Recognised minority
language in Zambia | ISO 639-3 kqn | |
Native to Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo where it is predominently known as kiLuba Native speakers 240,000 (1995–2010 censusus) Language family Niger–Congo
Atlantic–Congo
Benue–Congo
Southern Bantoid
Bantu
Luban
Luba languages
Kaonde Writing system Latin (Kaonde alphabet)
Kaonde Braille | ||
kiiKaonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger–Congo family) that is spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kaonde and its dialects are spoken and understood by perhaps 350,000 people or more. It is estimated that approximately 2.3% of Zambians are native Kaonde speakers. Kaonde speakers overwhelmingly live in the Northwestern and parts of Central regions of Zambia.
Contents
Fewer numbers of Kaonde speakers live in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, they are not known or identified by the term Kaonde but rather by the term Luba.
Strictly speaking, the term "Kaonde" refers to a group of people who are identified by a common language known as kiiKaonde. This group of people, like many others in Zambia, was originally part of the Luba Kingdom. They migrated south to area surrounding a stream called Kaonde in river Congo basin. From there, the people migrated into what is now Northwestern Zambia. This group of people called their language kiiKaonde. Speakers of other Bantu languages use the prefix "chi" other than "kii" to refer to this language. Thus non-Kaondes sometimes call the language Chikaonde.
Nouns
Like other Bantu languages, Kaonde nouns are grouped into several semantic classes, ranging from those that denote humanbeings to those that denote things. The concord or agreement markers for each class is a prefix attached to verbs and adjectives related to the noun. Tense markers may modify the concord.
Pronouns
Kaonde has personal, demonstrative and relative pronouns. The first and second person pronouns are independent of the noun class system. Third person pronouns are formed using the demonstrative pronouns for the ba noun class. Demonstrative are arranged by noun class and by deixis.
Basic vocabulary and phrases
Ee - yes
Ine - no
Muji byepi - How are you
Njitu bulongo / bulongotu - I am fine / just fine
Jizhina jami ne... - My name is...
Shalaipo - goodbye (person leaving)
Kafikaipo - goodbye (person staying)
Mulale bulongo-goodnight
Nasanta bingi- Thank you very much
Nakolwa - I am sick