Nationality British Field Freshwater biology | Fields Freshwater biology | |
Born 24 March 1891
Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England ( 1891-03-24 ) Died 29 May 1970, Cheltenham, United Kingdom Alma maters University of London, Aberystwyth University Institutions Aberystwyth University, McGill University | ||
Kathleen E. Carpenter (1891–1970) was a British freshwater ecologist. She is best known for her early studies of the effects of metal pollution on Welsh rivers and their biota, as well as her book “Life in Inland Waters”, the first textbook in English wholly devoted to freshwater ecology.
Contents
Early life
She was born Kathleen Edithe Zimmerman on March 24, 1891 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England, daughter of Francis Frederick Zimmerman and Victoria Boor. In 1914 she changed her surname by deed poll to Carpenter (the English translation of the German word Zimmerman).
Academic career
Carpenter received a B.Sc. degree from the University of London in 1910, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Aberystwyth University in the 1920s. In the late 1920s she was a researcher in America at Illinois State University and later Radcliffe College and McGill University. She was subsequently a professor at Washington College from 1931 to 1936. She returned to Britain and was a lecturer at the University of Liverpool during World War II.
Publications
Carpenter, K. E. (1922). The fauna of the Clarach stream (Cardiganshire) and its tributaries. Aberystwyth studies by members of the University College of Wales, 4, 251-258.
Carpenter, K. E. (1923). Distribution of Limnæa pereger and L. truncatula. Nature 112(2801), 9.
Carpenter, K. E. (1924). A study of the fauna of rivers polluted by lead mining in the Aberystwyth district of Cardiganshire. The Annals of Applied Biology, 9(38), 1-23.
Carpenter, K. E. (1924). The freshwater fauna of the Aberystwyth district of Cardiganshire, studied with especial reference to the pollution of streams consequent on lead-mining operations. No. 49, File F.G. 1898, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E. (1925). Biological factors involved in the destruction of river-fisheries by pollution due to lead-mining. Ser. No 84, Rep. No. 77, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E. (1925). On the biological factors involved in the destruction of river-fisheries by pollution due to lead-mining. The Annals of Applied Biology, 12(44), 1-13.
Carpenter, K. E. (1926). The lead mine as an active agent in river pollution. Annals of Applied Biology, 13(3), 395–401.
Carpenter, K. E. (1926). A Planarian species new to Britain. Nature, 117(2946), 556.
Carpenter, K. E. (1926). Report on the lethal action of led salts on fishes. Ser. No. 190, Rep. No. 129, Ref. File F.G. 1655. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E. (1927). The lethal action of soluble metallic salts on fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology, 4, 378-390.
Carpenter, K. E. (1927). Faunistic ecology of some Cardiganshire streams. Journal of Ecology 15(1), 33-54.
Carpenter, K. E. (1928). Life in Inland Waters, with especial reference to animals. Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd.
Carpenter, K. E. (1928). On the distribution of freshwater Turbellaria in the Aberystwyth district, with especial reference to two ice-Age relicts. Journal of Ecology 16(1), 105-122.
Carpenter, K. E. (1928). On the tropisms of some freshwater planarians. The British Journal of Experimental Biology, 5, 196-203.
Carpenter, K. E. (1930)†. Further researches on the action of metallic salts on fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 6, 407–422. †Contributions from the Zoölogical Laboratories of the University of Illinois, no. 376.
Carpenter, K. E. (1931). Variations in Holopedium Species. Science, 74, 550-551.
Carpenter, K. E. (1939). Food of Salmon Parr. Nature, 143, 336.
Carpenter, K. E. (1940). The feeding of Salmon parr in the Cheshire Dee. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 110, 81-96.