Laurie Baymarrwangga

Clan membership and cultural heritage

She is a great-great grandmother of the Malarra-Gunbiirrtji Clan, and in 2012 was reportedly 95 years old. She spoke the Yan-nhangu language, Djambarrpuyŋu, and several other regional languages of Northeast Arnhem Land. She was named Senior Northern Territory Australian of the Year, and Senior Australian of the Year in 2012. Her encyclopaedic knowledge was the inspiration for an ethnographic publication and a language documentation project

She was first photographed by the Rev Harold Shepperdson on Milingimbi in 1925 and then by Donald Thomson on Murrungga island in April, 1937. She survived the World War II Japanese bombing of Milingimbi in 1943.

In the 1960s she began a return to her island homeland at Murruŋga, becoming permanently resident in the 1970s.

Achievements

In 1968, she started a bilingual school under a tree on the island, and it was taken over by NT Education in 1975.

In 1993 she started the Yan-nhaŋu dictionary project with fellow speakers and the anthropologist Bentley James. (Yan-nhangu Dictionary 1994-2003) In her late eighties and with no English Baymarrwaŋa worked in Yolŋu matha with Bentley, and together they visited and recorded the first Yan-nhaŋu maps (600 sites).

With barely 250 Yan-nhaŋu words recorded they began the Yan-nhaŋu dictionary team (1993-4) preparing the first Yan-nhaŋu dictionary, first ethnography, and using self-generated funds, created a family of lasting collaborative projects.Side by side they created, conceived, designed and ran the earliest Crocodile Islands Rangers and junior rangers programs, an on-line (talking-pictorial) trilingual dictionary for homelands schools, multi-generational ‘Language Nests’ project, heritage protection projects on the fish-traps, fresh water wells, fire regimes, creating cultural artefacts, and care for and registration of sacred sites on the Crocodile Islands.Claire Bowern compiled a learner's guide to the language Together Baymarrwaŋa and Bentley wrote the Yan-nhaŋu Atlas and Illustrated Dictionary of the Crocodile Islands with over four thousand Yan-nhaŋu words translated into Dhuwal/Dhuwala and English for children speaking Yolŋu and English. The Yan-nhaŋu Atlas and Illustrated Dictionary seeks to provide opportunities for new generations to know the language of place and walk in the footsteps of the ancestors. Together they handed out the atlas to over thirty homelands, twelve schools and hundreds of libraries Australia wide. The generosity and vision of this project spring naturally from the wisdom of kinship and reciprocity that are at the heart indigenous relations to country.

The Yan-nhaŋu dictionary team continues work on Yan-nhaŋu grammar.

In 1997 together Baymarrwaŋa and Bentley introduced Yan-nhaŋu into the bilingual school curriculum.

In 2002 she initiated the Crocodile Islands Rangers, which she personally funded in 2009. They conceived of and negotiated the creation of a turtle sanctuary and were working towards a plan to feed local children everyday with local fish caught and distributed by local rangers, ‘Lima gurrku guya riya-gunhanyini ŋalimalamagu gurruṯuwaygu : We will share our fish with our kin. (Baymarrwaŋa 2002)

In 2011 she won a Lifetime Achievement Award from the NT Research and Innovation Board for the Crocodile Islands Initiative in honour of her ongoing struggle to care for the linguistic, culutral and biological diverstity of her homelands and save them from administrative closure.

She was the 2012 Senior Australian of the Year, awarded for her "leadership and commitment in caring for the Crocodile Islands biological and cultural environment".

In 2010, after a struggle stretching back to 1945, Laurie received back payments for rents owed to her as the land and sea owner of her father's estate. She donated it all, around A$400,000, to improve education and employment opportunities on the islands and to establish a 1,000 square kilometre turtle sanctuary on her marine estate. [...] She wants us all to remain courageous and undaunted in our recognition of the value of cultural differences in creating a future and a nation of which we can all be proud"

The film about her life won a posthumous award from the United Nations Peace Prize for Indigenous Film. 2015.

Death and legacy

Laurie died in August 2014. The Crocodile Islands Rangers, which she helped establish, stated "Our wonderful patron sadly passed peacefully away in August 2014". The anthropologist Dr. Bentley James, who worked with her to create the Yan-nhaŋu Atlas and Illustrated Dictionary said on his website,