Order: Tinamiformes Family: Tinamidae
The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emus, and kiwis.
Great tinamou, Tinamus major (near-threatened)
Little tinamou, Crypturellus soui
Slaty-breasted tinamou, Crypturellus boucardi
Thicket tinamou, Crypturellus cinnamomeus
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis
Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata
American wigeon, Anas americana
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (A)
Blue-winged teal, Anas discors
Cinnamon teal, Anas cyanoptera
Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata
Northern pintail, Anas acuta
Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
Redhead, Aythya americana (A)
Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
Greater scaup, Aythya marila (A)
Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
Masked duck, Nomonyx dominicus
Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis (A)
Guans, chachalacas, and curassows
Order: Galliformes Family: Cracidae
The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
Plain chachalaca, Ortalis vetula
Gray-headed chachalaca, Ortalis cinereiceps
White-bellied chachalaca, Ortalis leucogastra
Crested guan, Penelope purpurascens
Highland guan, Penelopina nigra (vulnerable)
Great curassow, Crax rubra (vulnerable)
Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Buffy-crowned wood-partridge, Dendrortyx leucophrys
Black-throated bobwhite, Colinus nigrogularis
Crested bobwhite, Colinus cristatus
Black-eared wood-quail, Odontophorus melanotis
Rufous-fronted wood-quail, Odontophorus erythrops
Spotted wood-quail, Odontophorus guttatus
Montezuma quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae
Ocellated quail, Cyrtonyx ocellatus (vulnerable)
Tawny-faced quail, Rhynchortyx cinctus
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata
Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (vulnerable)
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (vulnerable)
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea (near-threatened)
Galapagos shearwater, Puffinus subalaris (A)
Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
Leach's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa
Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, Oceanodroma tethys (A)
Black storm-petrel, Oceanodroma melania
Markham's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma markhami
Least storm-petrel, Oceanodroma microsoma
Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria
Wood stork, Mycteria americana
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
Nazca booby, Sula granti
Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Red-footed booby, Sula sula
Cormorants and shags
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colorful.
Neotropic cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The anhingas have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
Pinnated bittern, Botaurus pinnatus
American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
Rufescent tiger-heron, Tigrisoma lineatum
Bare-throated tiger-heron, Tigrisoma mexicanum
Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
Great egret, Ardea alba
Snowy egret, Egretta thula
Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (near-threatened)
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Green heron, Butorides virescens
Striated heron, Butorides striata
Agami heron, Agamia agami (vulnerable)
Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea
Boat-billed heron, Cochlearius cochlearius
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
White ibis, Eudocimus albus
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (A)
Green Ibis, Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.
Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura
Lesser yellow-headed vulture, Cathartes burrovianus
King vulture, Sarcoramphus papa
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Pearl kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii
White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus
Hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus
Gray-headed kite, Leptodon cayanensis
Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus
Crested eagle, Morphnus guianensis (near-threatened)
Harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (near-threatened)
Black hawk-eagle, Spizaetus tyrannus
Ornate hawk-eagle, Spizaetus ornatus (near-threatened)
Black-and-white hawk-eagle, Spizaetus melanoleucus
Black-collared hawk, Busarellus nigricollis
Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis
Double-toothed kite, Harpagus bidentatus
Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis
Plumbeous kite, Ictinia plumbea
Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus
Tiny hawk, Accipiter superciliosus
Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
Bicolored hawk, Accipiter bicolor
Crane hawk, Geranospiza caerulescens
Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus
Savanna hawk, Buteogallus meridionalis (A)
Great black hawk, Buteogallus urubitinga
Solitary eagle, Buteogallus solitarius (near-threatened)
Barred hawk, Morphnarchus princeps
Roadside hawk, Rupornis magnirostris
Harris's hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus
White-tailed hawk, Geranoaetus albicaudatus
White hawk, Pseudastur albicollis
Semiplumbeous hawk, Leucopternis semiplumbeus
Gray hawk, Buteo plagiatus
Gray-lined hawk, Buteo nitidus
Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus
Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus
Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
Order: Gruiformes Family: Eurypygidae
The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.
Sunbittern, Eurypyga helias
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Yellow-breasted crake, Hapalocrex flaviventer
Ruddy crake, Laterallus ruber
White-throated crake, Laterallus albigularis
Gray-breasted crake, Laterallus exilis
Mangrove rail, Rallus longirostris
Rufous-necked wood-rail, Aramides axillaris
Russet-naped wood-rail, Aramides albiventris
Uniform crake, Amaurolimnas concolor
Sora, Porzana carolina
Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
American coot, Fulica americana
Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica
Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Double-striped thick-knee, Burhinus bistriatus
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
American avocet, Recurvirostra americana
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus
Plovers and lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis (A)
Collared plover, Charadrius collaris
Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (near-threatened)
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
Piping plover, Charadrius melodus (near-threatened)
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Northern jacana, Jacana spinosa
Wattled jacana, Jacana jacana (A)
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus
Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Red knot, Calidris canutus (near-threatened)
Surfbird, Calidris virgata
Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Dunlin, Calidris alpina
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (near-threatened)
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla (near-threatened)
Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius
Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
Willet, Tringa semipalmata
Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
Skuas and jaegers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
California gull, Larus californicus (A)
Herring gull, Larus argentatus
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (A)
Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (A)
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscata
Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
Least tern, Sternula antillarum
Large-billed tern, Phaetusa simplex (A)
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
Black tern, Chlidonias niger
Roseate Tern, Sterna dougallii
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
Royal tern, Thalasseus maxima
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans (near-threatened)
Black skimmer, Rynchops niger
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
Pale-vented pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Scaled pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa
White-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala (near-threatened)
Red-billed pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris
Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
Short-billed pigeon, Patagioenas nigrirostris
Inca dove, Columbina inca
Common ground-dove, Columbina passerina
Plain-breasted ground-dove, Columbina minuta
Ruddy ground-dove, Columbina talpacoti
Blue ground-dove, Claravis pretiosa
Maroon-chested ground-dove, Claravis mondetoura
Ruddy quail-dove, Geotrygon montana
Violaceous quail-dove, Geotrygon violacea
Olive-backed quail-dove, Leptotrygon veraguensis
White-tipped dove, Leptotila verreauxi
Gray-chested dove, Leptotila cassinii
Gray-headed dove, Leptotila plumbeiceps
White-faced quail-dove, Zentrygon albifacies
White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia
Pheasant cuckoo, Dromococcyx phasianellus
Lesser ground-cuckoo, Morococcyx erythropygus
Lesser roadrunner, Geococcyx velox
Rufous-vented ground-cuckoo, Neomorphus geoffroyi
Squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Pacific screech-owl, Megascops cooperi
Whiskered screech-owl, Megascops trichopsis
Vermiculated screech-owl, Megascops guatemalae
Crested owl, Lophostrix cristata
Spectacled owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
Northern pygmy-owl, Glaucidium gnoma
Central American pygmy-owl, Glaucidium griseiceps
Ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
Mottled owl, Ciccaba virgata
Black-and-white owl, Ciccaba nigrolineata
Stygian owl, Asio stygius
Striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator
Nightjars and allies
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
Short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus
Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis
Spot-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis maculicaudus
Ocellated poorwill, Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis
Rufous nightjar, Antrostomus rufus
Tawny-collared nightjar, Antrostomus salvini (A)
Yucatan nightjar, Antrostomus badius (A)
Buff-collared nightjar, Antrostomus ridgwayi
Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Nyctibiidae
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
Great potoo, Nyctibius grandis
Common potoo, Nyctibius griseus
Northern potoo, Nyctibius jamaicensis
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Black swift, Cypseloides niger
White-chinned swift, Cypseloides cryptus
Chestnut-collared swift, Streptoprocne rutila
White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (near-threatened)
Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi
Gray-rumped swift, Chaetura cinereiventris
Lesser swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila cayennensis
Great swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila sanctihieronymi (A)
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
White-necked jacobin, Florisuga mellivora
Bronzy hermit, Glaucis aeneus
Band-tailed barbthroat, Threnetes ruckeri
Long-billed hermit, Phaethornis longirostris
Stripe-throated hermit, Phaethornis striigularis
Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae
Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus
Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti
Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii
Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis (A)
Black-crested coquette, Lophornis helenae
Magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens
Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris
Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii
Green-breasted mountain-gem, Lampornis sybillae
Purple-throated mountain-gem, Lampornis calolaemus
Sparkling-tailed hummingbird, Tilmatura dupontii
Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
Canivet's emerald, Chlorostilbon canivetii
Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti
Emerald-chinned hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei
Scaly-breasted hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii
Violet sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus
Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia
Crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica
Stripe-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia
Coppery-headed emerald, Elvira cupreiceps (A)
Snowcap, Microchera albocoronata
White-bellied emerald, Amazilia candida
Blue-chested hummingbird, Amazilia amabilis
Azure-crowned hummingbird, Amazilia cyanocephala
Blue-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia cyanura
Steely-vented hummingbird, Amazilia saucerottei
Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl
Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila
Blue-throated goldentail, Hylocharis eliciae
White-eared hummingbird, Hylocharis leucotis
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumages.
Resplendent quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno (near-threatened)
Lattice-tailed trogon, Trogon clathratus
Slaty-tailed trogon, Trogon massena
Black-headed trogon, Trogon melanocephalus
Gartered trogon, Trogon caligatus
Black-throated trogon, Trogon rufus
Elegant trogon, Trogon elegans
Collared trogon, Trogon collaris
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Momotidae
The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.
Tody motmot, Hylomanes momotula
Lesson's motmot, Momotus lessonii
Rufous motmot, Baryphthengus martii
Keel-billed motmot, Electron carinatum (vulnerable)
Broad-billed motmot, Electron platyrhynchum
Turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquatus
Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon
Amazon kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona
Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana
Green-and-rufous kingfisher, Chloroceryle inda
American pygmy kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
Order: Galbuliformes Family: Bucconidae
The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.
White-necked puffbird, Notharchus hyperrhynchus
Pied puffbird, Notharchus tectus
White-whiskered puffbird, Malacoptila panamensis
White-fronted nunbird, Monasa morphoeus
Order: Galbuliformes Family: Galbulidae
The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.
Rufous-tailed jacamar, Galbula ruficauda
Great jacamar, Jacamerops aureus
Order: Piciformes Family: Ramphastidae
Toucans are near-passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.
Emerald toucanet, Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Collared aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus
Yellow-eared toucanet, Selenidera spectabilis
Yellow-throated toucan, Ramphastos ambiguus (near-threatened)
Keel-billed toucan, Ramphastos sulfuratus
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Olivaceous piculet, Picumnus olivaceus
Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
Black-cheeked woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani
Yucatan woodpecker, Melanerpes pygmaeus
Hoffmann's woodpecker, Melanerpes hoffmannii
Golden-fronted woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons
Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
Ladder-backed woodpecker, Picoides scalaris
Smoky-brown woodpecker, Picoides fumigatus
Hairy woodpecker, Picoides villosus
Rufous-winged woodpecker, Piculus simplex
Golden-olive woodpecker, Piculus rubiginosus
Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
Cinnamon woodpecker, Celeus loricatus (A)
Chestnut-colored woodpecker, Celeus castaneus
Lineated woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
Pale-billed woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Barred forest-falcon, Micrastur ruficollis
Slaty-backed forest-falcon, Micrastur mirandollei (A)
Collared forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus
Red-throated caracara, Ibycter americanus
Crested caracara, Caracara cheriway
Yellow-headed caracara, Milvago chimachima (A)
Laughing falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans
American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis
Bat falcon, Falco rufigularis
Orange-breasted falcon, Falco deiroleucus (near-threatened)
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
New World and African parrots
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Barred parakeet, Bolborhynchus lineola
Orange-chinned parakeet, Brotogeris jugularis
Brown-hooded parrot, Pionopsitta haematotis
Blue-headed parrot, Pionus menstruus
White-crowned parrot, Pionus senilis
Red-lored parrot, Amazona autumnalis
Yellow-naped parrot, Amazona auropalliata (vulnerable)
Yellow-headed parrot, Amazona oratrix (endangered)
White-fronted parrot, Amazona albifrons
Mealy parrot, Amazona farinosa
Olive-throated parakeet, Eupsittula nana
Orange-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula canicularis
Great green macaw, Ara ambigua (endangered)
Scarlet macaw, Ara macao
Green parakeet, Psittacara rubritorquis
Pacific parakeet, Psittacara strenuus
Crimson-fronted parakeet, Psittacara finschi
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thamnophilidae
The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.
Fasciated antshrike, Cymbilaimus lineatus
Great antshrike, Taraba major
Barred antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus
Black-crowned antshrike, Thamnophilus atrinucha
Russet antshrike, Thamnistes anabatinus
Plain antvireo, Dysithamnus mentalis
Streak-crowned antvireo, Dysithamnus striaticeps
Checker-throated antwren, Myrmotherula fulviventris
White-flanked antwren, Myrmotherula axillaris
Slaty antwren, Myrmotherula schisticolor
Dot-winged antwren, Microrhopias quixensis
Dusky antbird, Cercomacroides tyrannina
Bare-crowned antbird, Gymnocichla nudiceps
Chestnut-backed antbird, Myrmeciza exsul
Zeledon's antbird, Myrmeciza zeledoni
Wing-banded antbird, Myrmornis torquata (near-threatened)
Bicolored antbird, Gymnopithys bicolor
White-cheeked antbird, Gymnopithys leucaspis
Spotted antbird, Hylophylax naevioides
Ocellated antbird, Phaenostictus mcleannani
Order: Passeriformes Family: Grallariidae
Scaled antpitta, Grallaria guatimalensis
Streak-chested antpitta, Hylopezus perspicillatus
Thicket antpitta, Hylopezus dives
Order: Passeriformes Family: Formicariidae
Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails and stout bills.
Black-faced antthrush, Formicarius analis
Ovenbirds and woodcreepers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Furnariidae
Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.
Tawny-throated leaftosser, Sclerurus mexicanus
Scaly-throated leaftosser, Sclerurus guatemalensis
Olivaceous woodcreeper, Sittasomus griseicapillus
Long-tailed woodcreeper, Deconychura longicauda (near-threatened)
Ruddy woodcreeper, Dendrocincla homochroa
Tawny-winged woodcreeper, Dendrocincla anabatina
Plain-brown woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Wedge-billed woodcreeper, Glyphorynchus spirurus
Northern barred-woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae
Black-banded woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes picumnus
Strong-billed woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
Cocoa woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus susurrans
Ivory-billed woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus flavigaster
Black-striped woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus
Spotted woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
Brown-billed scythebill, Campylorhamphus pusillus
Streak-headed woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Spot-crowned woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes affinis
Plain xenops, Xenops minutus
Streaked xenops, Xenops rutilans
Buff-fronted foliage-gleaner, Philydor rufum
Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, Anabacerthia variegaticeps
Ruddy foliage-gleaner, Clibanornis rubiginosus
Buff-throated foliage-gleaner, Automolus ochrolaemus
Striped woodhaunter, Automolus subulatus
Slaty spinetail, Synallaxis brachyura
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Yellow-bellied tyrannulet, Ornithion semiflavum
Northern beardless-tyrannulet, Camptostoma imberbe
Yellow tyrannulet, Capsiempis flaveola
Greenish elaenia, Myiopagis viridicata
Yellow-bellied elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster
Mountain elaenia, Elaenia frantzii
Ochre-bellied flycatcher, Mionectes oleagineus
Sepia-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Paltry tyrannulet, Zimmerius vilissimus
Black-capped pygmy-tyrant, Myiornis atricapillus
Scale-crested pygmy-tyrant, Lophotriccus pileatus (A)
Northern bentbill, Oncostoma cinereigulare
Slate-headed tody-tyrant, Poecilotriccus sylvia
Common tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum
Black-headed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum nigriceps (A)
Eye-ringed flatbill, Rhynchocyclus brevirostris
Yellow-olive flycatcher, Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Yellow-margined flycatcher, Tolmomyias assimilis (A)
Stub-tailed spadebill, Platyrinchus cancrominus
White-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus mystaceus (A)
Golden-crowned spadebill, Platyrinchus coronatus
Royal flycatcher, Onychorhynchus mexicanus
Ruddy-tailed flycatcher, Terenotriccus erythrurus
Tawny-breasted flycatcher, Myiobius villosus
Sulphur-rumped flycatcher, Myiobius sulphureipygius
Tawny-chested flycatcher, Aphanotriccus capitalis (vulnerable)
Tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes phaeocercus
Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi (near-threatened)
Greater pewee, Contopus pertinax
Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus
Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
Tropical pewee, Contopus cinereus
Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris
Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens
Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum
Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
White-throated flycatcher, Empidonax albigularis
Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii
Yellowish flycatcher, Empidonax flavescens
Buff-breasted flycatcher, Empidonax fulvifrons (A)
Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans
Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus
Long-tailed tyrant, Colonia colonus
Bright-rumped attila, Attila spadiceus
Rufous mourner, Rhytipterna holerythra
Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer
Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens (A)
Nutting's flycatcher, Myiarchus nuttingi
Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus
Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus
Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed flycatcher, Megarynchus pitangua
Social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis
Gray-capped flycatcher, Myiozetetes granadensis
White-ringed flycatcher, Conopias albovittatus
Streaked flycatcher, Myiodynastes maculatus
Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynastes luteiventris
Piratic flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius
Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans (A)
Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis (A)
Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus
Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cotingidae
The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.
Purple-throated fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
Bare-necked umbrellabird, Cephalopterus glabricollis (endangered)
Lovely cotinga, Cotinga amabilis
Rufous piha, Lipaugus unirufus
Three-wattled bellbird, Procnias tricarunculata
Snowy cotinga, Carpodectes nitidus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pipridae
The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central American, South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.
Long-tailed manakin, Chiroxiphia linearis
White-ruffed manakin, Corapipo altera
Blue-crowned manakin, Lepidothrix coronata
White-collared manakin, Manacus candei
Red-capped manakin, Pipra mentalis
Gray-headed piprites, Piprites griseiceps
Tityras and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tityridae
Black-crowned tityra, Tityra inquisitor
Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata
Northern schiffornis, Schiffornis veraepacis
Speckled mourner, Laniocera rufescens
Cinnamon becard, Pachyramphus cinnamomeus
White-winged becard, Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-and-white becard, Pachyramphus albogriseus
Gray-collared becard, Pachyramphus major
Rose-throated becard, Pachyramphus aglaiae
Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Rufous-browed peppershrike, Cyclarhis gujanensis
Scrub greenlet, Hylophilus flavipes
Green shrike-vireo, Vireolanius pulchellus
Tawny-crowned greenlet, Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
Lesser greenlet, Pachysylvia decurtata
White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
Mangrove vireo, Vireo pallens
Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii (A)(near-threatened)
Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
Plumbeous vireo, Vireo plumbeus
Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
Brown-capped vireo, Vireo leucophrys (A)
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Azure-hooded jay, Cyanolyca cucullata
White-throated magpie-jay, Calocitta formosa
Brown jay, Psilorhinus morio
Green jay, Cyanocorax yncas
Bushy-crested jay, Cyanocorax melanocyaneus
Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
Unicolored jay, Aphelocoma unicolor (A)
Common raven, Corvus corax
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Blue-and-white swallow, Notiochelidon cyanoleuca (A)
Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Southern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Purple martin, Progne subis
Sinaloa martin, Progne sinaloae (A)(vulnerable)
Gray-breasted martin, Progne chalybea
Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
Mangrove swallow, Tachycineta albilinea
Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina (A)
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva (A)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
Brown creeper, Certhia americana
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus
Nightingale wren, Microcerculus philomela
Scaly-breasted wren, Microcerculus marginatus
House wren, Troglodytes aedon
Rufous-browed wren, Troglodytes rufociliatus
Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis
Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus
Band-backed wren, Campylorhynchus zonatus
Rufous-naped wren, Campylorhynchus rufinucha
Spot-breasted wren, Pheugopedius maculipectus
Black-throated wren, Pheugopedius atrogularis
Banded wren, Thryophilus pleurostictus
Rufous-and-white wren, Thryophilus rufalbus
Stripe-breasted wren, Cantorchilus thoracicus
Cabanis's wren, Cantorchilus modestus
Canebrake wren, Cantorchilus zeledoni
Bay wren, Cantorchilus nigricapillus
White-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucosticta
Gray-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucophrys
Song wren, Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub which nest in bushes or trees.
Tawny-faced gnatwren, Microbates cinereiventris
Long-billed gnatwren, Ramphocaenus melanurus
Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea
White-lored gnatcatcher, Polioptila albiloris
Tropical gnatcatcher, Polioptila plumbea
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
Slate-colored solitaire, Myadestes unicolor
Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, Catharus aurantiirostris
Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush, Catharus frantzii
Black-headed nightingale-thrush, Catharus mexicanus
Spotted nightingale-thrush, Catharus dryas
Veery, Catharus fuscescens
Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina
Black thrush, Turdus infuscatus (A)
Mountain thrush, Turdus plebejus
Clay-colored thrush, Turdus grayi
White-throated thrush, Turdus assimilis
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.
Blue-and-white mockingbird, Melanotis hypoleucus
Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
Tropical mockingbird, Mimus gilvus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum
Order: Passeriformes Family: Peucedramidae
The olive warbler is a small passerine bird, the only member of the family Peucedramidae. It is a long-winged bird with a gray body and wings with some olive-green and two white bars. The male's head and breast are orange, the female's yellow.
Olive warbler, Peucedramus taeniatus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum
Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (near-threatened)
Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera
Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
Crescent-chested warbler, Oreothlypis superciliosa
Tennessee warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina
Nashville warbler, Oreothlypis ruficapilla (A)
Gray-crowned yellowthroat, Geothlypis poliocephala
MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei
Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia
Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa
Olive-crowned yellowthroat, Geothlypis semiflava
Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea (vulnerable)
Northern parula, Setophaga americana
Tropical parula, Setophaga pitiayumi
Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata (A)
Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica
Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor
Grace's warbler, Setophaga graciae
Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi
Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis
Golden-cheeked warbler, Setophaga chrysoparia (endangered)
Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
Fan-tailed warbler, Basileuterus lachrymosus
Rufous-capped warbler, Basileuterus rufifrons
Golden-crowned warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus
Buff-rumped warbler, Myiothlypis fulvicauda
Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
Painted redstart, Myioborus pictus
Slate-throated redstart, Myioborus miniatus*Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens
Tanagers and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.
Gray-headed tanager, Eucometis penicillata
White-shouldered tanager, Tachyphonus luctuosus
Tawny-crested tanager, Tachyphonus delatrii
White-lined tanager, Tachyphonus rufus (A)
White-throated shrike-tanager, Lanio leucothorax
Crimson-collared tanager, Ramphocelus sanguinolentus
Passerini's tanager, Ramphocelus passerinii
Blue-gray tanager, Thraupis episcopus
Yellow-winged tanager, Thraupis abbas
Palm tanager, Thraupis palmarum
Golden-hooded tanager, Tangara larvata
Plain-colored tanager, Tangara inornata (A)
Rufous-winged tanager, Tangara lavinia
Bay-headed tanager, Tangara gyrola
Scarlet-thighed dacnis, Dacnis venusta (A)
Blue dacnis, Dacnis cayana
Shining honeycreeper, Cyanerpes lucidus
Red-legged honeycreeper, Cyanerpes cyaneus
Green honeycreeper, Chlorophanes spiza
Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer, Diglossa baritula
Slaty finch, Haplospiza rustica
Grassland yellow-finch, Sicalis luteola
Blue-black grassquit, Volatinia jacarina
Ruddy-breasted seedeater, Sporophila minuta
Thick-billed seed-finch, Sporophila funerea
Nicaraguan seed-finch, Sporophila nuttingi
Variable seedeater, Sporophila corvina
White-collared seedeater, Sporophila torqueola
Yellow-bellied seedeater, Sporophila nigricollis
Slate-colored seedeater, Sporophila schistacea
Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola
Yellow-faced grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus
Dusky-faced tanager, Mitrospingus cassinii (A)
Buff-throated saltator, Saltator maximus
Black-headed saltator, Saltator atriceps
Grayish saltator, Saltator coerulescens
Slate-colored grosbeak, Saltator grossus
Buntings and New World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
Common chlorospingus, Chlorospingus flavopectus
Stripe-headed sparrow, Peucaea ruficauda
Botteri's sparrow, Peucaea botterii
Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
Olive sparrow, Arremonops rufivirgatus
Black-striped sparrow, Arremonops conirostris
Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
Orange-billed sparrow, Arremon aurantiirostris
Chestnut-capped brushfinch, Arremon brunneinucha
Rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis
Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
White-eared ground-sparrow, Melozone leucotis
Prevost's ground-sparrow, Melozone biarcuatum
Rusty sparrow, Aimophila rufescens
White-naped brushfinch, Atlapetes albinucha
Cardinals and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava
Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
Flame-colored tanager, Piranga bidentata
White-winged tanager, Piranga leucoptera
Red-crowned ant-tanager, Habia rubica
Red-throated ant-tanager, Habia fuscicauda
Carmiol's tanager, Chlorothraupis carmioli
Black-faced grosbeak, Caryothraustes poliogaster
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
Blue seedeater, Amaurospiza concolor
Blue-black grosbeak, Cyanocompsa cyanoides
Blue bunting, Cyanocompsa parellina
Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
Painted bunting, Passerina ciris (near-threatened)
Dickcissel, Spiza americana
Troupials and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A)
Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna
Red-breasted meadowlark, Sturnella militaris (A)
Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (A)
Melodious blackbird, Dives dives
Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus
Nicaraguan grackle, Quiscalus nicaraguensis
Bronzed cowbird, Molothrus aeneus
Giant cowbird, Molothrus oryzivorus
Black-vented oriole, Icterus wagleri
Black-cowled oriole, Icterus prosthemelas
Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius
Yellow-backed oriole, Icterus chrysater
Yellow-tailed oriole, Icterus mesomelas
Streak-backed oriole, Icterus pustulatus
Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii
Spot-breasted oriole, Icterus pectoralis
Altamira oriole, Icterus gularis
Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula
Yellow-billed cacique, Amblycercus holosericeus
Scarlet-rumped cacique, Cacicus uropygialis
Chestnut-headed oropendola, Psarocolius wagleri
Montezuma oropendola, Gymnostinops montezuma
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical, and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Scrub euphonia, Euphonia affinis
Yellow-crowned euphonia, Euphonia luteicapilla
Yellow-throated euphonia, Euphonia hirundinacea
Elegant euphonia, Euphonia elegantissima
Olive-backed euphonia, Euphonia gouldi
White-vented euphonia, Euphonia minuta
Blue-crowned chlorophonia, Chlorophonia occipitalis
Golden-browed chlorophonia, Chlorophonia callophrys
Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
Black-headed siskin, Spinus notata
Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
Waxbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
Tricolored Munia, Lonchura malacca (I)
