This is a list of Byzantine scientists and other scholars.
Most important scholars known before the Macedonian Renaissance were active under the Justinian dynasty.
Didymos or Didymus (5th–6th century), author of Geoponika
Ioulianos or Julianus (5th–6th century), invented a water pumping system
Anthemius of Tralles (c. 474–before 558), mathematician and architect of Hagia Sophia
Eutocius of Ascalon (c. 480–c. 540), mathematician
John Philoponus (490–570), mathematician, grammarian, theologian
Isidore of Miletus (6th century), mathematicist, physicist and architect of Hagia Sophia
Leontios (died 706), emperor, astronomer, mathematician and engineer
George of Pisidia (6th–7th century), scholar, zoologist and astronomer
Timotheos of Gaza (6th–7th century), zoologist
Stephen of Byzantium (6th–7th century), geographer
Callinicus of Heliopolis (7th century), architect; invented the Greek fire
Stephen of Alexandria (7th century), mathematician and astronomer
The Macedonian Renaissance occurred in the period of the Macedonian dynasty from 867 to 1056.
Leo the Mathematician (c. 790–after 869)
Georgios Monachos (9th century)
Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Greek philosophy
Saint Cyril the Philosopher (826 or 827–869)
Constantine VII (reigned 913–959)
Michael Psellus (1018–1078)
Michael Attaliates (11th century)
Symeon Seth (11th century)
Leo VI (reigned 886–912)
Arethas of Caesarea (c. 860-aft. 932), Archbishop, theologian and Greek commentator
The Komnenian period and after
The Komnenian period ranged from 1081 to about 1185.
Anna Comnena (1083–1153)
Theodore Prodromos (c. 1100–c. 1165/70), mathematician
Eustathius of Thessalonica (c. 1115–1195/6)
Michael of Ephesus (early or mid-12th century), philosopher, physics
Michael Glykas (12th century), mathematician and astronomer
Joannes Zonaras (12th century), historian
John Kinnamos (12th century), historian
Niketas Choniates (c. 1155–1215 or 1216), historian
Nikephoros Blemmydes (1197–1272)
The Palaiologian Renaissance was mostly contemporary with the Renaissance of the 12th century. The Palaiologos dynasty ruled from c. 1260 to 1453. A number of Greek scholars contributed to the establishment of this renaissance also in Western Europe.
Demetrios Pepagomenos (1200–1300), zoologist, botanologist and pharmacist
George Akropolites (1220–1282), astronomer
Gregory Choniades (died 1302), mathematician and astronomer
Manuel Holobolos (1230–1305), scholar, teacher
George Pachymeres (1242–1310)
Manuel Moschopoulos (13th–beginning of the 14th century) grammarian
Constantinos Lykites (13th–14th century), astronomer
John Pediasimos (13th–14th century), mathematician
Nikephoros Choumnos (c. 1250/55–1327), scholar, meteorologist and physicist
Maximus Planudes (1260–c. 1305), grammarian and theologian,
Theodore Metochites (1270–1332), physician and mathematician
Barlaam of Seminara (c. 1290–1348), mathematician and astronomer
Nicephorus Gregoras (1295–1359/60), mathematician and astronomer
Demetrius Triclinius (before c. 1300), grammarian with knowledge of astronomy,
Thomas Magister (14th century), grammarian
Theodore of Melitene (1320–1393), astronomer
Isaac Argyros (1310–1372), mathematician and astronomer
John VI Kantakouzenos (reigned 1347–1355), historian
Manuel Chrysoloras (c. 1355–1415), translator, philosopher
Joannes Chortasmenos (1370–1437), scholar, mathematician and astronomer
