Kuiper or Kuyper is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the name include:
Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920), Dutch politician and theologian
Adrian Kuiper (born 1959), South African cricketer
David Kuiper (born 1980), Dutch rower
Duane Kuiper (born 1950), American baseball player
Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper (1907–2003), Dutch Indologist
Gerard Kuiper (1905–1973), Dutch-American astronomer
Glen Kuiper (born 1963) American broadcaster
Hennie Kuiper (born 1949), Dutch cyclist
Michael Kuiper (born 1989), Dutch martial artist
Nick Kuiper (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
Nicky Kuiper (born 1989), Dutch footballer
Nicolaas Kuiper (1920–1994), Dutch mathematician
Peter Kuiper (1929–2007), German actor
Piet Kuiper (born 1934), Dutch botanist
Rienk Kuiper (1886–1966), Frisian-Dutch president of Calvin College
Roel Kuiper (born 1962), Dutch historian, philosopher and politician
Taco Kuiper (1941–2004), South African publisher and journalist