Lanfranc of Milan

The surgeon Lanfranc of Milan (c. 1250–1306), variously called Guido Lanfranchi, Lanfranco or Alanfrancus, was a student of Guglielmo da Saliceto. Involved in the struggles of Guelphs and Ghibellines, he was exiled from Milan by Matteo I Visconti in 1290. He moved first to Lyons, then on to Paris. There he became a popular professor of surgery at the Collège de St. Côme.

He has been credited with transferring the lead in surgical technique from Italy to France.

His Chirurgia Magna, completed 1296 and more often known as the Science of Chirgurie or Cirgurie to distinguish it from the Inventarium, has since been published in over seventy editions in multiple languages.