پوهاند - Professor
پوهنوال - Associate Professor
پوهندوی - Assistant Professor (Higher Rank)
پوهنمل - Assistant Professor (Lower Rank)
پوهنیار - Lecturer
پوهیالی - Assistant Lecturer
نامزد پوهنیار - Lecturer Candidate
نامزد پوهیالی - Assistant Lecturer Candidate
In Algeria, university teachers are initially recruited - on the basis of a competition - at the rank of Maître Assistant (Assistant Professor), only if they are holding a Doctoral degree from either local public universities or UNESCO officially accredited and internationally recognized foreign institutions of higher education . Not all foreign PhD's or academic titles are accepted or automatically given local equivalencies . Degree granting Universities and their doctoral programs (i.e.;courses & dissertation) are first evaluated by the National Ministry of higher education equivalency committee before an official equivalency decision to the Algerian Doctorate is granted . After a minimum of three years and - on the basis of a competition based on teaching and scholarly work - assistant professors are allowed to apply to compete for promotion to the rank of Maître de Conférences (Associate Professor). After a minimum of five years, they can similarly - on the basis of a competition based on teaching and scholarly work - apply for promotion to the rank of Professeur de l'Enseignement Superieur (Full Professor). All applications for the competition to promotion competitions are first evaluated and ranked by the University scientific committees at faculty and university levels, then by the Ministry of higher education promotion committee before an official promotion decision is to be granted . The whole process (French system legacy) is quite long and extremely competitive, and does not allow for automatic rank equivalency for professors transferring from overseas universities, the lengthy process repeat from assistant professor upwards to professor is inevitable, exceptions made to officially invited visiting professors who are well-known experts in their fields of expertise.
Source: Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research - Algiers
Level A - Associate Lecturer; equivalent to Lecturer/Assistant Professor at a US university or Lecturer at a UK university.
Level B - Lecturer; equivalent to Assistant Professor at a US university or Senior Lecturer at a UK university.
Level C - Senior Lecturer; equivalent to Associate Professor at a US university or Senior/Principal Lecturer at a UK university.
Level D - Associate Professor; equivalent to Associate Professor with tenure at a US university or Reader at a UK university.
Level E - Professor; equivalent to Full Professor (with a Chair) at a US university or Professor at a UK university.
Teachers are categorized in four main classes in Bangladesh at University level. The ascending rank of teacher is Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Professor. The initial position Lecturer is generally enrolled as the top student of the class. Master's degree is required for normal university level Lecturer. After PhD, the appointment starts with Assistant Professor, then gradually Associate Professor and Professor depending on research/teaching experience. Beside these, professor of Emeritus is given to extraordinary professor after their retirement.
Professor emeritus
Professor
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
Demonstrator
Gewoon hoogleraar (full professor, full-time) (professor ordinarius)
Deeltijds gewoon hoogleraar (part-time full professor) (previously: professor extraordinarius)
Hoogleraar (professor)
Hoofddocent (associate professor)
Docent (assistant professor)
Doctor-assistent (postdoc research assistant)
Assistent (research assistant)
Administrative ranks
Rector
Vice-Rector
Decaan (dean, i.e. head of a faculty)
Professeur ordinaire (full professor)
Professeur extraordinaire (visiting professor in Switzerland, part-time professor in Belgium)
Professeur (professor)
Chargé de cours définitif (associate professor, tenured)
Chargé de cours temporaire (associate professor, tenure-track)
Chargé de cours invité (visiting assistant professor, non-tenured)
Maître de conférences (associate professor, tenured)
Directeur de recherche (research director, appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Chef de travaux agrégé (senior researcher with teaching aggregation, with Ph.D.)
Maître de Conférences (senior researcher, with Ph.D., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Chef de travaux (senior researcher, with Ph.D.)
Chercheur qualifié (senior researcher., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Premier assistant (senior research assistant, with Ph.D.)
Chargé de recherche (researcher, typically post.doc., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Assistant de recherche (research assistant)
Administrative ranks
Recteur (president of university)
Vice-Recteur
Doyen (dean, i.e. head of a faculty, elected)
Président d'institut (director of research institute, elected)
Vice-Doyen (vice-dean, i.e. head of studies in a faculty)
Président de département (department head, elected)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Asistent - assistant (Must hold at least Masters Degree with excellent grades. Relevant working experience could be required as well)
Docent - assistant professor (Must hold PhD, Doctorate or pre-Bologna Magister Degree with evidence of further study to doctoral level. Relevant working experience could be required as well)
Vanredni profesor - associate professor (Must hold PhD or Doctorate and have experience of minimum of four years as a Docent)
Profesor - full professor (Must hold PhD or Doctorate and have experience of minimum of four years as a Docent)
Administrative ranks
Rektor - rector / chancellor / head of university
Prorektor - prorector / vice-chancellor / head of university assistant
Dekan - dean / head of faculty or school at the university
Prodekan - vice-dean / head of faculty or school at the university
Šef katedre - head of department
Honorary ranks
Profesor emeritus - professor emeritus
There is no official academic ranking in Brazilian private universities. However, most of the public Federal Universities apply the following (from the highest position to the lowest one):
Professor Emérito (professor emeritus)
Professor Titular (full professor) - PhD required
Professor Associado (associate professor) - PhD required
Professor Adjunto (assistant professor) - PhD required
Professor Assistente (lecturer) - only a master's degree is required
Professor Auxiliar (assistant lecturer) - no post-graduation degree is required
Professor Substituto ou Temporário (temporary lecturer)
Assistant professor – Асистент
Chief assistant professor – Главен Асистент
Docent – Доцент – associate professor
Professor – Професор – full professor
University
Assistant professor – Асистент
Chief assistant professor – Главен Асистент
Docent – Доцент – associate professor
Professor – Професор – full professor
Academy of Sciences
Scientist III: after Master thesis or Diploma, equal to Assistant
Scientist II: after Doctoral thesis/PhD/Dissertation, after Dr. Grade (3–5 or 7 years work after Master), equal Chef Assistant, *Associate or Post Doc
Scientist I: After second Post Doc (1 or 2 years work after PhD/Dr), equal Senior Assistant or Senior Associate.
Senior Scientist I: after PhD (USA, UK....) or Doctoral dissertation/thesis (France, Germany, Russia...) and some years of *Post-Doc, equal of Assoc. Prof.
Senior Scientist II: after Habilitation, equal to Professor
Full Professor
Higher administration of the academy of sciences
Member of correspondence for the Academy of Science (after professor/habilitation), very rare
Academic: after member of correspondence (for the entire of Bulgaria).
Administrative ranks
Rector
Vice-rectors
Assistant rector
Secretary general
Academic ombudsman
Faculty appointment
Distinguished professor or university professor (distinguished professor emeritus, university professor emeritus; Fr professeur émérite)
Professor or full professor (research professor, professor of practice, visiting professor, adjunct professor, professor emeritus; Fr professeur titulaire)
Associate professor (research associate professor, visiting associate professor, adjunct associate professor; Fr professeur agrégé)
Senior Lecturer (teaching professor)
Assistant professor (research assistant professor, adjunct assistant professor; Fr professeur adjoint)
Lecturer or instructor (sessional lecturer or sessional instructor; Fr chargé de cours)
Assistant professor is the entry-level rank for non-tenured members of faculty.
Non-faculty teaching and research personnel
Senior fellow, senior research fellow or senior scientist / Fr chercheur sénior
Fellow, research fellow or scientist / Fr chercheur
Research supervisor or principal investigator / Fr directeur de recherche
Research associate or postdoctoral associate / Fr associé de recherche
Research assistant or teaching assistant / Fr auxiliaire de recherche
Administrative ranks
Dean (often also full professors)
Associate dean (often also full professors)
Directors of administrative departments
Associate/assistant directors of administrative departments
Chairs of academic departments (usually full professors)
Graduate Coordinators
Undergraduate Coordinators
Full professor (正教授）
Associate professor （副教授）
Lecturer（讲师）
Assistant Lecturer/Associate Lecturer（助教）
Redoviti profesor u trajnom zvanju equivalent to distinguished professor (prof. dr. sc. Name Surname)
Redoviti profesor equivalent to full professor (prof. dr. sc. Name Surname)
Izvanredni profesor equivalent to associate professor (prof. dr. sc. Name Surname)
Docent equivalent to assistant professor (doc. dr. sc. Name Surname)
Viši asistent equivalent to teaching/research assistant, PhD (dr. sc. Name Surname)
Asistent equivalent to teaching/research assistant, usually a PhD student
Viši predavač equivalent to senior lecturer
Predavač equivalent to lecturer
Honorary academic rank
Professor emeritus - awarded to some full professors in retirement
Administrative ranks
Rektor equivalent to rector, head of university (in USA equivalent to president of university)
Prorektor equivalent to prorector, assistant to head of university (in USA equivalent to vice-president of university)
Dekan equivalent to dean, head of faculty or school in university
Prodekan equivalent to vice-dean, assistant to dean
Pročelnik odsjeka equivalent to department chair
Predstojnik zavoda equivalent to head of department
Predstojnik katedre equivalent to head of chair
Tenured:
Professor (Professor Titular)(full/part-time, PhD required)
Auxiliary Professor (Professor Auxiliar)(full/part-time)
Teaching Assistant (Assistante)(full/part-time)
Lecturer (Instructor)(full/part-time)
Tenure-track faculty positions
Professor
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Lecturer
Non-tenure track positions
Special teaching personnel
Special scientists
Teachers are categorized in five main classes in Egypt at University level. The ascending rank of teacher is Demonstrator, Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer, Associate Professor and Professor. The initial position Demonstrator is generally enrolled as the top student of the class. Master's degree is required for university level Assistant Lecturer. After PhD, the appointment starts with Lecturer, then gradually Associate Professor and Professor depending on research/teaching experience. Beside these, professor of Emeritus is given to extraordinary professor after their retirement.
OSTATH MOTAFAREGH (أستاذ متفرغ), equivalent to professor emeritus.
OSTATH (أستاذ) (the "TH" pronounced like in the word "THE"), equivalent to professor (usually after minimum of five years serving as OSTATH MOSAED as well as publishing certain number of research papers)
OSTATH(the "TH" pronounced like in the word "THE") MOSAED (أستاذ مساعد), equivalent to associate professor.
MODARESS (مدرس), Lecturer (must have a PhD degree)
MODARESS MOSAED (مدرس مساعد), Assistant Lecturer (must have a master's degree)
MOA'ED (معيد), or Teaching Assistant- also called demonstrator- (must have a bachelor's degree; usually graduated top of the class).
Emeriitprofessor (professor emeritus)
Professor
Dotsent (associate professor)
Lektor (lecturer)
Õpetaja (teacher)
Academic Positions
Emeritus Professor
Professor
Associate Professor
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
Administrative Positions
Chancellor
Pro-chancellor / Council Chair
Vice-chancellor/ President/ Rector
Pro-vice-chancellor/ Vice President/ Vice Rector
Provost
Deans of faculties/ schools
Vice Deans of faculties/ schools
Heads of departments
Registration Officer
Examination Officer
Professor Emeritus (Greek: Ομότιμος Καθηγητής (male) / Ομότιμος Καθηγήτρια or Ομότιμη Καθηγήτρια (female)).
Αn honorary title for people at the rank of Professor who have reached the legal age for retirement; If they wish, they have the right, for a limited time after retirement, to continue their research projects.
Professor (Καθηγητής (male) / Καθηγήτρια (female)).
Associate Professor (Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής (male) / Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια (female)).
Assistant Professor (Επίκουρος Καθηγητής (male) / Επίκουρος Καθηγήτρια or Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια (female)).
Lecturer (in Universities and Technical Universities: Λέκτορας (both male and female)/ in Technological Educational Institutes: Καθηγητής Εφαρμογών (male) / Καθηγήτρια Εφαρμογών (female)). In Universities and Technical Universities this academic rank existed only from 1982 to 2011, but people holding the rank remain as teaching staff until retirement.
Adjunct Assistant Professor (Εντεταλμένος Επίκουρος Καθηγητής (male) / Εντεταλμένη Επίκουρος Καθηγήτρια or Εντεταλμένη Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια (female) or Adjunct Lecturer (Εντεταλμένος Λέκτορας (male) / Εντεταλμένη Λέκτορας (female).)
A temporary employee with a short-term contract, usually for one semester, usually holder of a Ph.D. as described in the Greek Presidential Decree 407/1980. Adjunct Lecturers and Adjunct Assistant Professors are sometimes called simply as "407" or "P.D. 407", after the number of the Decree.
Teaching assistant.
This rank was abolished in 1982, but people holding it remain teaching assistants until retirement.
Administrative ranks (Universities and Technical Universities)
Rector (Πρύτανης).
Vice-rector (Αντιπρύτανης).
Secretary General (Γενικός Γραμματέας (male) / Γενική Γραμματέας (female)).
Dean (Κοσμήτορας)
Deputy Dean (Αναπληρωτής Κοσμήτορας (male) / Αναπληρώτρια Κοσμήτορας (female)).
Chairman of the Department (Πρόεδρος Τμήματος).
Deputy Chairman of the Department (Αντιπρόεδρος Τμήματος).
Director of the Section (Διευθυντής Τομέα (male) / Διευθύντρια Τομέα (female)).
The holders of administrative ranks must be Professors or Associate Professors. The only exception is Secretary General, who is not a faculty member.
Administrative ranks (Technological Educational Institutes)
President (Πρόεδρος).
Vice-president (Αντιπρόεδρος).
Secretary General (Γενικός Γραμματέας (male) / Γενική Γραμματέας (female)).
Director of the School (Διευθυντής Σχολής (male) / Διεθύντρια Σχολής (female)).
Supervisor of the Department (Προϊστάμενος Τμήματος (male) / Προϊσταμένη Τμήματος (female)).
Director of the Section (Διευθυντής Τομέα (male) / Διευθύντρια Τομέα (female)).
The holders of administrative ranks must be Professors or Associate Professors.
Professor Emeritus (on retirement)
Professor
Reader
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer II
Lecturer I
Assistant Lecturer
Tutor
Laboratory Demonstrator
Administrative ranks
Chancellor
Vice-chancellor/president
Deputy vice-chancellor
Registrar
Deputy Registrar
Deans of Faculties
Heads of Departments/Schools
Academic ranks
In the past, Hong Kong followed the British system (4 levels). In recent years it is moving towards the North American counterpart, with the titles renamed to their corresponding equivalence (professor, associate professor, and assistant professor). Institutions established in the 1980s and 1990s almost entirely follows the North American system, while older ones, notably the University of Hong Kong is in the process of transition. Depending on institutions, the title of "professor" is assumed by chair professors and professors, or assistant professors and above.
Chair professor
Emeritus professor
Honorary professor
Professor
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Lecturer
Research assistant professor
Post-doctoral fellow
Adjunct (associate/assistant) professor
Professional consultant or teaching consultant/fellow
Research associate
Research assistant and teaching assistant (or tutor, instructor, demonstrator)
Postgraduate or graduate
Undergraduate
Administrative ranks
Chancellor (titular, normally the Chief Executive (formerly the Governor) of Hong Kong) or president in the Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Pro-chancellor (titular, only for the University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
Vice-chancellor or president (or vice president principal in the Hong Kong Shue Yan University): being the chief executive of the institutution
Deputy vice-chancellor (as the first among pro-vice-chancellors in the University of Hong Kong)
Pro-vice-chancellors or vice-presidents or deputy presidents
Associate pro-vice-chancellors (as in the Chinese University of Hong Kong) or Associate vice-president (as in the Hong Kong Baptist University, the Lingnan University, the Hong Kong Shue Yan University, and the Hong Kong Institute of Education)
Registrar
Provost (for some universities)
Deans of faculties / schools
Heads (or directors) of departments / schools
Iceland
In Icelandic universities, especially The University of Iceland, prófessor is the most senior ranking teaching position. Below prófessor is dósent, then lektor. This three step hierarchy is akin to the US-scale, of full-, associate- and assistant-professors. Until the early 1990s no upward mobility was available in the Icelandic system. Most university teachers were hired as "prófessor." A "dósent" or a "lektor" wishing to ascend to a higher rank had to apply for a new position when it became available. Currently (since the 1990s) much more university teachers are hired as junior rank "lektor" and are promoted to "dósent" and "prófessor" if their work proves worthy of it.
Prófessor
Dósent (associate-professors)
Lektor (assistant-professors)
Regular Academic ranks (Hierarchy from top): Academic institutions in India have the mandate of teaching, training and research. This also includes research universities.
- Professor
- Associate Professor
- Assistant Professor
- In addition to these, there are government sponsored fellowships such as Ramanujan & Ramalingaswami. The fellowship is awarded to able candidates for a 5-year contract period during which they are hosted by an academic or research organisation. Their primary function is to carry out high quality original research. They may become a regular faculty as an assistant professor or associate professor during this period subject to their performance.
- Assistant Professor (on contract) / Adhoc faculty - They are primarily involved in teaching for a limited contract period typically 6 months - 1 year.
Research ranks (Hierarchy from top): Research institutions such as national labs have a different kind of hierarchy and are primarily concerned with basic and applied research. They guide Ph.D students in their research thesis but do not grant degrees. In most cases the Ph.D candidates are registered with another University which grants the degree. Awarding of degree is subjected to meeting the same criteria as Ph.D guided by university professors.
- Scientist H
- Scientist G
- Scientist F
- Scientist E (in some cases EII)
- Scientist D (in some cases EI)
- Scientist C
- Scientist B
Non-faculty ranks
- Research associate (postdoctoral fellows)
- Senior research fellow (Ph.D students after completing two years of course work and research)
- Junior research fellow (Newly joined Ph.D candidates)
Administrative ranks in Universities
- Chancellor
- Vice Chancellor
- Pro Vice Chancellor
- Deans / Directors
- Chairs / HODs / Wardens
Administrative ranks in Research Institutions
- Director General
- Director
- Chair of Departments / Divisions
Academic ranks There are 4 academic ranks which can be categorized to 9 main levels with one or more rates within each rank.
- Asisten Ahli (Associate Lecturer, rates: 100, 150)
- Lektor (Lecturer, rates: 200, 300)
- Lektor Kepala (Senior Lecturer, rates: 400, 550, 700)
- Guru Besar (professor)
- Guru Besar Madya (Associate Professor) - Rate 850
- Guru Besar (Professor) - Rate 1050
Administrative ranks (university)
Rektor (Rector)
Wakil Rektor (Vice Rector)
Dekan (Dean)
Wakil Dekan (Vice Dean)
Ketua Jurusan (Head of Department)
Kepala Program Studi (Head of Programme)
Holders of master's degrees when granted to teach in a college:
Instructor (in Persian: مربی, transliteration: morabbi)
Holders of Ph.D. degrees:
Assistant professor (in Persian: استادیار, transliteration: ostādyār)
Associate professor (in Persian: دانشیار, transliteration: dāneshyār)
Professor (in Persian: استاد, transliteration: ostād)
distinguished Professor (in Persian: استاد ممتاز, transliteration: ostād-e momtāz')
Emeritus ranks
Emeritus professor
Fellow
Administrative ranks
Chancellor
Dean
Head of department
Holders of master's degrees can be (in ascending order):
Assistant lecturer (محاضر مساعد)
Lecturer (محاضر)
Assistant professor (أستاذ مساعد)
Professor (أستاذ)
Holders of PhD degrees can be (in ascending order):
Lecturer (محاضر)
Assistant professor (أستاذ مساعد)
Professor (أستاذ)
Note: Holders of PhD degrees are automatically promoted to lecturer if they were assistant lecturers before they received their PhD.
استاذ equivalent to professor.
استاذ مساعد equivalent to associate professor.
مدرس equivalent to assistant professor in American Universities (with PhD) or with researches.
مدرس مساعد Assistant lecturer (without PhD).
Academic:
Professor Emeritus
Professor Min Haminyan (Full Professor)
Professor Chaver (Associate Professor)
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Administrative Ranks:
President
Rector
Dean
Department Chair
Tenured or non-tenured faculty
Professor emeritus, Meiyo Kyōju (名誉教授)
Professor, Kyōju (教授)
Associate professor, Junkyōju (准教授)
Lecturer / Instructor, Kōshi (講師)
Assistant professor / Research Associate, Jokyō (助教) (previously, Joshu (助手))
The Japanese system includes non-tenure, term-limited, tokunin (特任) positions at all ranks, including professor. These are referred to as ninki tsuki (任期付き) positions and officially include tokunin in the title. Limited tenure track positions (similar to the United States) have recently been introduced ("tenure". 国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構. Retrieved 15 June 2015. ). In this system Jokyō (助教) corresponds to assistant professor. A major difference between the United States system and Japan is that granting of tenure and promotion to associate professor are not linked; one may be tenured yet remain an assistant professor. Advancing upward typically requires a higher-level post to be vacated, even in the new tenure-track system.
Administrative positions:
Rektors (male), Rektore (female) (rector)
Dekāns (male), Dekāne (female) (dean), head of a faculty (human sciences, natural sciences etc.)
Nodaļas vadītājs (male) Nodaļas vadītāja (female) (department manager), head of a department (computer science, mathematics etc.)
Academic positions:
Profesors (male) Profesore (female) Professor
Asociētais profesors (male) Asociētā profesore (female) associate professor
Docents (male), Docente (female) (assistant professor), usually almost the same teaching/research/administration division as professor, Doctoral Degree required
Lektors (male), Lektore (female) Lecturer. Requires MA degree
Asistents (male), Asistente (female) research or teaching assistant
Academic positions at the Lebanese American University:
Instructor
Senior Instructor
Lecturer
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Distinguished Professor
Professor (أستاذ)
Associate professor (أستاذ مشارك)
Assistant professor (أستاذ مساعد)
Lecturer (محاضر)
Assistant lecturer (محاضر مساعد )
At the University of Macau there are nine levels of faculty rank, namely
Chair professor,
Distinguished professor,
Professor,
Associate professor,
Assistant professor
Senior lecturer
Lecturer
Senior instructor
Instructor
At the Macau Polytechnic Institute there are three levels
professor (professor coordenador)
associate professor (professor adjuncto)
lecturer (assistente)
Demonstrator, Демонстратор-(Graduate employee in a university)
Younger assistant, Помлад Асистент-(B.Sc.)
Assistant, Асистент-(M.Sc.)
Docent, Доцент-(Ph.D.)
Vonreden Professor, Вонреден Професор-(associate professor)
Professor, Професор-(full-time professor)
Professor emeritus, Пензиониран Професор-(retired professor)
Academic, Академик-(academician)
Administrative positions:
Pomlad referent, Помлад референт- (Younger Civil Servant) -High School Diploma
Referent, Референт- (Civil Servant) -High School Diploma
Postar Referent, Постар Референт- (Senior Civil Servant) -High School Diploma
Pomlad Sorabotnik, Помлад Соработник- (Younger Associate) -Associate Degree
Sorabotnik, Соработник- (Аssociate) -Associate Degree
Postar Sorabotnik, Постар Соработник- (Senior Associate) -Associate Degree
Rakovoditel na studentski prasanja, Раководител на студентски прашања- (Head of Students Affairs) -Bachelor's degree
Rakovoditel na katedra/institut, Раководител на катедра/институт- (Head of Department/Institute) -Ph.D.
Prodekan, Продекан- (Vice Dean) -Ph.D.
Dekan, Декан- (Dean) -Ph.D.
Prorektor, Проректор- (Vice Rector) -Ph.D.
Rektor, Ректор- (Rector) -Ph.D.
Professor
Associate Professor
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
The ranking system in most Mexican public universities is as follows
Professor Asociado A (early assistant professor or senior postdoc)
Professor Asociado B (early assistant professor or senior postdoc)
Professor Asociado C (early assistant professor or senior postdoc)
Professor Titular A (equivalent to assistant professor or lecturer)
Professor Titular B (equivalent to associate professor or reader)
Professor Titular C (equivalent to full professor or professor)
Professor Emerito (equivalent to distinguished professor, not to be confused with emeritus professor)
Usually Mexican academics are also fellows of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI) that has four levels (candidate, I, II and III) that more or less correlate (but are not equivalent) to the Asociado and Titular A, B, and C professorships. The rank as professor is determined by the individual's institution while the SNI level is determined by an independent committee that evaluates the researchers nationwide. Thus for research institutions a SNI I researcher level would roughly be equivalent to a postdoc or 'assistant professor', a SNI II equivalent to an associate professor and a SNI III equivalent to a full professor.
Also:
Professor emeritus (not higher rank but lifetime title)
Full-time researcher
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Often described (in Spanish) as Associate Professor (professor asociado) A, B or C (indicating their level from lower to higher)
Research titles are linked to the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores given by the national research council (Conacyt):
SNI emeritus researcher (not necessarily higher rank but lifetime, requires 15 years in SNI III)
SNI III researcher
SNI II researcher
SNI I researcher
SNI candidate researcher (C)
All titles, both professors and researchers, can be given in a:
Full-time, or
Part-time basis
Administrative academic positions:
Rector
Director of Faculty or College
Coordinator
Academic Positions
Emeritus Professor (retired)
Professor
Associate Professor / Reader
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer I
Lecturer II
Assistant Lecturer
Graduate Assistant
Administrative Positions
Chancellor
Pro-chancellor
Vice-chancellor
Deputy vice-chancellor
Pro-vice-chancellor
Deans of faculties(some are referred to as provost)
Heads of departments/schools
Department/school directors of studies
Academic Positions
1. Professor Emeritus
2. Associate professor
3. Assistant Professor
4. Lecturer
5. Teaching Assistant
6. Instructor
7. Technical support staff
Administrative Positions
Chancellor
Pro-chancellor
Vice-chancellor
Rector
Registrar
Deans of School
Heads of department
Program Coordinator
The hiring of academic positions in public universities throughout Pakistan is managed by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, the requirement for all positions vary with respect to the field of studies e.g. Engineering, IT, Medical, Law, and Arts and Design.
There are four faculty ranks lecturer, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor.
In engineering public universities, a lecturer requires a M.Sc. or B.Sc. degree and high academic standing in the field (e.g. gold medallist, among top 15 students of graduating class). An assistance professor position requires a Ph.D. in relevant field and at least two years of teaching/research/professional experience. An associate professorship can be conducted in the fourth year of employment, although, it is becoming more common for promotion and tenure to be awarded in the sixth year of employment. The review requires a certain number 5/8/10 research publications (with at least 1/2/4 publications in the last 5 years) by the calendar years 2007/2008/2012 respectively, in HEC/PEC recognized journals.
A professor requires ten years post-PhD teaching/research experience in an HEC recognized university or a post-graduate institution or professional experience in the relevant field in a national or international organization. It requires a minimum of 8/12/15 research publications (with at least 2/3/5 publications in the last 5 years) by the calendar years 2007/2008/2012 respectively, in HEC/PEC recognized journals
Professor Emeritus
Meritorious Professor/ Distinguished National Professor
Professor
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Lecturer
Lab Engineer
Research Associate
Professor I-VI
Associate Professor I-VI
Assistant Professor I-VI
Instructor I-VI
Lecturer (other Universities/Colleges)
Guest Lecturer (other Universities/Colleges)
(Ranks reach up to the 12th level at the University of the Philippines)
Dedication rank
Exclusive dedication professor
Full-time professor
Contracted professor
Administrative ranks (UP System;National)
Chancellor/University President
Vice Chancellor/Vice President for Planning and Development
Vice Chancellor/Vice President for Research and Extension
Vice Chancellor/Vice President for Academic Affairs
Vice Chancellor/Vice President for Finance and Management
University Registrar
Dean
Assistant Dean/Associate Dean
Department Chairman/Program Chairperson
Faculty Members and Staff
Other professors
Professor-researcher
Researcher
Professor Emeritus
Ad honorem professor
Poland
Research-and-teaching staff (higher rank)
(pl 'asystent') - research-and-teaching assistant / research-and-teaching fellow (hold master's degree)
(pl 'adiunkt') - assistant professor (requires PhD)
(pl 'docent') - senior lecturer (requires PhD or habilitation), (a new position, since 2007 optional and only in some universities, does not involve any research duties and is meant mainly for teaching). Until 1987 a position between assistant professor and associate professor.
(pl 'profesor nadzwyczajny') - associate professor (requires habilitation), according to German nomenclature sometimes called "professor extraordinarius"
(pl 'profesor zwyczajny') - full professor (requires the professor title, which is an academic title, not an academic position), sometimes called "professor ordinarius"
and also for a special purpose:
(pl 'profesor wizytujący')- visiting professor
(pl 'profesor emerytowany')- professor emeritus
Teaching staff: (lower rank)
(pl 'instruktor') - instructor (sport)
(pl 'lektor') - instructor, foreign language teacher
(pl 'wykładowca') - lecturer
(pl 'starszy wykładowca') - senior lecturer (please note the same term is used for both "docent" and "starszy wykładowca"
Elected or nominated posts
Rector (Rektor) - the principal head of the university (one per university); usually assisted by several deputy rectors (pl prorektor)
Dean (Dziekan); the principal head of the faculty (one per faculty), usually assisted by several deputy deans (pl prodziekan);
Head (Kierownik) - the head of the institute/department/chair (one per organizational unit)
Administrative ranks
Rector (Rector): one per university
Prorector (Vice-rector): one or more per university
Decan (Dean): one per college
Prodecan (Vice-dean): one or more per college
Director de departament (Head of department): one per department
Șef de catedră (Head of department): one per department
Research-and-teaching staff (higher rank)
Profesor universitar (Professor): he/she has a doctorate degree international-impact research activity
Conferențiar universitar (Associate professor): he/she has a doctorate degree and national-impact research activity
Lector universitar or Șef de lucrări (Assistant professor): he/she has a doctorate degree and local-impact research activity
and also for a special purpose:
Profesor vizitator (Visiting professor)
Profesor emerit or Profesor consultant (Emeritus professor)
Teaching staff (lower rank)
Asistent universitar (Instructor): he/she has a doctorate degree
Preparator universitar (Associate Instructor): he/she finalized master's degree and needs a doctorate degree [this position type became obsolete in 2015, according to the Romanian legislation]
Profesor (professor), both degree (written prof. before name) and position. Professors are appointed by the president after a successful accomplishment of the process of awarding a professorship. One of the requirements is an already accomplished docent degree.
Docent (associate professor), both degree (written doc. before name) and position. The degree is awarded by the rector after a certain amount of years of teaching and after a successful accomplishment of habilitácia (a process concluded by a defense of a reviewed research manuscript and a public lecture).
Odborný asistent (lecturer / researcher), this title covers positions from lecturers to researchers. Requirements for lecturers / researchers vary, usually a Ph.D. / Th.D. is required
Asistent (assistant lecturer), at least Master degree is required
Special
Hosťujúci profesor (hosting professor), significant expert with whom a dean with the approval of the scientific council of a faculty concluded employment at the position of professor
Hosťujúci docent (hosting associate professor), significant expert with whom a dean with the approval of the scientific council of a faculty concluded employment at the position of associate professor
Mimoriadny profesor (adjunct professor; sometimes also translated as associate professor, but it is not same position as docent), associate professor temporarily appointed to the position of professor at a faculty while being an expectant to professor degree (written mimoriadny profesor after name)
Administrative
Rektor (rector), head of the university
Prorektor (vice-rector), typically 3 to 5 people are vice-rectors; the position is further specified by indicating domain a vice-rector is responsible for (e. g. study-related issues, research, public relationships, international relationships, development, information technology)
Kvestor (registrar, bursar), senior professional financial administrator of the university
Dekan (dean), head of a faculty
Prodekan (vice-dean); the position is further specified by indicating domain a vice-den is responsible for (e. g. admissions, study-related issues, research, public relationships, international relationships, information technology)
Riaditeľ (director), head of a sub-unit at the university or a faculty (institute, research center), e. g. Institute of Life-Long Learning of the Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Education and Sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University
Vedúci katedry (departmental chair), head of a katedra (department) – sub-unit at a faculty
Zástupca vedúceho katedry (deputy departmental chair), deputizes department chair if necessary
Honorary ranks
Emeritný profesor (professor emeritus), may be awarded by the rector on the proposal of the scientific council of the university for significant contributions in the field of science, art or education to professor older than 65 years who is no longer employment at the university, but is still active in research and teaching
Doctor honoris causa (honorary doctor for the sake of the honor), honorary doctorate of the university or a faculty awarded for special merit (written Dr.h.c. before name)
Asistent - assistant (Must hold at least Master (after Bologna process) or Honours degree (university diploma awarded before the Bologna process) with excellent grades, pursuing a postgraduate studies (either Doctorate / PhD studies or pre-Bologna process Magister studies). Relevant working experience or publications could be required as well)
Asistent-raziskovalec - research assistant (Must hold at least Master (after Bologna process) or Honours degree (university diploma awarded before the Bologna process) with excellent grades, pursuing a postgraduate studies (either Doctorate / PhD studies or pre-Bologna process Magister studies). Relevant working experience or publications could be required as well)
Lektor (usually a native speaker of a taught language)
Docent - assistant professor (Must hold Doctorate / PhD. Relevant working experience or publications could be required as well.)
Izredni profesor - associate professor (Must hold PhD or Doctorate and have experience of minimum of four years as a Docent)
Redni profesor - full professor (Must hold PhD or Doctorate and have experience of minimum of four years as a Docent)
Administrative ranks
Rektor - rector / chancellor / head of university
Prorektor - prorector / vice-chancellor / head of university assistant
Dekan - dean / head of faculty, academy or school at the university
Prodekan - vice-dean / head of faculty, academy or school at the university
Predstojnik oddelka - head of department; several per faculty, academy or school at the university
Honorary ranks
Zaslužni profesor - distinguished professor, a title bestowed to professors for their extraordinary achievements
Protected job titles (aka tenure positions):
(Full) professor (정교수/교수)
Associate professor (부교수)
Assistant professor (조교수)
Full-time instructor (전임 강사) : In some universities, this rank is missed and full-time academic career begins with the assistant professor rank.
Other positions:
Part-time instructor (시간 강사)
Research professor (연구 교수)
Clinical professor (임상 교수)
Adjunct professor (겸임 교수)
Teaching assistant professor ( 강의전문 조교수)
Collegiate professor
Visiting professor (객원 교수/초빙 교수)
Chaired professor (석좌 교수)
Emeritus professor (명예 교수)
The appointment of professors follows the British system and is governed by the University Grants Commission regulations. A points-based system considers contributions to the research field, national development and institutional development. Several types of professorships exist:
Professor emeritus (on retirement at the age of 65)
Senior professor
Professor
Associate professor
Professor positions are clearly separated from other junior faculty positions such as, in seniority order: senior lecturer (grade I) (usually PhD and 6+ years service), senior lecturer (grade II) (usually a PhD and 2+ years service), lecturer (usually with PhD), lecturer (probationary), assistant lecturer.
Professor emeritus (on retirement)
Senior professor
Professor
Associate professor
Senior lecturer
Lecturer
Temporary Assistant lecturer
Instructor/ demonstrator
Student instructor (undergrad)
Administrative ranks
Chancellor (titular)
Vice-chancellor/president
Registrar
Deans of faculties
Heads of departments/schools
Directors of Postgraduate Institutes
The academic rankings in the Syrian Arab Republic are very similar to the Egyptian ones; see Academic ranks in Egypt for details.
Hilfassistent/innen: Undergraduate research assistant / Undergraduate teaching assistant
Assistent/innen: research assistant (typically a PhD student)
Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter/innen: Scientific Staff (Note: typically synonymous with "Assistent/innen")
Postdoc: Postdoc (i.e., after PhD)
Oberassistent/innen: senior researcher/lecturer (typically after 1–2 years as a postdoc)
Lehrbeauftragte: lecturer / adjunct professor
Gastdozent/innen: visiting lecturer
Assistenzprofessor: assistant professor (requires PhD)
Privatdozent/innen: senior lecturer (has the habilitation but not professorship)
Professor: full professor (ordinary and extraordinary)
Professeur ordinaire (full professor, chair)
Professeur extraordinaire
Professeur invité
Professeur associé (associate professor literally, yet functions as full professor or reader, non-chair, tenured)
Professeur assistant (assistant professor literally, yet functions as associate professor, tenure-track)
Chargé de cours (senior lecturer, yet functions as associate professor, tenure-track)
Privat docent (has the habilitation but not professorship, required for tenure-track)
Maître-Assistant (assistant professor or lecturer, non-tenured)
Assistant (lecturer, usually a graduate student)
Moniteur (undergraduate student)
Professor emeritus
Professor
Associate professor
Assistant professor (assistant professor and above are mainly for people who hold a PhD degree. Some are promoted to this rank by distinctive industrial performance.)
Lecturer
Adjunct professor
Adjunct associate professor
Adjunct assistant professor (According to the contract work, and less welfare. Usually 1 to 2 years.)
Adjunct researcher
Trinidad and Tobago
Professor Emeritus
Professor
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
Instructor
Graduate/Research Assistant
Professeur ordinaire (full professor)
Professeur extraordinaire (full professor)
Professeur (professor)
Chargé de cours définitif (associate professor, tenured)
Chargé de cours temporaire (assistant professor, tenure-track)
Chargé de cours invité (visiting assistant professor, non-tenured)
Maître de conférences (associate professor, tenured)
Directeur de recherche (research director, appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Chef de travaux agrégé (senior researcher with teaching aggregation, with Ph.D.)
Maître de Conférences (senior researcher, with Ph.D., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Chef de travaux (senior researcher, with Ph.D.)
Chercheur qualifié (senior researcher., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Premier assistant (senior research assistant, with Ph.D.)
Chargé de recherche (researcher, typically post.doc., appointed by federal research council FNRS)
Assistant de recherche (research assistant)
Administrative ranks
Recteur (president of university)
Vice-Recteur
Doyen (dean, i.e. head of a faculty, elected)
Président d'institut (director of research institute, elected)
Vice-Doyen (vice-dean, i.e. head of studies in a faculty)
Président de département (department head, elected)
Academic ranks
Profesör(Full professor)
Doçent, (Associate professor)
Yardımcı Doçent, (Assistant professor)
Öğretim Görevlisi, (Lecturer)
Okutman, (Instructor)
Araştırma Görevlisi, (Research/teaching assistant)
Administrative ranks
Rektör, rector or president (professors)
Rektör Yardımcısı, vice-rector or vice-president (professors)
Fakülte Dekanı, dean of the faculty (associate professor or above)
Enstitü müdürü, Director of the institute (assistant professor or above)
Dekan Yardımcısı, vice-dean or associate dean (associate professor or above)
Enstitü müdür yardımcısı, Deputy director of the institute (assistant professor or above)
Bölüm Başkanı, head of department (assistant professor or above)
Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanı, chair of academic programs (assistant professor or above)
Academic ranks
Profesor / Професор (Full professor)
Docent / Доцент (Associate professor)
Starshyj naukovyj doslidnyk (spivrobitnyk) / Старший науковий дослідник (співробітник) (Senior researcher)
Asystent / Асистент (Assistant professor)
Starshyj vykladach / Старший викладач (Senior lecturer)
Vykladach / Викладач (Lecturer)
Starshyj Laborant / Старший лаборант (Senior research/teaching assistant)
Laborant / Лаборант (Research/teaching assistant)
Administrative ranks
Rektor / Ректор, rector or president (professors)
Zastupnyk rektora / Заступник ректора, vice-rector or vice-president (professors)
Dekan Fakultetu / Декан факультету, dean of the faculty (associate professor or above)
Dyrektor instytutu / centru / Директор інституту / центру, Director of the institute / centre (assistant professor or above)
Zastupnyk dekana/dyrektora / Заступник декана/директора, vice-dean or associate dean (associate professor or above) / deputy director of the institute (assistant professor or above)
Zaviduvach kafedry / Завідувач кафедри, head of department (assistant professor or above)
Zaviduvach laboratoriji / Завідувач лабораторії, head of laboratory (assistant professor or above)
Zaviduvach sekciji kafedry / Завідувач секції кафедри, chair of academic programs (assistant professor or above)
Research and teaching career pathway
Professor
Reader/Associate professor
Senior lecturer/Principal lecturer
Lecturer, clinical lecturer
Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant, departmental lecturer
Research career pathway
Professor/professorial research fellow/research professor
Reader
Senior research fellow
Research fellow
Research associate, research assistant
Teaching career pathway
Professorial teaching fellow
Senior teaching fellow
Teaching fellow
Teaching associate
Most common hierarchy
Distinguished, Endowed or University Professor
Professor
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor
Research Associate, Lecturer, and Instructor
Adjunct Professor/Lecturer/Instructor (often part-time)
Titular professor (Professor Titular)
Associated professor (Professor Asociado)
Aggregate professor (Professor Agregado)
Assistant professor (Professor Assistante)
Instructor (Instructor)
Dedication rank
Exclusive dedication professor (Professor a Dedicación Exclusiva)
Full-time professor (Professor a Tiempo Completo)
Contracted professor (Professor a Tiempo Convencional - academic rank is usually optional)
Administrative ranks (public national)
University council (Consejo Universitario - Órgano Colegiado)
Rector or chairman (Rector)
University secretary or registrar (Secretario)
Academic vice rector (Vicerrector Académico)
Administrative vice rector (Vicerrector Administrativo)
Faculty council (Consejo de Facultad - Órgano Colegiado)
Dean (Decano - one per faculty)
Vice-dean (Vicedecano - one per faculty - optional)
Academic council (Concejo Académico - Órgano Colegiado)
Dean's council (Consejo Decanal - Órgano Colegiado)
School council (Consejo de Escuela - Órgano Colegiado)
Principal (Director - one per school)
Vice-principal (Subdirector - one per school - optional)
Chief of Department (Jefe de Departamento)
Chief of chair (Jefe de Cátedra)
Other professors
Professor-researcher (Professor Investigador)
Researcher (Investigador)
Retired professor (Professor Retirado)
Ad honorem professor (Professor Ad Honorem)
Consultant professor (Professor Consultante)
Visiting professor (Professor Visitante)
Emergency teacher (Docente de Emergencia)
Auxiliary and Lab assistants
Auxiliary teacher I (Docente Auxiliar I)
Auxiliary teacher II (Docente Auxiliar II)
Auxiliary teacher III (Docente Auxiliar III)
Auxiliary teacher IV (Docente Auxiliar IV)
Auxiliary teacher V (Docente Auxiliar V)
