Lemoine or Le Moine is a French surname meaning "Monk". Notable people with the surname include:
Adolphe Lemoine, known as Lemoine-Montigny (1812–1880), French comic-actor
Antoine Marcel Lemoine (1763–1817) musician, music publisher, father to Henry Lemoine
Cyril Lemoine (born 1983), French cyclist
Émile Lemoine (1840–1912), French geometrician
Henri Lemoine (cyclist) (1909–1981), French cyclist
Henri Lemoine (fraudster) (fl. 1902–1908), French fraudster
Henry Lemoine (1786–1854), Piano teacher, music publisher, composer
Jacques-Antoine-Marie Lemoine (1751–1824), also Lemoyne, French painter
James MacPherson Le Moine (1825–1912), Canadian writer, lawyer and historian
Jean Lemoine (1250–1313), French canon lawyer, cardinal, bishop and papal legate
Jordy Lemoine (born 1988), French singer
Louis Lemoine (1764–1842), French general of the French Revolutionary Wars
Marie-Victoire Lemoine (1754–1820), French painter
Pablo Lemoine (born 1975), Uruguayan rugby union player
Pierre-Antoine Lemoine (1605–1665), French painter
Roger Le Moine (1933–2004), Canadian professor of literature and literary critic
Victor Lemoine (1823–1911), French horticulturist
Virginie Lemoine, French humourist, comedian and actor
Yvan Lemoine (Born 1981), Acclaimed Chef & Author