List of biologists

A

Humayun Abdulali (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist

Aziz Ab'Saber (1924–2012), Brazilian geographer, geologist and ecologist

Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist

Johann Friedrich Adam (18th century–1806), Russian botanist

Arthur Adams (1820–1878), English physician and naturalist

Henry Adams (1813–1877), English naturalist and conchologist

William Adamson (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Aiton)

Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany: Adans.)

Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons

Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist

Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), Swedish botanist

Jacob Georg Agardh (1813–1901), Swedish botanist

Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist

Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz

Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist

Pedro Alberch i Vié (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist

Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), English ornithologist

Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist

Richard D. Alexander (born 1930), American evolutionary biologist

Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist

Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), British naturalist

Salim Ali (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist

Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736– after1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany: F.Allam.)

Warder Clyde Allee (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect

Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), American; birds, mammals

George James Allman (1812–1898), British naturalist

Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), Italian botanist

Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA

Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test

José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist

George French Angas (1822–1886), English explorer, naturalist, conchologist and painter

Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist

Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC), Greek philosopher

Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist

Gilbert Ashwell (1916–2014), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor

Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759–1800), French naturalist

Jean Victoire Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist

John James Audubon (1786–1851), American ornithologist

Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis

Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel Prize–winning physiologist

Julius Axelrod (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters

William Orville Ayres (1817–1887), American physician and ichthyologist

Félix de Azara (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist

Ba-Bi

Churchill Babington (1831–1881), British archaeologist and conchologist

John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist

Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)

Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), embryologist

Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist (abbr. in botany: L.H.Bailey)

Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), birds and mammals

John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Balf.)

David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975

Joseph Banks (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany: Banks)

Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system

Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Barton)

John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Bartram)

William Bartram (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany: W.Bartram)

Anton de Bary (1831–1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist

Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist

Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London

August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist

Nicolas Baudin (1754–1803), French botanist

Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus (abbr. in botany: C.Bauhin)

Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: Bechst.)

Rollo Beck (1870–1950), American ornithologist

Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), biologist

Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses

Thomas Bell (1792–1880), English naturalist

David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist

Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), English zoologist

George Bentham (1800–1884), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Benth.)

Robert Bentley (1821–1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Bentley)

Jacques Benveniste (1935–2004), French immunologist

Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin

Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography

Carl Bergmann (1814–1865), German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmann's rule

Rudolph Bergh (1824–1909), Danish physician and zoologist

Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis

Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), American marine zoologist

Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist

Colin Bibby (1948–2004), English ornithologist

Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist

Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist

Ann Bishop (1899–1990), English biologist

Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist

Bl-Bu

Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US Nobel Prize–winning researcher in the field of telomeres and the "telomerase" enzyme

John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist

Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist

Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi

Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist

William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English naturalist

Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist

Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.

Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules

Carl Ludwig Blume (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: Blume)

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist

Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist

José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907), Portuguese zoologist

Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist

Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist

James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist

Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist

August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), German botanist

Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist

Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Bonpl.)

Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system

Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist

Norman Borlaug (born 1914), American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution

Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French zoologist

George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist

Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French naturalist

Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: Brandt)

Sara Branham Matthews (1888–1962), American microbiologist

Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist

Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), German zoologist

Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist

William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist

Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist

Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Britton)

Thomas D. Brock (born 1926), American biologist, discoverer of hyperthermophiles

Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Brongn.)

Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist

James H. Brown, American ecologist

Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany: R.Br.)

David Bruce (1855–1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist

Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist

Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist

Stephen L. Buchmann, co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators

Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist and Nobel prize winner

Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany: Buckley)

Buffon (1707–1788), French naturalist (abbr. in botany: Buffon)

William Bullock (1773–1849), English naturalist

Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist

James Bulwer (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist

Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist

Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist

Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German zoologist

Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA

Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing

C

Jean Cabanis (1816–1906), German ornithologist

George Caley (1770–1829), English botanist

Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), German botanist

Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), British botanist

A. P. de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist

Philip Pearsall Carpenter (1819–1877), conchologist

Alexis Carrel (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics

Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896), French botanist

Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist

Sean B. Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist

Rachel Carson (1907–1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring

George Washington Carver (1860–1943), American botanist

John Cassin (1813–1869), American ornithologist

Alexandre de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Cass.)

William E. Castle (1867–1962), American geneticist

Mark Catesby (1683–1749), English naturalist

Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), Italian botanist

Francesco Cetti (1726–1778), Italian zoologist

Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), Brazilian physician

Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), German botanist

[(Simon Chan)] (1974–2012), New Zealand plant biologist

Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), biologist

Frank Michler Chapman (1864–1945), ornithologist

Martha Chase (1927–2003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity

Thomas Frederic Cheeseman (1846–1923), New Zealand botanist and naturalist.

Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist

Charles Chilton (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist

Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist

Nathan Cobb (1859–1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology

Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in botany: Cogn.)

Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.

James J. Collins, American biologist, synthetic biology and systems biology pioneer

Henry Boardman Conover (1892–1950), American ornithologist

Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803–1877), American malacologist

James Graham Cooper (1830–1902), American naturalist

William Cooper (1798–1864), American conchologist

Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology

Charles Coquerel (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist

Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle

Gerty Cori (1886–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle

Charles B. Cory (1857–1921), American ornithologist

Emanuel Mendez da Costa (1717–1791), English botanist, naturalist, philosopher

Elliott Coues (1842–1899), American ornithologist

Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907–2004), South African zoologist

Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer

Miguel Rolando Covian (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology

Frederick Vernon Coville (1867–1937), American botanist

Robert K. Crane, (born 1919), American biochemist, discovered sodium-glucose cotransport.

Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786–1845), German zoologist

Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist

Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse (1826–1898), French conchologist

Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), English botanist

Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), English botanist

William Curtis (1746–1799), English botanist

Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), French naturalist

D

Valerie Daggett, American bioengineer

Anders Dahl (1751–1789), namesake of the Dahlia

W.H. Dall (1845–1927), American naturalist and malacologist.

Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist, author and biologist

Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles

Charles Davenport (1866–1944), American biologist and eugenicist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Armand David (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist

Bernard Davis (1916–1994), American biologist

Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist

Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787–1823), French naturalist

Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses

Richard Dell (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist

Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794–1860), Italian

Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist

René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833), French botanist

Gérard Paul Deshayes (1795–1875), French geologist and conchologist.

Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784–1838), French zoologist

Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), German naturalist

Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), German botanist

Lewis Weston Dillwyn (1778–1855), British botanist and conchologist

Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri

Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist

Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist

Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist

David Don (1799–1841), British botanist

James Donn (1758–1813), English botanist

Jean Dorst (1924–2001), French ornithologist

Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), British entomologist

David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist

Jonas C. Dryander (1748–1810), Swedish botanist

Félix Dujardin (1802–1860), biologist

Renato Dulbecco (1914–2012), biologist

Ronald Duman, Biological psychiatry

André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), French zoologist

Michel Felix Dunal (1789–1856), French botanist

Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist

Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist

E

Sylvia Earle (born 1935), American oceanographer

John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophysiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse

Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (abbr. in botany: Eckl.)

Gerald Edelman (born 1929), Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience

George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist

Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist

Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist

Karl Eichwald (1795–1876), Russian geologist and physician

Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), German zoologist

George Eliava (1892–1937), Georgian microbiologist

Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist

Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist

Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in botany: Endl.)

Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist

George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist

Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Engl.)

Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.

Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy

Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist

Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist

Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist

F

Jean Henri Fabre (1823–1915), French entomologist

Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist

David Fairchild (1869–1954), American botanist

Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist

Leonardo Fea (1852–1903), Italian zoologist

Christoph Feldegg (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist

Lewis J. Feldman (born 1945), American botanist

Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917–1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist

Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist

Harold John Finlay (1901–1951), New Zealand palaeontologist and conchologist

Otto Finsch (1839–1917), German naturalist

Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German entomologist

James Fisher (1922–1970), English ornithologist

Paul Henri Fischer (1835–1893): French physician, zoologist, malacologist and paleontologist

Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics

Leopold Fitzinger (1802–1884), Austrian zoologist

Tim Flannery (1956-), Australian biologist

Jim Flegg, British ornithologist

Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British medical scientist

Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes

Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950), English entomologist

Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin

Brian J. Ford (born 1939), British biologist and writer

E. B. Ford (1901–1988), British ecological geneticist

Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist

Georg Forster (1754–1794), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: G.Forst.)

Peter Forster (geneticist) (born 1967), German geneticist

Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), German naturalist

Robert Fortune (1813–1880), Scottish botanist

Dian Fossey (1932–1985), American zoologist

Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA

Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro (1797–1874), Brazilian botanist

Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy

Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees

Imre Frivaldszky (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist

Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), German botanist

José María de la Fuente Morales (1855–1932), Spanish biologist

Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927), American ornithologist

G

Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791), German botanist

François Gagnepain (1866–1952), French botanist

Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796–1858), French

Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans

Robert Gallo (born 1937), American virologist and co-discoverer of HIV

William Gambel (1823–1849), American naturalist

Prosper Garnot (1794–1838), French naturalist

Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), French botanist

Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients

Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), American botanist

John Gerard (1545–1611/12), English botanist

Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (abbr. in botany: Gesner)

Luca Ghini (1490–1566), Italian botanist

Clelia Giacobini (1931–2010), Italian microbiologist, a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation-restoration

John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist

Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), British botanist

Charles Frédéric Girard (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist

Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: J.F.Gmel.)

Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: J.G.Gmel.)

Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), German botanist (abbr. in botany: S.G.Gmel.)

Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist

Émil Goeldi (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.

Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology

Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.

George Gordon (1806–1879), British botanist

Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), English naturalist

Augustus Addison Gould (1805–1866), American conchologist.

John Gould (1804–1881), English ornithologist

Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), American paleontologist

Alfred Grandidier (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer

Guillaume Grandidier (1873–1957), French naturalist and explorer son of Alfred Grandidier

Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism

Chapman Grant (1887–1983), American herpetologist

Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895–1985), French zoologist

Asa Gray (1810–1888), American botanist

George Robert Gray (1808–1872), English zoologist

J.E. Gray (1800–1875), British zoologist

Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869), American ornithologist

William King Gregory (1876–1970), American zoologist

Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), British ornithologist

Frederick Griffith (1879–1941), British bacteriologist

Jeremy Griffith (born 1945), Australian zoologist

Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690–1762), Dutch botanist

Pavel Grošelj (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist

Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799–1874), French entomologist

Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German naturalist

Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"

Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist

Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830–1914), British/German zoologist

H

Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), German physician, zoologist and evolutionist

Hermann August Hagen (1817–1893), German entomologist

J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), British evolutionary biologist and co-founder of population genetics

William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist

Sylvanus Charles Thorp Hanley (1819–1899), British conchologist and malacologist

Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), English naturalist

Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion

Richard Harlan (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist

Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, father of the free radical theory of aging

Maarten 't Hart (born 1944), Dutch biologist and writer

Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), German ornithologist

Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900), German zoologist

Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), German botanist

William Henry Harvey (1811–1866), Irish phycologist

Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist

Frederik Hasselquist (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist

Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824–1878), English ornithologist

James Hector (1834–1907), Scottish geologist, naturalist, and surgeon

Charles Hedley (1862–1926), naturalist, active in Australia

Oskar Heinroth (1871–1945), German biologist, a founder of ethology

Wilhelm Hemprich (1796–1825), German naturalist

Willi Hennig (1913–1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics

John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), English mineralogist, botanist and clergyman

Johann Hermann (1738–1800), French physician and naturalist

Albert William Herre (1868–1962), American ichthyologist and lichenologist

Alfred Hershey (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses

Philip Hershkovitz (1909–1997), American mammalogist noted especially as a primatologist

Leo George Hertlein (1898–1972), American paleontologist and malacologist

Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidation of mechanical work in muscles

Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), English naturalist

Jan van der Hoeven (1802–1868), Dutch zoologist

Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist

Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849), German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist

Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798–1852), French naturalist

Leroy Hood (born 1939), American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer

Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British natural philosopher and Secretary to the Royal Society

Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), British botanist, explorer and Director of Kew Botanic Gardens

William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), British botanist, Director of Kew Botanic Gardens

John "Jack" Horner (born 1946), American paleontologist, specialized in dinosaurs

Thomas Horsfield (1773–1859), American naturalist

Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the function of the pituitary hormones in regulating blood sugar (glucose) in animals.

Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist

Albert Howard (1873–1947), British botanist

Eliot Howard (1873–1940), English ornithologist

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology

David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research on the visual system

François Huber (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist

Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist

William Henry Hudson (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist

Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer

Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), British ornithologist

Rob Hume, British ornithologist

George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist

Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1835–1905), English biologist and geologist, later worked in New Zealand

Julian Sorell Huxley (1887–1975), English zoologist and contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis; first D-G of UNESCO

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), English zoologist and advocate of evolution, agnosticism and scientific education

Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902), American neo-Lamarckian

Libbie Hyman (1888–1969), invertebrate zoologist

Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist

I

Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German naturalist

Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813), German entomologist

Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch-born British botanist

Tom Iredale (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist

Paul Erdmann Isert (1756–1789), German botanist

J

François Jacob (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize

Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Dutch-born Austrian botanist

Honoré Jacquinot (1815–1887), French surgeon and zoologist

Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist

William Jardine (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist

Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790–1865), Polish zoologist

Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), British zoologist and botanist

Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), (coined the term gene)

David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford

Félix Pierre Jousseaume (1835–1921), French zoologist and malacologist

Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), French botanist

Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist

Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (abbr. in botany: Juss.)

Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777), French naturalist

Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941), American biologist

K

Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist

Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), Swedish botanist

Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory

Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), German botanist

Rudolf Kaufmann (1909–c1941), trilobitologist known for his contributions to allopatric speciation and punctuated equilibrium.

Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms

Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), German naturalist

Janet Kear (1933–2004), English ornithologist

Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), British zoologist and physiologist

Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist

Robert Kerr (1755–1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792

Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil

Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (born 1925), Polish paleontologist, led several paleontological expeditions to the Gobi desert

Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics

Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist

William Kirby (1759–1850), English entomologist

Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874), German naturalist

Wilhelm Kobelt (1840–1916), German zoologist and malacologist

Fritz Köberle (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease

Karl Koch (1809–1879), German botanist

Robert Koch (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist

Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"

Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist

Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist

Charles Konig (1774–1851), German naturalist

Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase

Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist

Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology

Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration

Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist

Eduardo Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist

Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle

Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821), German zoologist

L

Henri Laborit (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist

Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist

David Lack (1910–1973), British ornithologist

Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), French ornithologist

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils

Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), British botanist

Charles Lamberton (fl. 1912–1956), French paleontologist

Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), British ecologist

Kai Larsen (1926–2012), Danish botanist

Charles Francis Laseron (1887–1959), American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist

John Latham (1740–1837), English naturalist

Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), French entomologist

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoon

George Newbold Lawrence (1806–1855), American ornithologist

William Elford Leach (1790–1836), English zoologist and marine biologist

Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science

Joseph LeConte (1823–1901), physiologist

Tim Lee (born 1977), comedian

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope

François Leguat (c. 1637 – 1735), French naturalist

Joseph Leidy (1823–1891), American paleontologist

Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist

Juan Lembeye (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them

Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist

Rene Primevere Lesson (1794–1849), French naturalist

Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846), French naturalist

François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French ornithologist

Edward B. Lewis (1918–2004), American geneticist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner

Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist

Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist

Emmanuel Liais (1826–1900), French botanist

Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1867), German zoologist

John Lightfoot (1735–1788), English conchologist and botanist

David R. Lindberg, American malacologist and biologist

Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist

John Lindley (1799–1865), English botanist

Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Link)

Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial nomenclature system (abbr L. or Linn.)

Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-American biologist

Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915), German biologist

Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology

Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist

John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), English botanist

James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the Gaia hypothesis

Percy Lowe (1870–1948), English ornithologist

Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist

Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner

Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher

André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), English naturalist

Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. His denouncement of genetics became known as Lysenkoism.

Ma-Mi

Jules François Mabille (1831–1904), French malacologist

John Macadam (1827–1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist

John M. MacDougal (born 1954), American botanist

William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist

Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist

Ramon Margalef (1919–2004), Spanish-Catalan biologist and ecologist

Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist

Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist

Alberto della Marmora (1789–1863), Italian naturalist

Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899), paleontology

Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria

Fermín Martín Piera (1954–2001), Spanish botanist

Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), German botanist

John Martyn (1699–1768), English botanist

Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), English botanist, entomologist and conchologist

John Marwick (1891–1978), New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist

Teresa Maryańska, Poland, paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs

Francis Masson (1741 – c. 1805), Scottish botanist

Gregory Mathews (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist

Paul Matschie (1861–1926), German zoologist

William Diller Matthew (1871–1930), American paleontologist

Polly Matzinger, American immunologist

Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891), Russian botanist

Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), English entomologist

Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physicist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005

Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist

Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American biologist, winner of a Nobel Prize for her work on the transposon, or "jumping gene"

James V. McConnell (1925–1990), American biological psychologist

Mark McMenamin (born 1958), American paleontologist

Bruce McEwen, neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert

Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), English ornithologist

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908

Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), German entomologist

Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants

Edouard Menetries (1802–1861), French entomologist

Maud Leonora Menten, biologist

Archibald Menzies (1754–1852), Scottish naturalist

Clinton Hart Merriam (1855–1942), American zoologist and ornithologist

John C. Merriam (1869–1945), American biologist

Franz Meyen (1804–1840), German botanist

Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (1901–1984), American ornithologist

Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles

Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949), German biologist

André Michaux (1746–1802), French botanist

Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf (1815–1894), Russian zoologist

Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (1846–1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist

Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr. (1869–1956), American zoologist.

Jacques Miller (born 1931), Australian immunologist.

John Frederick Miller (1759–1796), English illustrator (primarily of botany)

Kenneth R. Miller (born 1948), American evolutionary biologist.

Philip Miller (1691–1771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Mill.)

Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), French zoologist

Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), French zoologist

George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900), English biologist

Mo-Mu

Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), German botanist

Paul Möhring (1710–1792), German naturalist

Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829), Chilean naturalist

Jacques Monod (1910–1976), geneticist

George Montagu (1753–1815), English naturalist

Luc Montagnier (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV

Rita Levi-Montalcini (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors

Tommaso di Maria Allery Monterosato (1841–1927), Italian malacologist

Pierre Dénys de Montfort (1766–1820), French naturalist

George Thomas Moore (1871–1956), American botanist

Alfred Moquin-Tandon (1804–1863), French naturalist

Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch (1828–1878), malacologist

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1868–1945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila

Desmond Morris (born 1928), British zoologist and biologist

Roger Morse (1927–2000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping

Guy Mountfort (1905–2003), English ornithologist

Ladislav Mucina (born 1956), Slovakian botanist

Ferdinand von Mueller (1825–1896), German-Australian botanist

John Muir (1838–1914), American naturalist

Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany: O.F.Müll.)

Fritz Müller (1821–1897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany: F.J.Müll.)

Hermann Müller (Thurgau) (1850–1927), Swiss botanist and oenologist

Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller (1725–1776), German zoologist

Salomon Muller (1804–1864), Dutch naturalist

Kary Mullis (born 1944), biologist

Otto von Münchhausen (1716–1774), German botanist

John Murray (1841–1914), Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist

N

Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators

Karl Wilhelm von Nageli (1817–1891), Swiss botanist

Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857), German founder of scientific ornithology

John Needham (1713–1781), English naturalist

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), German botanist and zoologist

Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist

Randolph M. Nesse (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist

Charles F. Newcombe (1851–1924), British botanist

Alfred Newton (1829–1907), English zoologist

Margaret Morse Nice (1883–1974), American ornithologist

Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), British zoologist

Elmer Noble (1909–2001), American parasitologist

Alfred Merle Norman (1831–1918), English clergyman and naturalist

Alfred John North (1855–1917), Australian ornithologist

Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner

Thomas Nuttall (1786–1858), English botanist and zoologist

O

Nils Hjalmar Odhner (1884–1973), Swedish zoologist

Eugene P. Odum (1913–2002), American ecologist

Howard T. Odum (1924–2002), American ecologist

Anders Sandoe Oersted (1816–1872), Danish botanist (abbr. in botany: Oerst.)

William Ogilby (1808–1873), Irish naturalist

William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863–1924), Scottish ornithologist

Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist

Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), German naturalist

Giuseppe Olivi (1769–1795), Italian naturalist

Mark A. O'Neill, British biologist and computer scientist

Aleksandr Oparin (1894–1980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the origin of life

Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857), French naturalist

George Ord (1781–1866), American ornithologist

Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), English entomologist

Edward Latham Ormerod (1819–1873), FRS, English physician and entomologist

Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935), eugenicist, AMNH curator

William Charles Osman Hill (1901–1975), British anatomist, primatologist, and a leading authority on primate anatomy during the 20th century

Halszka Osmólska (1930–2008), Polish paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs

Emile Oustalet (1844–1905), French zoologist

Richard Owen (1804–1892), biologist of nebres(triztan) organisms

P

George Emil Palade (born 1912), Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize

Paul Maurice Pallary (1869–1942), French-Algerian malacologist

Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), Russian zoologist

Edward Palmer (1829–1911), British botanist

Josif Pancic (1814–1888), Serbian botanist

Paracelsus (1493–1541), German alchemist

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), French biochemist

William Paterson (1755–1810), British botanist and explorer

Robert Patterson (1802–1872), Irish naturalist

Daniel Pauly (born 1946), French marine biologist

Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system

Titian Peale (1799–1885), American naturalist

Donald C. Peattie (1898–1964), American botanist

Eva J. Pell (born 1948), American plant pathologist

Paul Pelseneer (1863–1945), Belgian malacologist

Jean-Marie Pelt (born 1933), French botanist

Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), Welsh naturalist and antiquary

Henri Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958), French botanist

George Perry (naturalist), 19th century English naturalist

Christian Hendrik Persoon (1761–1836), biologist

Paul Petard (1912–1980), French botanist

Wilhelm Peters (1815–1883), German naturalist

Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, German physician, botanist and conchologist

Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808–1904), German-Chilean zoologist

Constantine John Phipps (1744–1792), English explorer

David Andrew Phoenix, (born 1966), Biochemist

Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860–?), English entomologist

Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828–1917), English entomologist, uncle of above

Charles Pickering (1805–1878), American naturalist

Cándido Bolívar Pieltain (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist

Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1862–1957), American zoologist, malacologist

Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), American biologist and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill

Ronald Plasterk, (born 1957), Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician

Pliny the Elder (23–79), Roman natural philosopher

Reginald Innes Pocock (1863–1947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids)

Felipe Poey (1799–1891), Cuban zoologist

Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779–1851), American botanist

Henry de Puyjalon (1841–1905), Canadian ecologist and biologist

Giuseppe Saverio Poli (1746–1825), Italian physicist, biologist and natural historian

Winston Ponder, Australian malacologist

Arthur William Baden Powell (1901–1987), New Zealand malacologist and paleontologist

Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford (1833–1896), English ornithologist

Karel Presl (1794–1852), Bohemian botanist

Alice Pruvot-Fol (1873–1972), French malacologist

Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869), Czech anatomist and physiologist

Frederick Traugott Pursh (1774–1820), German-American botanist

Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist

Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839–1888), Russian explorer

Q

Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810–1892), French naturalist

Jean René Constant Quoy (1790–1869), French zoologist

R

Gustav Radde (1831–1903), German naturalist

Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781–1826), British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840), French naturalist who described many North American species

Émile Louis Ragonot (1843–1895), French entomologist

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.

Edward Pierson Ramsay (1842–1916), Australian ornithologist

Austin L. Rand (1905–1982), Canadian zoologist

Suresh Rattan (born 1955), Indian biogerontologist

John Ray (1627–1705), English naturalist

Francesco Redi (1626–1697), Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis

Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814–1865), English conchologist

Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823–1889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany: Rchb. f.)

Ludwig Reichenbach (1793–1879), German botanist and ornithologist (abbr. in botany: Rchb.)

Anton Reichenow (1847–1941), German ornithologist

Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773–1854), Dutch botanist

Bernhard Rensch (1900–1990), German biologist

Ralf Reski (born 1958), German botanist and biotechnologist, developed Physcomitrella as model organism

Achille Richard (1794–1852), French botanist (abbr. in botany: A. Rich)

Jean Michel Claude Richard (1787–1868), noted French botanist and plant collector (abbr. in botany: J.M.C.Rich.)

Louis Claude Richard (1754–1821), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Rich.)

Olivier Jules Richard (1836–1896), French lichenologist (abbr. in botany: O.J.Rich.)

John Richardson (1787–1865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany: Richardson)

Charles Richet (1850–1935), French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis

Charles Wallace Richmond (1868–1932), American ornithologist

Robert Ridgway (1850–1929), American ornithologist

Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956), British botanist (abbr. in botany: Ridl.)

Austin Roberts (1883–1948), South African zoologist

Harold E. Robinson (born 1932), American botanist and entomologist

Maurício Rocha e Silva (1910–1983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin

Martin Rodbell (1925–1998), biologist

Peter Friedrich Röding (1767–1846), German malacologist

George Romanes (1848–1894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of comparative psychology

Alfred Romer (1894–1973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology

Robert Rosen (1934–1998), theoretical biologist

Joel Rosenbaum (born 1933), cell biologist at Yale University

Harald Rosenthal (born 1937), German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology

Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), British entomologist

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868–1937), British zoologist

William Roxburgh (1759–1815), Scottish botanist

Adriaan van Royen (1704–1779), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: Royen)

Karl Rudolphi (1771–1832), German physiologist

Eduard Rüppell (1794–1884), German naturalist

Sa-So

Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), English naturalist

Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), German botanist

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), French naturalist

Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861), French zoologist

Carl Ulisses von Salis-Marschlins (1762–1818), Swiss naturalist interested in botany, entomology, and conchology

Edward James Salisbury (1886–1978), British botanist

Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), British botanist

Jonas Salk (1914–1995), American biologist, inventor of polio vaccine

Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist

Georg Ossian Sars (1837–1927), Norwegian marine biologist

Michael Sars (1809–1869), Norwegian taxonomist

William Saunders (1822–1900), American botanist

Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist

Marie Jules César Savigny (1777–1851), French zoologist

Thomas Say (1787–1843), American naturalist

George Schaller (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century

Friedrich Schlechter (1872–1925), German botanist

Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), German ornithologist

Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804–1881), German co-founder of the cell theory

George Schoener (1864–1941), German-American botanist

Johann David Schoepf (1752–1800), German botanist and zoologist

Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794–1865), German botanist

Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), German naturalist

Leopold von Schrenck (1826–1894), Russo-German zoologist

Charles Schuchert (1858–1942), paleontologist

Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), German physiologist

Georg August Schweinfurth (1836–1925), German botanist

Philip Sclater (1829–1913), English zoologist

Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788), Italian-Austrian naturalist

Henry Seebohm (1832–1895), English ornithologist

Prideaux John Selby (1788–1867), English botanist and ornithologist

Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov (1827–1885), Russian naturalist

Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847–1909), English zoologist

George Shaw (1751–1813), English botanist and zoologist

George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910), English ornithologist

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1922), British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons

Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866), German botanist

George Gaylord Simpson (1902–1984), American paleontologist

Rolf Singer (1906–1994), German born mycologist

John Kunkel Small (1869–1938), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Small)

Andrew Smith (1797–1872), Scottish zoologist

Edgar Albert Smith (1847–1916), British zoologist and conchologist

Frederick Smith (1805–1879), British entomologist

James Edward Smith (1759–1828), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Sm.)

Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867–1947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: J.J.Sm.)

James Leonard Brierley Smith (1897–1968), South African ichthyologist

John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), biologist

John Otterbein Snyder (1867–1943), American zoologist

Solomon H. Snyder (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins

Daniel Solander (1733–1782), Swedish botanist

Louis François Auguste Souleyet (1811–1852), French zoologist

Sp-Sy

Douglas Spalding (c1840–1877), English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior

Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), Italian biologist

Anders Sparrman (1748–1820), Swedish naturalist

Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929), English biologist and anthropologist

Roger W. Sperry (1913–1994), American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his split-brain research

Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857), entomologist

Johann Baptist von Spix (1781–1826), German naturalist

Herman Spoering (1733–1771), Finnish botanist

Kurt Sprengel (1766–1833), German botanist

Stewart Springer (1906–1991), American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark classification, behavior, and distribution of species

Richard Spruce (1817–1893), English botanist

Agustin Stahl (1842–1917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist

Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (1775–1851), English naturalist

Japetus Steenstrup (1813–1897), Danish zoologist

Franz Steindachner (1834–1919), Austrian zoologist

Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851–1943), Norwegian zoologist

Georg Wilhelm Steller (1709–1746), Russian ornithologist

James Francis Stephens (1792–1853), English zoologist

Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), Bohemian botanist

Karl Stetter (born 1941), German microbiologist

Nettie Maria Stevens (1861–1912), American biologist

Edward Charles Stirling (1848–1919), Australian anthropologist

Gerald Stokell (1890–1972), New Zealand horticulturist and ichthyologist

Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (1749–1821), German naturalist

Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Strasb.)

Erwin Stresemann (1889–1972), German ornithologist

John Struthers (1823–1899), Scottish anatomist

Samuel Stutchbury (1798–1859), English naturalist and geologist

Carl Jakob Sundevall (1801–1875), Swedish zoologist

Mriganka Sur (born 1953), Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity

Henry Suter (1841–1918), New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and palaeontologist

William John Swainson (1789–1855), English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist

Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680), Dutch biologist and microscopist

Olof Swartz (1760–1816), Swedish botanist (abbr. in botany: Sw.)

Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), English naturalist

Colonel W. H. Sykes (1790–1872), English ornithologist

T

Wladyslaw Taczanowski (1819–1890), Polish zoologist

Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist

Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754–1803), Swedish naturalist

Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858), Dutch zoologist

Theophrastus (372 BC – 287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science

Johannes Thiele (1860–1935), German zoologist and malacologist

Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (1858–1929), British zoologist

Charles Wyville Thompson (1832–1882), Scottish marine biologist

William Thompson (1805–1852), Irish ornithologist and naturalist

Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (1758–1831), French botanist

Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist

Samuel Tickell (1811–1875), British ornithologist

Niko Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist

Agostino Todaro (1818–1892), Italian botanist

Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"

John Torrey (1796–1873), American botanist, first professional in New World

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), French botanist

John Kirk Townsend (1809–1851), American ornithologist

Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist

Abraham Trembley (1710–1784), Swiss naturalist

Melchior Treub (1851–1910), Dutch botanist

Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), English ornithologist

Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist

Édouard Louis Trouessart (1842–1927), French naturalist

Frederick W. True (1858–1914), American naturalist

George Washington Tryon Jr. (1838–1888), American malacologist

Bernard Tucker (1901–1950), English ornithologist

Edward Tuckerman (1817–1886), American botanist

Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory

Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), English ornithologist

Ruth Turner (1915–2000), marine biologist

William Turton (1762–1835), British naturalist

U

Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944), Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics

V

Martin Vahl (1749–1804), Norwegian botanist

Sebastien Vaillant (1669–1722), French botanist

Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865), French zoologist

Francisco Varela (1946–2001), Chilean biologist

Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism

Damodaran M. Vasudevan (born 1942), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist

Craig Venter (born 1946), American biologist and businessman

Edouard Verreaux (1810–1868), French naturalist

Jules Verreaux (1807–1873), French botanist and ornithologist

Addison Emery Verrill (1839–1926), American zoologist

Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748–1831), French ornithologist

Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785–1840), Irish zoologist

Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory

Oswaldo Vital Brazil (1865–1950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several antivenoms against snake, scorpion and spider bites

Bert Vogelstein (born 1949), American geneticist

Karel Voous (1920–2002), Dutch ornithologist

Mary Voytek, American biogeochemist and microbial ecologist

Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist

W

Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist

Coslett Herbert Waddell (1858–1919), Irish botanist

Jeremy Wade (born 1960) Writer and TV presenter with a special interest in rivers and freshwater fish.

Johann Georg Wagler (1800–1832), German herpetologist

Warren H. Wagner (1920–2000), American botanist

Göran Wahlenberg (1780–1851), Swedish naturalist

Selman Waksman (1888–1973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on antibiotics

Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771–1852), French entomologist

George Wald (1906–1997), American biologist, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on visual perception

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), British naturalist and biologist

Nathaniel Wallich (1786–1854), Danish botanist

Benjamin Dann Walsh (1808–1869), American entomologist

William Grey Walter (1910–1977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography

Deepal Warakagoda (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist

J. Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria

Charles Waterton (1782–1865), English naturalist

James D. Watson (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule

Philip Barker Webb (1793–1854), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Webb)

Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819–1877), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Wedd.)

Robert Weinberg (born 1942), American cancer biologist

August Weismann (1834–1914), German biologist

Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872), Austrian botanist

Karl Wernicke (1848–1905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered Wernicke's area

Victor Westhoff (1916–2001), Dutch botanist

Alexander Wetmore (1886–1978), American ornithologist

William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), American entomologist and myrmecologist

Gilbert White (1720–1795), English naturalist

John White (c. 1756–1832), English botanist

Robert Wiedersheim (1848–1923), German anatomist.

Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867), German explorer and biologist.

Hans Wiehler (1930–2003), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Wiehler)

Eric F. Wieschaus (born 1947), American developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner

Torsten Wiesel (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on information processing in the visual system

Charles Wilkes (1798–1877), American explorer and naturalist

Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812), German botanist and pharmacist (abbr. in botany: Willd.)

George C. Williams (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the gene-centric view of evolution

Francis Willughby (1635–1672), English ornithologist and ichthyologist

Alexander Wilson (1766–1813), Scottish-American ornithologist

David Sloan Wilson (born 1949), American evolutionary biologist

E. A. Wilson (1872–1912), English naturalist

Edward O. Wilson (born 1929), American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize

Sergei Winogradsky (1856–1953), Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept and discovered the biological process of nitrification

Caspar Wistar (1761–1818), American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is named after him

Henry Witherby (1873–1943), British ornithologist

William Withering (1741–1799), English botanist

Carl Woese (born 1928), American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major division of organisms

Felisa Wolfe-Simon, American biogeochemist and microbial geobiologist

Wong Siew Te (born 1969), Malaysian zoologist and Sun Bear expert

Flossie Wong-Staal (born 1947), American virologist

Sewall Wright (1889–1988), American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics

V. C. Wynne-Edwards (1906–1997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of group selection in evolution

X

John Xantus de Vesey (1825–1894), American zoologist

Y

William Yarrell (1784–1856), English naturalist

Z

Floyd Zaiger (born 1926), fruit geneticist

Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (1743–1815), German zoologist

Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839–1904), German palaeontologist

Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848), German botanist

Margarete Zuelzer (1877–1944), German biologist and zoologist