Les Nouvels Egotistes is a grouping of documentary filmmakers who make films where they themselves are featured. This is against the grain of more traditional documentary film which is mainly voyeuristic observation.
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Characteristics
Films in the style of 'Les Nouvels Egotistes' are reflexive, insofar as there are two subjects of the film - the filmmaker and the 'reality' which he is filming.
Usually the filmmakers are 'faux-naïf', pretending to be less knowing than they really are in order to 'trap' the subject, however amongst the key names both Michael Moore and Nick Broomfield can be very aggressive when necessary.
History
This style of filmmaking showed presence in 1986, with Ross McElwee's Sherman's March: A Meditation on the Possibility of Romantic Love in the South during an Era of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation. For much of this film, McElwee was talking to camera, giving accounts of how he thought the production was going.
It was in the same year that Nick Broomfield was making a film about Lily Tomlin and realised that all of the best bits - the dead ends, the arguments, the mistakes - were being left out. For his 1988 feature Driving Me Crazy and subsequent features, then, Broomfield perfected this new style, 'reinventing' documentary film.
Following this, more documentary makers followed Broomfield's example - key examples are Michael Moore, Jon Ronson (who was responsible for naming the movement in a 2002 issue of Sight & Sound), and Louis Theroux.
It is important to bear in mind how recently the movement was named, and that this is an informal assertion made by Jon Ronson which happens to have been adopted by many film journalists.