Routes of
administration Oral, IV, IM, SC, IT Bioavailability High Molar mass 309.445 g/mol | ATC code N07BC05 (WHO) Protein binding 60-90% | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names Legal status DE: Anlage III (Prescription only)
UK: Class A
US: Schedule II
UN: Narcotic Schedule I | ||
What does levomethadone mean
Levomethadone (INN; -Polamidon, -Polamivet, Levadone, Levothyl), or levamethadone, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is marketed in Europe and is used for pain management and in opioid maintenance therapy. In addition to being used as a pharmaceutical drug itself, levomethadone, or R-(−)-methadone, is the active enantiomer of methadone, having approximately 50x the potency of the S-(+)-enantiomer as well as greater μ-opioid receptor selectivity. Accordingly, it is about twice as potent as methadone by weight and its effects are virtually identical in comparison. In addition to its activity at the opioid receptors, levomethadone has been found to act as a weak competitive antagonist of the N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex and as a potent noncompetitive antagonist of the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor.
Contents
There is now an asymmetric synthesis available to prepare both levomethadone [R-(−)-methadone] and dextromethadone [S-(+)-methadone].
The separation of the stereoisomers is one of the easier in organic chemistry and is described in the original patent. It involves "treatment of racemic methadone base with d-(+)-tartaric acid in an acetone/water mixture [which] precipitates almost solely the dextro-methadone levo-tartrate, and the more potent levo-methadone can easily be retrieved from the mother liquor in a high state of optical purity"
How to pronounce levomethadone
Regulatory status
Levomethadone is listed under the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the US as an isomer of methadone (ACSCN 9250) and is not listed separately, nor is dextromethadone. It is similarly controlled under the German Betäubungsmittelgesetz and similar laws in practically every other country.