Ducks, geese and swans
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
Mute swan, Cygnus olor AV
Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus AV
Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus (Bewick's) AV
Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons WV
Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus AV vulnerable
Greylag goose, Anser anser WV
Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis AV endangered
Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus AV
Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea WV PM
Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna WV PM
Eurasian wigeon, Anas penelope WV PM
Gadwall, Anas strepera WV PM
Common teal, Anas crecca WV PM
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos WV PM RB
Northern pintail, Anas acute WV PM
Garganey, Anas querquedula PM FB
Northern shoveller, Anas clypeata WV PM FB
Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris FB AV vulnerable
Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina WV MB
Common pochard, Aythya ferina WV PM
Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca WV PM MB vulnerable
Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula WV PM
Greater scaup, Aythya marila AV
Black scoter, Melanitta nigra AV
Eurasian goldeneye, Bucephala clangula AV
Smew, Mergellus albellus AV
Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator AV
Goosander, Mergus merganser AV
White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala WV endangered
Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata IN
Partridges, grouse, turkeys and Old World quail
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
Island Chukar, Alectoris chukar cypriotes RB
Black francolin, Francolinus francolinus RB
Common quail, Coturnix coturnix PM WV MB
Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus IN
Helmeted guinea fowl, Numida meleagris IN
Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely grey or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
Black-throated diver, Gavia arctica AV
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis WV PM RB
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena AV
Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus WV PM OB
Slavonian grebe, Podiceps auritus AV vulnerable
Black-necked grebe, Podiceps nigricollis WV OB PM
Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually 3ÔÇô5 feet in height, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roses WV PM
Lesser flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor AV
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum, and a long outer functional primary.
Scopoli's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea PM
Yelkouan shearwater, Puffinus yelkouan PM
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The storm petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
European storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus AV
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Northern gannet, Morus bassanus AV
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the Pelecaniformes order
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo WV PM
European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis RB
Pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus AV near threatened
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus PM
Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus AV vulnerable
Bitterns, herons and egrets
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Grey heron, Ardea cinerea PM WV OB
Purple heron, Ardea purpurea PM
Great egret, Ardea alba PM WV
Little egret, Egretta garzetta PM WV MB
Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides PM OB
Striated heron, Butorides striata AV
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis PM WV MB
Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax PM OB
Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus PM OB
Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris WV PM
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus PM MB
Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia PM WV
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.
Black stork, Ciconia nigra PM
White stork, Ciconia ciconia PM
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus PM
Eagles, kites and allies
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes eagles, hawks, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus PM
Crested honey buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus AV
Black-shouldered kite, Elanus caeruleus AV
Red kite, Milvus milvus AV
Black kite, Milvus migrans PM
White-tailed sea eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla AV
Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus AV near threatened
Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus PM endangered
Griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus RB critically endangered population
Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus FB AV near threatened
Short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus PM
Bataleur, Terathopius ecaudatus AV
Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus WV PM
Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus WV PM
Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus PM near threatened
Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus PM
Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes PM
Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus WV PM
Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentiles RB MB
Common buzzard, Buteo buteo PM WV (B. b. vulpinus PM)
Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus RB WV PM
Rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus AV
Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina PM
Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga AV vulnerable
Eastern imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca FB AV vulnerable
Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos AV
Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata RB PM
Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus PM (occasionally winter)
Caracaras and falcons
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni vulnerable PM FB
Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus RB PM WV
Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus PM near threatened
Amur falcon, Falco amurensis AV
Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae MB PM
Sooty falcon, Falco concolor AV near threatened
Merlin, Falco columbarius WV PM
Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo PM MB
Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus AV
Saker falcon, Falco cherrug PM endangered
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus PM MB WV
Rails, gallinules and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Water rail, Rallus aquaticus WV PM OB
Corn crake, Crex crex PM vulnerable
Little crake, Porzana parva PM WV
Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla PM FB
Spotted crake, Porzana porzana PM
Grey-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus AV insufficient data
Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni AV
Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus RB
Eurasian coot, Fulica atra WV PM RB
Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo PM
Common crane, Grus grus PM WV
Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
Great bustard, Otis tarda AV vulnerable
Houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata AV
Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax AV near threatened
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Eurasian stone curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus RB PM WV
Lapwings and plovers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus WV PM near threatened
Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus PM MB
Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius AV critically endangered
White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus AV
European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria WV PM
Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva AV
American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica AV
Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola WV PM
Ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula PM WV
Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius PM OB WV
Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius AV
Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus MB RB
Greater sandplover, Charadrius leschenaultii PM WV
Lesser sandplover, Charadrius mongolus AV
Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus AV
Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus PM
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus PM
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus PM MB
Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta PM WV
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola WV
Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus PM WV
Great snipe, Gallinago media PM near threatened
Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago PM WV
Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa PM WV
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica PM
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus PM
Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris EX (possibly extinct in the wild)
Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata PM WV
Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus PM
Common redshank, Tringa totanus PM WV
Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis PM
Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia PM WV
Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus PM WV
Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola PM
Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus AV
Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos PM WV
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres PM WV
Red knot, Calidris canutus PM
Sanderling, Calidris alba PM WV
Little stint, Calidris minuta PM WV
Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii PM WV
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii AV
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos AV
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea PM
Dunlin, Calidris alpina PM WV
Broad-billed sandpiper, Limicola falcinellus PM
Ruff, Philomachus pugnax PM WV
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus PM
Grey phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius AV
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding
Cream-coloured courser, Cursorius cursor PM
Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola PM OB
Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum AV
Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni AV near threatened
Gulls, terns and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.
Common gull, Larus canus WV
Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus AV
European herring gull, Larus argentatus AV
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (Baltic gull PM, Heuglin's gull PM WV)
Yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis RB WV PM
Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans WV PM
Armenian gull, Larus armenicus PM WV
Audouin's gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii RB near threatened
Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus PM
Mediterranean gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus PM WV
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus PM WV
Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei PM WV
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan AV
Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus WV PM
Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla AV
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica PM
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia PM
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis PM WV
Common tern, Sterna hirundo PM OB
Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea AV
Little tern, Sternula albifrons PM OB
Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida PM
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus PM
Black tern, Chlidonias niger PM
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips, and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
Arctic skua, Stercorarius parasiticus PM
Pomarine skua, Stercorarius pomarinus AV
Sandgrouse
Order: Pteroclidiformes Family: Pteroclididae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like heads and necks and sturdy compact bodies. The adults are sexually dimorphic with the males being slightly larger and more brightly colored than the females. They have eleven strong primary feathers and long pointed wings giving them a fast direct flight. The muscles of the wings are powerful and the birds are capable of rapid take off and sustained flight. There is a dense layer of under down which helps insulate the bird from extremes of heat and cold. The feathers of the belly are specially adapted for absorbing water and retaining it, allowing adults, particularly males, to carry water to chicks that may be many miles away from watering holes.
Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata AV
Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis PM FB
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock dove, Columba livia RB
Stock dove, Columba oenas PM WV
Common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus RB WV
European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur PM MB vulnerable
Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto RB
Laughing dove, Spilopelia senegalensis RB IN (+ colonized)
Namaqua dove, Oena capensis AV
Cuckoos, roadrunners and anis
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius PM MB (host species; hooded crow, Eurasian magpie)
Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus PM MB (host species; Cyprus wheatear, eastern olivaceous warbler - Troodos Mountains)
Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius AV
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba RB MB
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
European scops owl, Otus scops (O. s. cyprius MB RB (endemic subspecies, ongoing taxonomic reprisal for full species elevation), O. s. scops PM, O. s. cycladum PM)
Little owl, Athene noctua RB (A. n. lillith RB)
Long-eared owl, Asio otus RB PM
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus PM
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.
Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus PM MB
Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius AV
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba MB PM
Common swift, Apus apus MB PM
Pallid swift, Apus pallidus MB PM
Little swift, Apus affinis AV
Order: Upupiformes Family: Upupidae
This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. It is the only member of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.
Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops PM MB
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis PM WV
White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis PM WV
Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis PM WV OB
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus PM
European bee-eater, Merops apiaster MB PM
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
European roller, Coracias garrulous PM MB
Woodpeckers, sapsuckers and flickers
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla PM
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Desert lark, Ammomanes deserti AV
Bar-tailed lark, Ammomanes cinctura AV
Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra RB PM WV
Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata PM
Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla PM
Lesser short-toed lark, Alaudala rufescens PM
Dupont's lark, Chersophilus duponti AV near threatened
Dunn's lark, Eremalauda dunni AV
Crested lark, Galerida cristata RB
Woodlark, Lullula arborea RB WV PM
Skylark, Alauda arvensis WV PM
Shore lark, Eremophila alpestris AV
Temminck's horned lark, Eremophila bilopha AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
Sand martin, Riparia riparia PM
Crag martin, Hirundo rupestris PM RB
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica PM MB
Red-rumped swallow, Hirundo daurica PM MB
Common house martin, Delichon urbica PM MB
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
White wagtail, Motacilla alba WV PM OB (pied wagtail AV, masked wagtail AV)
Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola PM
Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava flava PM (M. f. thunbergi PM, M. f. feldegg PM MB, M. f. beema PM, M. f. superciliaris PM, M. f. lutea AV, M. f. cinereocapilla AV)
Grey wagtail, Motacilla cinerea WV PM OB
Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi PM
Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris PM
Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii AV
Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis AV
Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis PM
Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni AV
Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis PM WV
Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus PM
Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta PM WV (Caucasian water pipit PM WV)
Asian buff-bellied pipit, Anthus rubescens AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
Goldcrest, Regulus regulus WV
Common firecrest, Regulus ignicapillus AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hypocoliidae
The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.
Grey hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus olympicus extinct (endemic subspecies)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
East Mediterranean winter wren, Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes RB (endemic subspecies)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
Dunnock, Prunella modularis WV PM
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus AV
Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula WV PM RB
Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus AV
Naumann's thrush, Turdus naumanni AV
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris WV
Redwing, Turdus iliacus WV PM
Song thrush, Turdus philomelos WV PM
Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus WV PM
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis RB
Graceful prinia, Prinia gracilis AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cettiidae
Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti RB
Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia AV
River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis AV
Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides PM
Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon WV
Aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola AV
Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus PM
Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola AV
Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus MB PM
Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum AV
Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris PM
Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus PM OB
Basra reed warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis AV endangered
Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida MB PM
Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum AV
Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida AV
Melodious warbler, Hippolais polyglotta AV
Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina PM
Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus PM
Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita PM WV
Siberian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus tristis AV
Mountain chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus AV
Eastern Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis PM
Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix PM
Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus AV
Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus AV
Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla PM WV
Garden warbler, Sylvia borin PM
Greater whitethroat, Sylvia communis PM
Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca PM
Asian desert warbler, Sylvia nana AV
Barred warbler, Sylvia nisoria PM
Eastern Orphean warbler, Sylvia crassirostris PM
Arabian warbler, Sylvia leucomelaena AV
Rüppell's warbler, Sylvia ruppeli PM
Eastern subalpine warbler, Sylvia cantillans PM
Sardinian warbler, Sylvia melanocephala RB WV PM
Cyprus warbler, Sylvia melanothorax MB (endemic species, overwinters some years)
Menetries' warbler, Sylvia mystacea AV
Spectacled warbler, Sylvia conspicillata RB
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Common rock thrush, Monticola saxatilis PM
Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius PM WV
Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata PM MB
European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca PM
Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis PM
Semi-collared flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata PM
Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva PM
European robin, Erithacus rubecula WV PM
Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia PM
Nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos MB PM
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica PM WV
Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus AV
White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis AV
Rufous-tailed bush robin, Cercotrichas galactotes AV
Western black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros WV PM (eastern black redstart AV)
Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus PM (Ehrenberg's redstart PM)
Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra PM
European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola WV PM
Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus PM (Caspian stonechat PM)
Pied stonechat, Saxicola caprata AV
White-crowned black wheatear, Oenanthe leucopyga AV
Hooded wheatear, Oenanthe monacha PM
Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe PM
Mourning wheatear, Oenanthe lugens AV
Finsch's wheatear, Oenanthe finschii WV PM
Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka AV
Cyprus wheatear, Oenanthe cypriaca MB (endemic species)
Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica PM
Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti PM
Kurdish wheatear, Oenanthe xanthoprymna AV
Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina PM
Order: Passeriformes Family: Panuridae
Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
Coal tit, Periparus ater AV (endemic subspecies P. a. cypriotes RB)
Great tit, Parus major aphrodite RB
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria WV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Dorothy's (short-toed) treecreeper, Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae RB (endemic subspecies)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus PM WV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus PM MB
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio PM OB
Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus PM
Turkestan shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides AV
Grey shrike, Lanius excubitor (steppe shrike AV, southern shrike AV)
Lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor PM
Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus PM MB
Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator PM MB
Crows, jays and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius glaszneri RB (endemic subspecies)
Magpie, Pica pica RB
Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula RB
Rook, Corvus frugilegus AV
Common raven, Corvus corax MB critically endangered population
Hooded crow, Corvus cornix RB
Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis AV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Rosy starling, Pastor roseus PM
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris PM WV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella PM WV
Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos AV
Rock bunting, Emberiza cia AV
Cirl bunting, Emberiza cirlus AV
Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea PM near threatened
Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana PM
Cretzschmar's bunting, Emberiza caesia PM MB
House bunting, Emberiza sahari AV
Striolated bunting, Emberiza striolata AV
Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla AV
Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola AV endangered
Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala MB
Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus WV
Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra PM MB RB
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs RB PM WV
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla WV
Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus AV
Common crossbill, Loxia curvirostra guillemardi RB (once considered an endemic species, now considered a regional endemic species)
European greenfinch, Chloris chloris RB WV PM
Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea AV
Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus WV
European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis RB WV PM
Common linnet, Linaria cannabina RB WV PM
Red-fronted serin, Serinus pusillus AV
European serin, Serinus serinus RB WV PM
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes PM WV
Bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula AV
Eurasian crimson-winged finch, Rhodopechys sanguineus AV
Trumpeter finch, Rhodopechys githaginea PM WV
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
House sparrow, Passer domesticus RB PM
Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis RB PM WV
Dead Sea sparrow, Passer moabiticus FB AV
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus AV
Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia PM
Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla AV
White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis AV
