Start date August 31, 1920 | ||
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The Kuusinen Club Incident was the murder of eight members of the Finnish Communist Party in the Kuusinen Club (their Saint Petersburg office), on 31 August 1920.
Contents
Background
After the ending of the Finnish Civil War in 1918, thousands of Red Guards fled to Russia, mostly to Saint Petersburg. The leaders of the Guard lived lavishly, spending their time in the best hotels and restaurants of Saint Petersburg. They had millions of Finnish marks worth of foreign exchange that they had stolen from the Bank of Finland.
Many other Finnish Communists who had fled to Soviet Russia were living in very poor conditions, and those who openly criticized party leaders were discharged from the party.
The party began to schism into so-called "revolver oppositions", whose target was to remove the gap between the leaders and the supporters by open violence.
Deaths
Shooters
The shooters were six students of the red officer academy, led by Aku Paasi (former August Pyy) and Allan Hägglund.
The shooters wrote letters describing their motives, and then surrendered voluntarily to militia. In 1922, they were convicted; Voitto Eloranta, who was not even present at the shooting scene, was sentenced to death as the organizer, and the others were sentenced to three to five years in prison in Buryatia. Eventually, the death sentence of Eloranta was commuted, and by July 1922, all the shooters were released from jail. Eloranta, however, was executed in 1923 after Eino Rahja lobbied the reconsideration of the commutations. Eloranta's wife Elvira Willman was executed in April 1925.
Memorial
The victims were buried in the Field of Mars. An estimated 100,000 people attended the funeral. A memorial service took part in Hermitage on 20 September 1920.
The memorial plaque says that the victims were "Murdered by White Finnish Guards", although the killers had actually been former Red Guard members.