myiopagis gaimardii
Gray elaenia, Myiopagis caniceps
Foothill elaenia, Myiopagis olallai
Pacific elaenia, Myiopagis subplacens
Yellow-crowned elaenia, Myiopagis flavivertex
Greenish elaenia, Myiopagis viridicata
Yellow-bellied elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster
Large elaenia, Elaenia spectabilis
White-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps
Small-billed elaenia, Elaenia parvirostris
Slaty elaenia, Elaenia strepera
Mottle-backed elaenia, Elaenia gigas
Brownish elaenia, Elaenia pelzelni
Plain-crested elaenia, Elaenia cristata
Lesser elaenia, Elaenia chiriquensis
Highland elaenia, Elaenia obscura
Sierran elaenia, Elaenia pallatangae
Torrent tyrannulet, Serpophaga cinerea
River tyrannulet, Serpophaga hypoleuca
Streak-necked flycatcher, Mionectes striaticollis
Olive-striped flycatcher, Mionectes olivaceus
Ochre-bellied flycatcher, Mionectes oleagineus
McConnell's flycatcher, Mionectes macconnelli
Sepia-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Slaty-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon superciliaris
Rufous-breasted flycatcher, Leptopogon rufipectus
Inca flycatcher, Leptopogon taczanowskii (E)
Variegated bristle-tyrant, Phylloscartes poecilotis
Marble-faced bristle-tyrant, Phylloscartes ophthalmicus
Spectacled bristle-tyrant, Phylloscartes orbitalis
Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet, Phylloscartes ventralis
Ecuadorian tyrannulet, Phylloscartes gualaquizae
Rufous-browed tyrannulet, Phylloscartes superciliaris (H)
Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet, Phylloscartes parkeri
Rough-legged tyrannulet, Phyllomyias burmeisteri
Sclater's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias sclateri
Yungas tyrannulet, Phyllomyias weedeni
Sooty-headed tyrannulet, Phyllomyias griseiceps
Black-capped tyrannulet, Phyllomyias nigrocapillus
Ashy-headed tyrannulet, Phyllomyias cinereiceps
Tawny-rumped tyrannulet, Phyllomyias uropygialis
Plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet, Phyllomyias plumbeiceps
Bolivian tyrannulet, Zimmerius bolivianus
Red-billed tyrannulet, Zimmerius cinereicapilla
Mishana tyrannulet, Zimmerius villarejoi (E)
Slender-footed tyrannulet, Zimmerius gracilipes
Golden-faced tyrannulet, Zimmerius chrysops
Peruvian tyrannulet, Zimmerius viridiflavus (E)
Amazonian scrub-flycatcher, Sublegatus obscurior
Southern scrub-flycatcher, Sublegatus modestus
Plain tyrannulet, Inezia inornata
Ornate flycatcher, Myiotriccus ornatus
Many-colored rush tyrant, Tachuris rubrigastra
Bronze-olive pygmy-tyrant, Pseudotriccus pelzelni
Hazel-fronted pygmy-tyrant, Pseudotriccus simplex
Rufous-headed pygmy-tyrant, Pseudotriccus ruficeps
Ringed antpipit, Corythopis torquatus
Tawny-crowned pygmy-tyrant, Euscarthmus meloryphus
Gray-and-white tyrannulet, Pseudelaenia leucospodia
Lesser wagtail-tyrant, Stigmatura napensis
White-bellied pygmy-tyrant, Myiornis albiventris
Short-tailed pygmy-tyrant, Myiornis ecaudatus
Scale-crested pygmy-tyrant, Lophotriccus pileatus
Double-banded pygmy-tyrant, Lophotriccus vitiosus
Long-crested pygmy-tyrant, Lophotriccus eulophotes
Helmeted pygmy-tyrant, Lophotriccus galeatus
Snethlage's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minor (H)
Yungas tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus spodiops
Acre tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cohnhafti
Flammulated pygmy-tyrant, Hemitriccus flammulatus
White-eyed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus zosterops
White-bellied tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus griseipectus
Johannes's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus iohannis
Stripe-necked tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus striaticollis
Pearly-vented tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
Zimmer's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minimus
Black-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus granadensis
Cinnamon-breasted tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus
Buff-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus rufigularis
Rufous-crowned tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus ruficeps
Johnson's tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus luluae (E)
White-cheeked tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus albifacies
Black-and-white tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus capitalis
Ochre-faced tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps
Rusty-fronted tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus latirostris
Golden-winged tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus calopterus
Black-backed tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus pulchellus (E)
Spotted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum maculatum
Common tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum
Yellow-browed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum
Brownish twistwing, Cnipodectes subbrunneus
Rufous twistwing, Cnipodectes superrufus
Olivaceous flatbill, Rhynchocyclus olivaceus
Fulvous-breasted flatbill, Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus
Yellow-olive flycatcher, Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Orange-eyed flycatcher, Tolmomyias traylori
Yellow-margined flycatcher, Tolmomyias assimilis
Gray-crowned flycatcher, Tolmomyias poliocephalus
Yellow-breasted flycatcher, Tolmomyias flaviventris
Cinnamon-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus saturatus
White-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus mystaceus
Golden-crowned spadebill, Platyrinchus coronatus
Yellow-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus flavigularis
White-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus platyrhynchos
Royal flycatcher, Onychorhynchus coronatus
Ruddy-tailed flycatcher, Terenotriccus erythrurus
Cinnamon manakin-tyrant, Neopipo cinnamomea
Cinnamon flycatcher, Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus
Cliff flycatcher, Hirundinea ferruginea
Handsome flycatcher, Nephelomyias pulcher
Orange-banded flycatcher, Nephelomyias lintoni
Ochraceous-breasted flycatcher, Nephelomyias ochraceiventris
Tawny-breasted flycatcher, Myiobius villosus
Whiskered flycatcher, Myiobius barbatus (The SACC calls M. barbatus Sulphur-rumped flycatcher.)
Black-tailed flycatcher, Myiobius atricaudus
Flavescent flycatcher, Myiophobus flavicans
Orange-crested flycatcher, Myiophobus phoenicomitra
Unadorned flycatcher, Myiophobus inornatus
Roraiman flycatcher, Myiophobus roraimae
Olive-chested flycatcher, Myiophobus cryptoxanthus
Bran-colored flycatcher, Myiophobus fasciatus
Euler's flycatcher, Lathrotriccus euleri
Gray-breasted flycatcher, Lathrotriccus griseipectus
Olive flycatcher, Mitrephanes olivaceus
Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
Smoke-colored pewee, Contopus fumigatus
Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus
Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
Tropical pewee, Contopus cinereus
Blackish pewee, Contopus nigrescens
Fuscous flycatcher, Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum
Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans
Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus
Andean negrito, Lessonia oreas
Riverside tyrant, Knipolegus orenocensis
Rufous-tailed tyrant, Knipolegus poecilurus
Amazonian black-tyrant, Knipolegus poecilocercus
Jelski's black-tyrant, Knipolegus signatus
Plumbeous black-tyrant, Knipolegus cabanisi
White-winged black-tyrant, Knipolegus aterrimus
Hudson's black-tyrant, Knipolegus hudsoni (A)
Spectacled tyrant, Hymenops perspicillatus (A)
Drab water tyrant, Ochthornis littoralis
Yellow-browed tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys
Little ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola fluviatilis
Spot-billed ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola maculirostris
Taczanowski's ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola griseus
Puna ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola juninensis
Cinereous ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola cinereus
White-fronted ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola albifrons
Ochre-naped ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola flavinucha
Rufous-naped ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola rufivertex
Dark-faced ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola maclovianus
White-browed ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola albilora
Plain-capped ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola alpinus (H)
Cinnamon-bellied ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola capistratus
Black-fronted ground-tyrant, Muscisaxicola frontalis
Black-billed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis montanus
White-tailed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis albicauda
Gray-bellied shrike-tyrant, Agriornis micropterus
Gray monjita, Xolmis cinereus
Streak-throated bush-tyrant, Myiotheretes striaticollis
Smoky bush-tyrant, Myiotheretes fumigatus
Rufous-bellied bush-tyrant, Myiotheretes fuscorufus
Red-rumped bush-tyrant, Cnemarchus erythropygius
Rufous-webbed bush-tyrant, Polioxolmis rufipennis
Pied water-tyrant, Fluvicola pica (A)
Black-backed water-tyrant, Fluvicola albiventer
Masked water-tyrant, Fluvicola nengeta
White-headed marsh tyrant, Arundinicola leucocephala
Tumbes tyrant, Tumbezia salvini (E)
Crowned chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca frontalis
Jelski's chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca jelskii
Golden-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca pulchella
Yellow-bellied chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca diadema
Slaty-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris
Rufous-breasted chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca rufipectoralis
Brown-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca fumicolor
d'Orbigny's chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca oenanthoides
Piura chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca piurae (E)
White-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca leucophrys
Long-tailed tyrant, Colonia colonus
Short-tailed field tyrant, Muscigralla brevicauda
Large-headed flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum
Rufous-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon ruficauda
Dusky-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda
Cinnamon attila, Attila cinnamomeus
Ochraceous attila, Attila torridus
Citron-bellied attila, Attila citriniventris
Dull-capped attila, Attila bolivianus
Bright-rumped attila, Attila spadiceus
White-rumped sirystes, Sirystes albocinereus
Rufous casiornis, Casiornis rufus
Grayish mourner, Rhytipterna simplex
Rufous flycatcher, Myiarchus semirufus (E)
Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer
Swainson's flycatcher, Myiarchus swainsoni
Short-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus ferox
Sooty-crowned flycatcher, Myiarchus phaeocephalus
Pale-edged flycatcher, Myiarchus cephalotes
Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus (H)
Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus
Lesser kiskadee, Pitangus lictor
Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed flycatcher, Megarynchus pitangua
Rusty-margined flycatcher, Myiozetetes cayanensis
Social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis
Gray-capped flycatcher, Myiozetetes granadensis
Dusky-chested flycatcher, Myiozetetes luteiventris
Yellow-throated flycatcher, Conopias parvus
Three-striped flycatcher, Conopias trivirgatus
Lemon-browed flycatcher, Conopias cinchoneti
Golden-crowned flycatcher, Myiodynastes chrysocephalus
Baird's flycatcher, Myiodynastes bairdii
Streaked flycatcher, Myiodynastes maculatus
Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynastes luteiventris
Piratic flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius
Variegated flycatcher, Empidonomus varius
Crowned slaty flycatcher, Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus
Sulphury flycatcher, Tyrannopsis sulphurea
Snowy-throated kingbird, Tyrannus niveigularis
White-throated kingbird, Tyrannus albogularis
Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oxyruncidae
Sharpbill, Oxyruncus cristatus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cotingidae
The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles. Thirty species have been recorded in Peru.
Green-and-black fruiteater, Pipreola riefferii
Band-tailed fruiteater, Pipreola intermedia
Barred fruiteater, Pipreola arcuata
Black-chested fruiteater, Pipreola lubomirskii
Masked fruiteater, Pipreola pulchra (E)
Scarlet-breasted fruiteater, Pipreola frontalis
Fiery-throated fruiteater, Pipreola chlorolepidota
Scaled fruiteater, Ampelioides tschudii
White-cheeked cotinga, Zaratornis stresemanni (E)
Peruvian plantcutter, Phytotoma raimondii (E)
Bay-vented cotinga, Doliornis sclateri (E)
Red-crested cotinga, Ampelion rubrocristatus
Chestnut-crested cotinga, Ampelion rufaxilla
Black-necked red-cotinga, Phoenicircus nigricollis
Andean cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruviana
Gray-tailed piha, Snowornis subalaris
Olivaceous piha, Snowornis cryptolophus
Purple-throated fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
Red-ruffed fruitcrow, Pyroderus scutatus
Amazonian umbrellabird, Cephalopterus ornatus
Plum-throated cotinga, Cotinga maynana
Purple-breasted cotinga, Cotinga cotinga
Spangled cotinga, Cotinga cayana
Dusky piha, Lipaugus fuscocinereus
Scimitar-winged piha, Lipaugus uropygialis
Screaming piha, Lipaugus vociferans
Purple-throated cotinga, Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema
Pompadour cotinga, Xipholena punicea
Bare-necked fruitcrow, Gymnoderus foetidus
Black-faced cotinga, Conioptilon mcilhennyi
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pipridae
The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries and insects. Twenty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
Dwarf tyrant-manakin, Tyranneutes stolzmanni
Saffron-crested tyrant-manakin, Neopelma chrysocephalum
Sulphur-bellied tyrant-manakin, Neopelma sulphureiventer
Jet manakin, Chloropipo unicolor
Blue-backed manakin, Chiroxiphia pareola
Yungas manakin, Chiroxiphia boliviana
Golden-winged manakin, Masius chrysopterus
Black manakin, Xenopipo atronitens
Green manakin, Cryptopipo holochlora
Blue-crowned manakin, Lepidothrix coronata
Blue-rumped manakin, Lepidothrix isidorei
Cerulean-capped manakin, Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla (E)
Orange-crowned manakin, Heterocercus aurantiivertex
Flame-crowned manakin, Heterocercus linteatus (H)
White-bearded manakin, Manacus manacus
Wire-tailed manakin, Pipra filicauda
Band-tailed manakin, Pipra fasciicauda
Striped manakin, Machaeropterus regulus
Fiery-capped manakin, Machaeropterus pyrocephalus
White-crowned manakin, Dixiphia pipra
Golden-headed manakin, Ceratopipra erythrocephala
Red-headed manakin, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla
Round-tailed manakin, Ceratopipra chloromeros
Wing-barred piprites, Piprites chloris (The SACC considers P. chloris to be incertae sedis)
Tityras and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tityridae
Twenty-two species have been recorded in Peru.
Black-tailed tityra, Tityra cayana
Black-crowned tityra, Tityra inquisitor
Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata
Varzea schiffornis, Schiffornis major
Northern schiffornis, Schiffornis veraepacis
Foothill schiffornis, Schiffornis aenea
Brown-winged schiffornis, Schiffornis turdina
Cinereous mourner, Laniocera hypopyrra
White-browed purpletuft, Iodopleura isabellae
Shrike-like cotinga, Laniisoma elegans
White-naped xenopsaris, Xenopsaris albinucha (A)
Green-backed becard, Pachyramphus viridis
Barred becard, Pachyramphus versicolor
Slaty becard, Pachyramphus spodiurus
Cinereous becard, Pachyramphus rufus
Chestnut-crowned becard, Pachyramphus castaneus
White-winged becard, Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-and-white becard, Pachyramphus albogriseus
Black-capped becard, Pachyramphus marginatus
One-colored becard, Pachyramphus homochrous
Pink-throated becard, Pachyramphus minor
Crested becard, Pachyramphus validus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. Twelve species have been recorded in Peru.
Rufous-browed peppershrike, Cyclarhis gujanensis
Olivaceous greenlet, Hylophilus olivaceus
Brown-capped vireo, Vireo leucophrys
Ashy-headed greenlet, Hylophilus pectoralis (H)
Gray-chested greenlet, Hylophilus semicinereus
Lemon-chested greenlet, Hylophilus thoracicus
Slaty-capped shrike-vireo, Vireolanius leucotis
Tawny-crowned greenlet, Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
Lesser greenlet, Pachysylvia decurtata
Dusky-capped greenlet, Pachysylvia hypoxantha
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Six species have been recorded in Peru.
Turquoise jay, Cyanolyca turcosa
White-collared jay, Cyanolyca viridicyana
Green jay, Cyanocorax yncas
Purplish jay, Cyanocorax cyanomelas
Violaceous jay, Cyanocorax violaceus
White-tailed jay, Cyanocorax mystacalis
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Twenty-one species have been recorded in Peru.
Blue-and-white swallow, Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Tawny-headed swallow, Alopochelidon fucata (A)
Pale-footed swallow, Orochelidon flavipes
Brown-bellied swallow, Orochelidon murina
Andean swallow, Orochelidon andecola
White-thighed swallow, Atticora tibialis
White-banded swallow, Atticora fasciata
Southern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Purple martin, Progne subis
Gray-breasted martin, Progne chalybea
Southern martin, Progne elegans
Peruvian martin, Progne murphyi
Brown-chested martin, Progne tapera
Tumbes swallow, Tachycineta stolzmanni
White-winged swallow, Tachycineta albiventer
White-rumped swallow, Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Chilean swallow, Tachycineta meyeni (H)
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Chestnut-collared swallow, Petrochelidon rufocollaris
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. Twenty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
Scaly-breasted wren, Microcerculus marginatus
Wing-banded wren, Microcerculus bambla
Gray-mantled wren, Odontorchilus branickii
House wren, Troglodytes aedon
Mountain wren, Troglodytes solstitialis
Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis
Fasciated wren, Campylorhynchus fasciatus
Thrush-like wren, Campylorhynchus turdinus
Plain-tailed wren, Pheugopedius euophrys
Inca wren, Pheugopedius eisenmanni (E)
Moustached wren, Pheugopedius genibarbis
Coraya wren, Pheugopedius coraya
Speckle-breasted wren, Pheugopedius sclateri
Superciliated wren, Cantorchilus superciliaris
Buff-breasted wren, Cantorchilus leucotis
Rufous wren, Cinnycerthia unirufa
Sharpe's wren, Cinnycerthia olivascens
Peruvian wren, Cinnycerthia peruana (E)
Fulvous wren, Cinnycerthia fulva
White-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucosticta
Bar-winged wood-wren, Henicorhina leucoptera
Gray-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucophrys
Chestnut-breasted wren, Cyphorhinus thoracicus
Musician wren, Cyphorhinus aradus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees. Five species have been recorded in Peru.
Collared gnatwren, Microbates collaris
Tawny-faced gnatwren, Microbates cinereiventris (The SACC calls M. cinereiventris half-collared gnatwren)
Long-billed gnatwren, Ramphocaenus melanurus
Tropical gnatcatcher, Polioptila plumbea
Iquitos gnatcatcher, Polioptila clementsi (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. One species has been recorded in Peru.
White-capped dipper, Cinclus leucocephalus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Donacobiidae
Black-capped donacobius, Donacobius atricapilla
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. Twenty-five species have been recorded in Peru.
Andean solitaire, Myadestes ralloides
Slaty-backed nightingale-thrush, Catharus fuscater
Spotted nightingale-thrush, Catharus dryas
Veery, Catharus fuscescens (A)
Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
White-eared solitaire, Entomodestes leucotis
Rufous-brown solitaire, Cichlopsis leucogenys
Pale-eyed thrush, Turdus leucops
Plumbeous-backed thrush, Turdus reevei
Pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas
Hauxwell's thrush, Turdus hauxwelli
Pale-vented thrush, Turdus obsoletus (H)
Ecuadorian thrush, Turdus maculirostris
Varzea thrush, Turdus sanchezorum
Lawrence's thrush, Turdus lawrencii
Creamy-bellied thrush, Turdus amaurochalinus
Black-billed thrush, Turdus ignobilis
Marañon thrush, Turdus maranonicus
Chestnut-bellied thrush, Turdus fulviventris
Slaty thrush, Turdus nigriceps
Great thrush, Turdus fuscater
Chiguanco thrush, Turdus chiguanco
Glossy-black thrush, Turdus serranus
White-necked thrush, Turdus albicollis
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns. Three species have been recorded in Peru.
White-banded mockingbird, Mimus triurus (A)
Brown-backed mockingbird, Mimus dorsalis (A)
Long-tailed mockingbird, Mimus longicaudatus
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. Five species have been recorded in Peru.
Yellowish pipit, Anthus lutescens
Short-billed pipit, Anthus furcatus
Correndera pipit, Anthus correndera
Hellmayr's pipit, Anthus hellmayri
Paramo pipit, Anthus bogotensis
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. Twenty-five species have been recorded in Peru.
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (H)
Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia (A)
Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis
Masked yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea
Tropical parula, Setophaga pitiayumi
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum (A)
Three-striped warbler, Basileuterus tristriatus
Three-banded warbler, Basileuterus trifasciatus
Citrine warbler, Myiothlypis luteoviridis
Pale-legged warbler, Myiothlypis signata
Black-crested warbler, Myiothlypis nigrocristata
Buff-rumped warbler, Myiothlypis fulvicauda
Two-banded warbler, Myiothlypis bivittata
Golden-bellied warbler, Myiothlypis chrysogaster
Gray-and-gold warbler, Myiothlypis fraseri
Russet-crowned warbler, Myiothlypis coronata
Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
Slate-throated redstart, Myioborus miniatus
Spectacled redstart, Myioborus melanocephalus
Tanagers and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings. One hundred eighty-seven species have been recorded in Peru.
Red-capped cardinal, Paroaria gularis
Black-faced tanager, Schistochlamys melanopis
Magpie tanager, Cissopis leverianus
Black-and-white tanager, Conothraupis speculigera
Red-billed pied tanager, Lamprospiza melanoleuca
White-capped tanager, Sericossypha albocristata
Hooded tanager, Nemosia pileata
Rufous-crested tanager, Creurgops verticalis
Slaty tanager, Creurgops dentatus
Black-capped hemispingus, Hemispingus atropileus
Orange-browed hemispingus, Hemispingus calophrys
Parodi's hemispingus, Hemispingus parodii (E)
Superciliaried hemispingus, Hemispingus superciliaris
Oleaginous hemispingus, Hemispingus frontalis
Black-eared hemispingus, Hemispingus melanotis
Rufous-browed hemispingus, Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris (E)
Black-headed hemispingus, Hemispingus verticalis
Drab hemispingus, Hemispingus xanthophthalmus
Three-striped hemispingus, Hemispingus trifasciatus
Gray-hooded bush tanager, Cnemoscopus rubrirostris
Rufous-chested tanager, Thlypopsis ornata
Brown-flanked tanager, Thlypopsis pectoralis (E)
Orange-headed tanager, Thlypopsis sordida
Buff-bellied tanager, Thlypopsis inornata
Rust-and-yellow tanager, Thlypopsis ruficeps
Pardusco, Nephelornis oneilli (E)
Black-goggled tanager, Trichothraupis melanops
Gray-headed tanager, Eucometis penicillata
Flame-crested tanager, Tachyphonus cristatus
Yellow-crested tanager, Tachyphonus rufiventer
Fulvous-crested tanager, Tachyphonus surinamus
White-shouldered tanager, Tachyphonus luctuosus
White-lined tanager, Tachyphonus rufus
Red-shouldered tanager, Tachyphonus phoenicius
Fulvous shrike-tanager, Lanio fulvus
White-winged shrike-tanager, Lanio versicolor
Flame-rumped tanager, Ramphocelus flammigerus
Black-bellied tanager, Ramphocelus melanogaster (E)
Silver-beaked tanager, Ramphocelus carbo
Masked crimson tanager, Ramphocelus nigrogularis
Vermilion tanager, Calochaetes coccineus
Orange-throated tanager, Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron
Hooded mountain-tanager, Buthraupis montana
Masked mountain-tanager, Buthraupis wetmorei
Black-chested mountain-tanager, Cnemathraupis eximia
Golden-backed mountain-tanager, Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis (E)
Grass-green tanager, Chlorornis riefferii
Lacrimose mountain-tanager, Anisognathus lacrymosus
Scarlet-bellied mountain-tanager, Anisognathus igniventris
Blue-winged mountain-tanager, Anisognathus somptuosus
Buff-breasted mountain-tanager, Dubusia taeniata
Chestnut-bellied mountain-tanager, Dubusia castaneoventris
Yellow-throated tanager, Iridosornis analis
Golden-collared tanager, Iridosornis jelskii
Golden-crowned tanager, Iridosornis rufivertex
Yellow-scarfed tanager, Iridosornis reinhardti (E)
Fawn-breasted tanager, Pipraeidea melanonota
Blue-and-yellow tanager, Pipraeidea bonariensis
Orange-eared tanager, Chlorochrysa calliparaea
Blue-gray tanager, Thraupis episcopus
Sayaca tanager, Thraupis sayaca (H)
Palm tanager, Thraupis palmarum
Blue-capped tanager, Thraupis cyanocephala
Golden-naped tanager, Tangara ruficervix
Silvery tanager, Tangara viridicollis
Green-throated tanager, Tangara argyrofenges
Sira tanager, Tangara phillipsi (E)
Green-capped tanager, Tangara meyerdeschauenseei
Burnished-buff tanager, Tangara cayana
Masked tanager, Tangara nigrocincta
Blue-necked tanager, Tangara cyanicollis
Dotted tanager, Tangara varia
Yellow-bellied tanager, Tangara xanthogastra
Spotted tanager, Tangara punctata
Blue-and-black tanager, Tangara vassorii
Beryl-spangled tanager, Tangara nigroviridis
Metallic-green tanager, Tangara labradorides
Blue-browed tanager, Tangara cyanotis
Turquoise tanager, Tangara mexicana
Paradise tanager, Tangara chilensis
Opal-rumped tanager, Tangara velia
Opal-crowned tanager, Tangara callophrys
Bay-headed tanager, Tangara gyrola
Golden-eared tanager, Tangara chrysotis
Saffron-crowned tanager, Tangara xanthocephala
Flame-faced tanager, Tangara parzudakii
Green-and-gold tanager, Tangara schrankii
Golden tanager, Tangara arthus
Silver-throated tanager, Tangara icterocephala
Swallow tanager, Tersina viridis
White-bellied dacnis, Dacnis albiventris
Black-faced dacnis, Dacnis lineata
Yellow-bellied dacnis, Dacnis flaviventer
Blue dacnis, Dacnis cayana
Short-billed honeycreeper, Cyanerpes nitidus
Purple honeycreeper, Cyanerpes caeruleus
Red-legged honeycreeper, Cyanerpes cyaneus
Green honeycreeper, Chlorophanes spiza
Golden-collared honeycreeper, Iridophanes pulcherrimus
Guira tanager, Hemithraupis guira
Yellow-backed tanager, Hemithraupis flavicollis
Chestnut-vented conebill, Conirostrum speciosum
Bicolored conebill, Conirostrum bicolor
Pearly-breasted conebill, Conirostrum margaritae
Cinereous conebill, Conirostrum cinereum
Blue-backed conebill, Conirostrum sitticolor
Capped conebill, Conirostrum albifrons
Tamarugo conebill, Conirostrum tamarugense
White-browed conebill, Conirostrum ferrugineiventre
Giant conebill, Oreomanes fraseri
Tit-like dacnis, Xenodacnis parina
Glossy flowerpiercer, Diglossa lafresnayii
Moustached flowerpiercer, Diglossa mystacalis
Black flowerpiercer, Diglossa humeralis
Black-throated flowerpiercer, Diglossa brunneiventris
White-sided flowerpiercer, Diglossa albilatera
Rusty flowerpiercer, Diglossa sittoides
Deep-blue flowerpiercer, Diglossa glauca
Bluish flowerpiercer, Diglossa caerulescens
Masked flowerpiercer, Diglossa cyanea
Plushcap, Catamblyrhynchus diadema
Black-hooded sierra-finch, Phrygilus atriceps
Peruvian sierra-finch, Phrygilus punensis
Mourning sierra-finch, Phrygilus fruticeti
Plumbeous sierra-finch, Phrygilus unicolor
White-throated sierra-finch, Phrygilus erythronotus
Ash-breasted sierra-finch, Phrygilus plebejus
Band-tailed sierra-finch, Phrygilus alaudinus
Short-tailed finch, Idiopsar brachyurus
White-winged diuca-finch, Diuca speculifera
Slaty finch, Haplospiza rustica
Cinereous finch, Piezorina cinerea (E)
Slender-billed finch, Xenospingus concolor
Great Inca-finch, Incaspiza pulchra (E)
Rufous-backed Inca-finch, Incaspiza personata (E)
Gray-winged Inca-finch, Incaspiza ortizi (E)
Buff-bridled Inca-finch, Incaspiza laeta (E)
Little Inca-finch, Incaspiza watkinsi (E)
Plain-tailed warbling-finch, Poospiza alticola (E)
Rufous-breasted warbling-finch, Poospiza rubecula (E)
Chestnut-breasted mountain-finch, Poospiza caesar (E)
Collared warbling-finch, Poospiza hispaniolensis
Stripe-tailed yellow-finch, Sicalis citrina
Puna yellow-finch, Sicalis lutea
Bright-rumped yellow-finch, Sicalis uropygialis
Greenish yellow-finch, Sicalis olivascens
Saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola
Grassland yellow-finch, Sicalis luteola
Raimondi's yellow-finch, Sicalis raimondii (E)
Sulphur-throated finch, Sicalis taczanowskii
Wedge-tailed grass-finch, Emberizoides herbicola
Blue-black grassquit, Volatinia jacarina
Lesson's seedeater, Sporophila bouvronides
Lined seedeater, Sporophila lineola
White-bellied seedeater, Sporophila leucoptera (H)
Parrot-billed seedeater, Sporophila peruviana
Chestnut-throated seedeater, Sporophila telasco
Drab seedeater, Sporophila simplex
Chestnut-bellied seedeater, Sporophila castaneiventris
Tawny-bellied seedeater, Sporophila hypoxantha (H)
Dark-throated seedeater, Sporophila ruficollis (H)
Chestnut-bellied seed-finch, Sporophila angolensis
Large-billed seed-finch, Sporophila crassirostris
Black-billed seed-finch, Sporophila atrirostris
Variable seedeater, Sporophila corvina
Caqueta seedeater, Sporophila murallae
Black-and-white seedeater, Sporophila luctuosa
Yellow-bellied seedeater, Sporophila nigricollis
Double-collared seedeater, Sporophila caerulescens
Slate-colored seedeater, Sporophila schistacea
Plumbeous seedeater, Sporophila plumbea
Band-tailed seedeater, Catamenia analis
Plain-colored seedeater, Catamenia inornata
Paramo seedeater, Catamenia homochroa
Black-masked finch, Coryphaspiza melanotis
Red-crested finch, Coryphospingus cucullatus
Crimson-breasted finch, Rhodospingus cruentus
Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola
Dull-colored grassquit, Tiaris obscurus
Yellow-shouldered grosbeak, Parkerthraustes humeralis
Buff-throated saltator, Saltator maximus
Grayish saltator, Saltator coerulescens
Streaked saltator, Saltator striatipectus
Black-cowled saltator, Saltator nigriceps
Golden-billed saltator, Saltator aurantiirostris
Masked saltator, Saltator cinctus
Slate-colored grosbeak, Saltator grossus
Buntings and New World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.Thirty species have been recorded in Peru.
Yellow-throated chlorospingus, Chlorospingus flavigularis
Short-billed chlorospingus, Chlorospingus parvirostris
Ashy-throated chlorospingus, Chlorospingus canigularis
Common chlorospingus, Chlorospingus flavopectus
Tumbes sparrow, Aimophila stolzmanni
Grassland sparrow, Ammodramus humeralis
Yellow-browed sparrow, Ammodramus aurifrons
Black-striped sparrow, Arremonops conirostris (H)
Gray-browed brushfinch, Arremon assimilis
White-browed brushfinch, Arremon torquatus
Orange-billed sparrow, Arremon aurantiirostris
Black-capped sparrow, Arremon abeillei
Pectoral sparrow, Arremon taciturnus
Chestnut-capped brushfinch, Arremon brunneinucha
Olive finch, Arremon castaneiceps
Rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis
White-headed brushfinch, Atlapetes albiceps
Rufous-eared brushfinch, Atlapetes rufigenis (E)
Tricolored brushfinch, Atlapetes tricolor
Slaty brushfinch, Atlapetes schistaceus
Pale-naped brushfinch, Atlapetes pallidinucha
Yellow-breasted brushfinch, Atlapetes latinuchus
White-winged brushfinch, Atlapetes leucopterus
Bay-crowned brushfinch, Atlapetes seebohmi
Rusty-bellied brushfinch, Atlapetes nationi (E)
Apurimac brushfinch, Atlapetes forbesi (E)
Black-spectacled brushfinch, Atlapetes melanopsis (E)
Vilcabamba brushfinch, Atlapetes terborghi (E)
Cuzco brushfinch, Atlapetes canigenis (E)
Black-faced brushfinch, Atlapetes melanolaimus+
Cardinals and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. Twelve species have been recorded in Peru.
Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava
Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
White-winged tanager, Piranga leucoptera
Red-hooded tanager, Piranga rubriceps
Red-crowned ant-tanager, Habia rubica
Carmiol's tanager, Chlorothraupis carmioli
Golden grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysogaster
Black-backed grosbeak, Pheucticus aureoventris
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
Blue seedeater, Amaurospiza concolor
Blue-black grosbeak, Cyanocompsa cyanoides
Troupials and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Thirty-four species have been recorded in Peru.
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Red-breasted meadowlark, Sturnella militaris
White-browed meadowlark, Sturnella superciliaris
Peruvian meadowlark, Sturnella bellicosa
Scrub blackbird, Dives warczewiczi
Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus
Oriole blackbird, Gymnomystax mexicanus
Velvet-fronted grackle, Lampropsar tanagrinus
Chopi blackbird, Gnorimopsar chopi
Pale-eyed blackbird, Agelasticus xanthophthalmus
Unicolored blackbird, Agelasticus cyanopus (A)
Yellow-winged blackbird, Agelasticus thilius
Yellow-hooded blackbird, Chrysomus icterocephalus
Shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis
Giant cowbird, Molothrus oryzivorus
White-edged oriole, Icterus graceannae
Yellow-tailed oriole, Icterus mesomelas
Epaulet oriole, Icterus cayanensis
Orange-backed troupial, Icterus croconotus
Yellow-billed cacique, Amblycercus holosericeus
Solitary black cacique, Cacicus solitarius
Ecuadorian cacique, Cacicus sclateri
Selva cacique, Cacicus koepckeae (E)
Scarlet-rumped cacique, Cacicus uropygialis
Yellow-rumped cacique, Cacicus cela
Mountain cacique, Cacicus chrysonotus
Band-tailed cacique, Cacicus latirostris
Red-rumped cacique, Cacicus haemorrhous
Casqued cacique, Cacicus oseryi
Russet-backed oropendola, Psarocolius angustifrons
Dusky-green oropendola, Psarocolius atrovirens
Green oropendola, Psarocolius viridis
Crested oropendola, Psarocolius decumanus
Olive oropendola, Psarocolius bifasciatus
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. Twenty species have been recorded in Peru.
Plumbeous euphonia, Euphonia plumbea
Purple-throated euphonia, Euphonia chlorotica
Orange-crowned euphonia, Euphonia saturata
Thick-billed euphonia, Euphonia laniirostris
Golden-rumped euphonia, Euphonia cyanocephala
Golden-bellied euphonia, Euphonia chrysopasta
Bronze-green euphonia, Euphonia mesochrysa
White-vented euphonia, Euphonia minuta
Orange-bellied euphonia, Euphonia xanthogaster
Rufous-bellied euphonia, Euphonia rufiventris
Blue-naped chlorophonia, Chlorophonia cyanea
Chestnut-breasted chlorophonia, Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys
Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
Yellow-bellied siskin, Spinus xanthogastrus
Thick-billed siskin, Spinus crassirostris
Hooded siskin, Spinus magellanicus
Saffron siskin, Spinus siemiradzkii
Olivaceous siskin, Spinus olivaceus
Black siskin, Spinus atratus
Yellow-rumped siskin, Spinus uropygialis
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. One species has been recorded in Peru.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
