Region Western Philosophy Books Ecrits philosophiques Role Philosopher | Name Leon Brunschvicg School French Idealism | |
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Born November 10, 1869 ( 1869-11-10 ) 2nd arrondissement of Paris Alma mater Ecole Normale Superieure Era 20th century philosophy Died January 18, 1944, Aix-les-Bains, France Influenced Alexandre Koyre, Raymond Aron, Louis Lavelle, Jean Cavailles, Gaston Bachelard Spouse Cecile Brunschvicg (m. 1899) Influenced by Blaise Pascal, Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Michel de Montaigne, Lucien Levy-Bruhl Similar People Blaise Pascal, Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Gaston Bachelard, Michel de Montaigne | ||
Léon Brunschvicg ([leɔ̃ bʁœ̃svik]; November 10, 1869 – January 18, 1944) was a French Idealist philosopher. He co-founded the Revue de métaphysique et de morale with Xavier Leon and Élie Halévy in 1893.
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Life
From 1895–1900 he taught at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen. In 1897 he completed his thesis under the title La Modalité du jugement (The Modalities of Judgement). In 1909 he became professor of philosophy at the Sorbonne. He was married to Cécile Kahn, a major campaigner for women's suffrage in France, with whom he had four children.
Forced to leave his position at the Sorbonne by the Nazis, Brunschvicg fled to the south of France, where he died at the age of 74. While in hiding, he wrote studies of Montaigne, Descartes, and Pascal that were printed in Switzerland. He composed a manual of philosophy dedicated to his teenage granddaughter entitled Héritage de Mots, Héritage d'Idées (Legacy of Words, Legacy of Ideas) which was published posthumously after the liberation of France. His reinterpretation of Descartes has become the foundation for a new idealism.
Brunschvicg defined philosophy as "the mind's methodical self-reflection" and gave a central role to judgement.
The publication of Brunschvicg's oeuvre has been recently completed after unpublished materials held in Russia were returned to his family in 2001.