Kingdom Plantae Subfamily Chenopodioideae Scientific name Krascheninnikovia lanata Rank Species | Family Amaranthaceae Genus Krascheninnikovia Higher classification Krascheninnikovia Order Caryophyllales | |
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Similar Krascheninnikovia, Atriplex canescens, Atriplex confertifolia, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Grayia spinosa | ||
Krascheninnikovia lanata is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae), known by the common name winterfat. It is native to much of western North America: from central Western Canada; through the Western United States; to northern Mexico.
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The genus was named for Stepan Krasheninnikov — the early 18th-century Russian botanist and explorer of Siberia and Kamchatka.
Habitats
The plant grows in a great variety of habitats at 100–2,700 metres (330–8,860 ft) in elevation — from grassland plains and xeric scrublands to rain shadow faces of montane locations.
It is a halophyte that thrives in salty soils such as those on alkali flats, including those of the Great Basin, Central Valley, Great Plains, and Mojave Desert.
Description
Krascheninnikovia lanata is a small shrub sending erect stem branches to heights between .5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 ft). It produces flat lance-shaped leaves up to 3 centimeters long. The stems and cool gray foliage are covered in woolly white hairs which age to a reddish color.
The tops of the stem branches are occupied by plentiful spike inflorescences from March to June. The shrub is generally monoecious, with each upright inflorescence holding mostly staminate flowers with a few pistillate flowers clustered near the bottom. The staminate flowers have large, woolly leaflike bracts.
The pistillate flowers have smaller bracts and develop tiny white fruits. The silky hairs on the fruits allow for wind dispersal.
Cultivation
Krascheninnikovia lanata is cultivated in the specialty plant nursery trade as an ornamental plant for xeriscape and wildlife gardens, and native plant natural landscapes. The light gray foliage can be a distinctive feature in garden designs. The plants are very long-lived.
Uses
This species is an important winter forage for grazing domestic and wild animals because it is evergreen, hence its common name.
Native American beliefs
Winter fat was a traditional medicinal plant used by many Native American tribes that lived within its large North American range. These tribes held traditional beliefs that it could be used to treat a wide variety of ailments and had benefits. The Zuni people use a poultice of ground root bound with a cotton cloth in the belief that it can treat burns.