Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing antisemitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, some 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is 9,000. The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German-speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg Monarchy are listed.
Psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
Alfred Adler, founding member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and founder of the school of individual psychology
Anna Freud, Vienna-born child psychologist and daughter of Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud, Moravian-born founder of psychoanalysis and neurologist
Marie Jahoda, psychologist
Melanie Klein, psychotherapy
Wilhelm Reich, psychiatry and psychoanalysis
Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist and psychologist
Social and political scientists
Samuel Bergman, philosopher
Paul Edwards, philosopher
Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician
Norbert Jokl, founder of Albanology
Otto Kurz, historian
Emil Lederer, economist
Ludwig von Mises, economist
Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher (of largely Jewish descent but given a Catholic burial)
Film and stage
Rudolf Bing (1902–1997), opera impresario, General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York from 1950 to 1972
Fritz Grünbaum (1880-1941), cabaret artist, operetta and pop songwriter, director, actor and master of ceremonies
Alber Misak, actor
Kurt Kren (1929–1998), experimental filmmaker, director of the avant garde films 8/64: Ana – Aktion Brus, 10/65: Selbstverstümmelung, 10b/65: Silber – Aktion Brus, 16/67: 20. September, and 10c/65: Brus wünscht euch seine Weihnachten (Jewish father)
Reggie Nalder (1907-1991), cabaret dancer, stage, film and television actor
Joseph Schildkraut (1896-1964), stage and film actor
Kurt Adler (1907-1977), Bohemian born Austrian chorus master, conductor, pianist, author, Metropolitan Opera New York City, United States
Ignaz Brüll, composer and pianist
Hanns Eisler (1898-1962), composer and co-author (with Theodor W. Adorno) of Komposition für den Film (Jewish father)
Joseph Joachim, violinist (born in Kittsee, Austria, at that time Hungary)
Hans Keller, musicologist
Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962), violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day
Erica Morini, violinist
Erwin Schulhoff (1894–1942), composer and pianist
Julius Schulhoff (1825–1898), pianist and composer
Rudolf Schwarz, conductor
Walter Susskind (1913–1980), conductor
Richard Tauber, singer and composer
Egon Wellesz, composer
Erich Wolfgang Korngold, composer (born in Bohemia)
Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962), violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day
Gustav Mahler, Bohemian-born composer, conductor and pianist
Arnold Schoenberg (1871–1954), composer (born in Vienna); founder of Second Viennese School; music theorist
Peter Altenberg, writer and poet
Raphael Basch (1813-?), journalist and politician
Abraham Benisch (1814–1878), Hebraist and journalist; born Bohemia
Henri Blowitz, journalist
Boris Brainin (Sepp Österreicher), poet and translator
Fritz Brainin, poet
Bernard Friedberg, Hebraist, scholar and bibliographer
Elfriede Jelinek (1946-), Nobel prize-winning (2004) novelist (Jewish father).
Franz Kafka, writer
Paul Kornfeld (1889–1942), writer, author of many expressionist plays
Karl Kraus, author
Heinrich Landesmann, poet
Robert Lucas, writer, emigrated to Britain in 1934
Joseph Roth, novelist and journalist
Felix Salten, Hungarian-born Austrian writer
Arthur Schnitzler, writer and physician
Alice Schwarz-Gardos (1915-2007), writer, journalist and editor-in-chief of Israel-Nachrichten 1975-2007 (de:Alice Schwarz-Gardos )
Hugo Sonnenschein, Bohemian-born writer
Franz Werfel, novelist and playwright
Alma Wittlin (1899-1992), art historian and museologist
Stefan Zweig, writer
Haim Bar-Lev, Chief of Staff of Israel Defence Forces (1968-1971)
Alfred Edersheim, Bible scholar
Rudolf Eisler (1873-1926), Jewish philosopher, born in Vienna
Maurice de Hirsch, banker
Isaak Löw Hofmann, Edler von Hofmannsthal, merchant
Gisela Januszewska (1867-1943), physician
Moritz Steinschneider (1816-1907), bibliographer and Orientalist
George Weidenfeld, publisher
Erich Erdstein, author of Inside the Fourth Reich, a book about his life as a Nazi hunter in South America
Simon Wiesenthal, Holocaust survivor and Nazi hunter
Viktor Aptowitzer (1871-1942), born in Tarnopol, Galizien, Jewish theologian, Talmudist
Rudolf Auspitz (1837-1906), Austrian politician, entrepreneur (Unternehmer)
Joseph Samuel Bloch (1850-1923), born in Dukla, Galizien, Austrian publicist, politician
Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian Jewish historian and statesman
Paul Hatvani, Paul Hirsch (1892-1975), born in Kew, near Melbourne, Austrian Jewish writer, chemist
List of Austrian Jews Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
