Kabardian grammar

Noun cases

In addition to distinguishing between singular and plural nouns by marking the latter with the suffix '-хэ' /-xa/

щӏалэ [ɕʼaːɮa] ('boy') becomes щӏалэхэ [ɕʼaːɮaxa] ('boys').

шы [ʃə] ('horse') becomes шыхэ [ʃəxa] ('horses').

Kabardian also declines nouns into four different cases, each with corresponding suffixes: absolutive, ergative, instrumental, and invertive.

Absolutive case

Has the suffix - р /r/ (e.g. щӏалэр [ɕʼaːɮar] 'the boy', щӏалэхэр [ɕʼaːɮaxar] ('the boys'), шыр [ʃər] 'the horse'). This case has two main functions:

Marking the subject of intransitive verbs

Marking the direct object of transitive verbs

Ergative case

Has the suffix -м /-m/ (e.g. щӏалэм [ɕʼaːɮam] 'the boy's', щӏалэхэмэ [ɕʼaːɮaxama] 'the

boys'', шым [ʃəm] 'the horse's). When it's plural it has the suffix -мэ (-ma). This case has several functions:

Marking the subject of transitive verbs

Marking the direct object of intransitive verbs

Marking circumstance of action, e.g. feature of place, time of action

жылэ /ʒəɮa/ village → жылэм /ʒəɮam/ in the village

жэщ /ʒaɕə/ night → жэщым /ʒaɕəm/ in the night.

зэман /zamaːn/ distant past → зэманым /zamaːnəm/ in the distant past.

Instrumental-Directional Case

Has the suffix -мкӏэ /mt͡ʃʼa/ or -кӏэ /t͡ʃʼa/ (e.g. кӏэлэмкӏэ [t͡ʃʼaːɮamt͡ʃʼa] 'using the boy', щӏэлэкӏэ [ɕʼaːɮat͡ʃʼa] 'using a boy', кӏалэхэмкӏэ [t͡ʃaːɮaxamt͡ʃʼa] 'using the boys', щӏалэхэкӏэ [ɕʼaːɮaxat͡ʃʼa] 'using boys', псыкӏэ [psət͡ʃʼa] 'using water', псымкӏэ [psəmt͡ʃʼa] 'using the water').

Marking the instrument or tool of action:

къэлэм /qalam/ pencil → къэлэмкӏэ /qalamt͡ʃʼa/ using a pencil.

къэлэм /qalam/ pencil → къэлэмымкӏэ /qalaməmt͡ʃʼa/ using the pencil.

уадэ /waːda/ hammer → уадэкӏэ /waːdat͡ʃʼa/ using a hammer.

уадэ /waːda/ hammer → уадэмкӏэ /waːdamt͡ʃʼa/ using the hammer.

Marking the direction of action:

гъуэгу /ʁʷaɡʷ/ road → гъуэгумкӏэ /ʁʷaɡʷəmt͡ʃʼa/ from the road (direction).

унэ /wəna/ house → унэмкӏэ /wənamt͡ʃʼa/ from the house.

хы /xə/ sea → хымкӏэ /xəmt͡ʃʼa/ from the sea (direction).

Invertive

Has the suffix -уэ /wa/, or -у /əw/ (e.g. щӏалу [ɕʼaːɮəw] 'boy'). This case has a number of functions:

Marking the reception of another quality by the subject:

Lack of subject and object

Colloquially, the subject or object may both be dropped if clear from context.

Both subject and object are mentioned :

If the direct object is not mentioned :

If the subject is not mentioned :

If both subject and object are not mentioned :

Noun and adjective

In Adyghe, if a noun is accompanied by an adjective, the adjective always placed right after the noun

and also gets the suffixes that indicate the noun case.

Absolutive case

Ergative case

Instrumental case

In case the whole sentence consists of only a noun and an adjective, the adjective can also be placed before the noun. In this case the adjective does not get the suffix either when placed after the noun or before it.

Creating nouns from verbs

In Kabardian someone (person) or something (animal, plant, object) that does a specific verb (or something happened to him/it) can be represented with the verb word with the additional suffix -э (a) (for present tense -рэ (-ra)). For example:

макӏуэ /maːkʷ'a/ - he is going → макӏуэрэ /maːkʷ'ara/ - the person that's going

машхэх /maːʃxax/ - they are eating → машхэхэрэ /maːʃxaxara/ - the people that are eating.

мэлэжьащ /malaʑaːɕ/ - he worked → мэлэжьащэ /malaʑaːɕa/ - the person that worked.

Creating nouns from adjective

In Kabardian someone (person) or something (animal, plant, object) that have a specific adjective can be presented with the adjective word with the additional noun case suffix (absolutive, ergative, etc.) For example:

дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэр /daːxar/ - the pretty person (absolutive case).

ӏэфӏ /ʔafʼə/ - tasty → ӏэфӏэр /ʔafʼar / - the tasty ones (absolutive case).

щӏыӏэ /ɕʼəʔa/ - cold → щӏыӏэм /ɕʼəʔam/ - in the cold (ergative case).

Verbs

The verbal system of Kabardian is very complex. The verb usually goes at the end of the sentence.

Present

Intransitive verbs :

Transitive verbs :

Transitive verb examples :

Сэ адыгэбзэ грамматикэр содж (I study Circassian grammar) Уэ адыгэбзэ грамматикэр уодж (You study Circassian grammar) Абы адыгэбзэ грамматикэр едж (He/she studies Circassian grammar) Дэ адыгэбзэ грамматикэр додж (We study Circassian grammar) Фэ адыгэбзэ грамматикэр фодж (You (pl.) study Circassian grammar) Абыхэм адыгэбзэ грамматикэр ядж or Адыгэбзэ грамматикэр яджхэр (They study Circassian grammar)

Intransitive poly-personal verb examples :

Сэ тхылъым соджэ (I read the book, I am reading the book) Уэ тхылъым уоджэ (You read the book, you are reading the book) Абы тхылъым йоджэ (He/she reads the book, he/she is reading the book) Дэ тхылъым доджэ (We read the book, we are reading the book) Фэ тхылъым фоджэ (You (pl.) read the book, you are reading the book) Абыхэм тхылъым йоджэ or Тхылъым йоджэхэр (They read the book, they are reading the book)

Future

Indicating certainty :

Indicating some uncertainty :

Negative :

Past

Type 1 :

The past tense of verbs of type 1 are formed by adding -aщ /-aːɕ/. In intransitive verbs it indicate that the action took place, but with no indication as to the duration, instant nor completeness of the action.

In transitive verbs it convey more specific information as regards to completeness of the action, and therefore they indicate some certainty as to the outcome of the action.

Negative :

Type 2 :

This is the past perfect tense. It is formed by adding ~гъащ. It indicates that the action took place formerly at some certain time.

Type 3 :

Verbs of this group designate repetition of action in a vividly expressed manner. They are formed by adding the suffix –т.

Сэ жысIэрт (I kept saying) Дэ дылажьэрт (We worked repeatedly) Ар еджэрт (He read many times)

Negative forms:

Сэ жысIэртэкъым (I did not kept saying) Дэ дылажьэртэкъым (We did not work repeatedly) Ар еджэртэкъым (He did not read many times)

Positional conjugation

Here is the positional conjugation of some verbs, showing how the root changes indicate position:

Examples:

щыт - [someone or something] stands (as a pose);

Iут - [someone or something] stands (behind);

щIэт - [someone or something] stands (under)

тет - [someone or something] stands (above)

дэт - [someone or something] stands (between), etc.

Body position/Pose

щ(ы)~ /ɕə-/ designates abode/residence somewhere. For example :

сэ мыбы сыщеджащ: I studied here

ар къалэм щыпсэуащ: he lived in the city

On

те~ /taj-/ designates location/being on something. For example :

тхылъыр Iэнэм телъщ: the book is on the table.

Under

щӏэ~ /ɕʼa-/ designates being under something. For example :

уэсыр жыг лъабжьэм кӏэщӏэтхъуэн: to rake up the snow under the tree.

Among

хэ~ /xa-/ designates being among people, plants, animals or objects. For example :

партием хэтын: to be in a party

партием хыхьэн: to join the party.

хэ~ /xa-/ also designates being in some mass like for example in a liquid, fire, solid, gas and etc. For example :

псым хэтын: to be in water.

псым хыхьэн: to go into water

Within some area

дэ~ /da-/ designates being of an object on a definite territory. For example :

машинэр уэрамым дэтщ: the car is on the street

пщІантІэм дэтын: to be in the yard

пхъэр пщІантІэм дэшэн: to drop off the firewood in the yard

дэ~ /da-/ also designates being of an object inside another object. For example :

тхылъыр шкафым дэлъщ: the book is in the bookcase

щхьэгъубжэм дэплъын: to look out of the window.

Near or around

ӏу~ /ʔʷə-/ designates drawing near, approaching somebody or something, being of an object around or near something or someone else. For example :

кІэлындорым Іухьэн: to approach the corridor

мывэр бжэм Іулъщ: the stone lies near the door

блэкІым Іуплъэн: to cast a glance at the passer-by.

Inside

и~ /jə-/ designates being inside/in something. For example :

игуэн: to push, shove (smb., smth., into smth.)

вагоным исын: to sit in the coach

игъэхун: to drop, let fall (from pocket, etc.)

пэгуным псыр ижащ: the water ran out of the bucket

Hanged or attached

пы~ /pə-/ designates addition or joining, adherence, attached, hanged (like fruits on a tree or clothes on a hanger). For example :

Corner or behind

къуэ~ /qʷa-/ designates an object behind something or in the corner. it also designates motion directed to the back of something or someone. For example :

бгым къуэсын: to sit behind the mountain

къуэлъэдэн: to run behind

дыгъэр бгым къыкъуэкІащ: the sun rose from behind the mountain

къуэплъын: to look out from behind

Side

гуэ~ /gʷa-/ designates an action directed towards the side of something or someone. Examples :

гъунэгъум гуэсын: to sit next to the neighbour

In front of

пэӏу~ /paʔʷə-/ designates being in front of someone or something usually for the purpose of opposition. for example :

Inside within

The prefix кӏоцӏы~ (kʷʼat͡sʼə) designates motion directed inside something, or from within something, through something; for example :

Slope

The verbal prefix кӏэры~ (kʲʼarə~) designates action on surface of object which is in vertical position; ex.: * блыным лозунг кІэрытхэн: to write a slogan on the wall.

It also designates stay/sojourn on slope, on surface, of object; ex.:

мэлхэр бгым кІэрытщ: the sheep are on the slope of the mountain;

Іэм ятІэ кІэрылъщ: there is mud on the hand

It can also be used to designates separation from smb., smth.; ex.

ар сэ скІэрыкІащ: he left/let me alone;

кІэрыдзэн: to throw (smth.) away from (smth.).

Over

The verbal prefix щхьэ~ (щхьэщы~; щхьэпыры~) designates being or movement of object over surface of smth.; ex.: * пшэр бгым щхьэщытщ: the cloud hangs over the mountain.

бгым щхьэщылъэтын: to fly over the mountain

It also designates movement of object over smth., transference of object over/across smth.; ex.:

бгым хьэлъэр щхьэпырыхын: to carry the load over/across the mountain.

Directly

The verbal suffix жьэхэ~ (ʑaxa~) designates action directed at something.; for example :

жьэхэплъэн: to look steadily (at), to stare (at).

жьэхэуэн: to hit someone, to strike someone.

жьэхэхьэн: to collide with.

Toward the mouth

The verbal suffix жьэдэ~ designates action performed in or towards the mouth; for example :

жьэдэдзэн: to throw (something.) in the mouth of somebody.

жьэдэплъэн: to look into somebody’s mouth.

Morphology

The Kabardian language has an especially complex morphology. A verb by its set of morphemes can express subject's and object's person, place, time, manner of action, negative, and other types of grammatical categories. A verb can have some combinations of different affixes to describe a specific verbs in a different situations.

Verbal Prefixes

Causative (гъэ~)

The verbal suffix гъэ~ (ʁa~) designates causation; rendered by the verbs: to force, compel, make; to order, tell; to allow, permit; to give the opportunity to do something.; also forms transitive verbs; for example :

псэлъэн: to talk → гъэпсэлъэн: to make (somebody.) talk.

мэжэлІэн: to become hungry → гъэмэжэлІэн: to make (somebody.) go hungry.

шхэн: to eat → гъэшхэн: to feed (somebody.)

бзэхын: ещ disappear → гъэбзэхын: to hide/conceal (somebody., something.) quickly.

Comitative (дэ~)

The verbal suffix дэ~ (da~) designates action performed jointly with somebody.

шхэн: to eat → дэшхэн: to eat with somebody.

кӏуэн : to go → дэкӏуэн : to go with somebody.

Reciprocal (зэ~)

The verbal prefix зэ~ is used in formation of reciprocal verbs; for example :

зэзэуэн: to fight each other.

зэдэ~ is used in formation of reciprocal verbs; for example :

зэдэгушыIэн: to joke with one another.

Reflexive (з~)

The verbal prefix з~ designates reflexive action; for example :

зылъэщІын: to wipe oneself.

зыплъыхьын: to look about oneself.

зэгъэжьэн: to force oneself to wait;

зэлъэфэлӏэн: to drag to oneself.

Destination (здэ~)

The verbal suffix здэ~ designates destination of action; for example :

сыздэкIуэнур сощӏэ: I know where I am going to.

Directional (къэ~)

The verbal prefix къэ~ designates arrival, approach, movement directed to the speaker; for example :

мафӏэгур къэсащ: the train has arrived.

It also designates approach of some season, time; for example :

щӏымахуэр къэсащ: winter has arrived.

It also adds a tinge of definiteness to the verb; for example :

къэпсэлъэн: to deliver a speech; to begin to speak.

Involuntative (ӏэщӏэ~)

The verbal prefix ӏэщӏэ~ (ʔaɕʼa~) designates an action which was done unintentionally. for example :

хьэм бaжэр ӏэщӏэтхьэлыхьaщ - "The dog slaughtered the fox (unintentionally)"

хьэр бaжэм ӏэщӏэтхьэлыхьaщ - "The fox (unintentionally) slaughtered the dog"

щIaлэм дыгъур ӏэщӏэyкӏaщ - "The young man (unintentionally) killed the thief"

yэ yсӏэщӏэyкӏaщ - "I accidentally killed you"

щӏaлэм лӏыжьым дыгъур ӏэщӏигъэyкӏaщ - "The boy made the old man accidentally kill the thief"

Direction of motion (нэ~)

The veral prefix нэ~ (ны~) designates direction of motion from speaker to second person; for example :

ар уи деж нэкӏуащ: he went to you.

ар уи деж ныщӏыхьащ: he went to visit you.

It also forms verbs that convey a sense of completion of an action; for example :

нэдысын: to finish (sewing); нэвысын: to finish ploughing/tilling.

нэджысын: to finish (reading), to read to the end.

Against (фӏэ~)

The verbal prefix фӏэ~ (фӏы~) designates action done against somebody's will or interest. This verbal prefix can also be used indicate that the action was done to took an object or an opportunity away from somebody else.; for example :

кӏуэн: to go → фӏэкӏуэн: to go against somebody’s wish.

Benefactive (ху~)

The verbal prefix хуэ~ (xʷa~) designates action performed to please somebody, for somebody’s sake, in somebody's interests; for example :

анэм ӏуэху хуэщІэн: to do work for one's mother

Bypass (блэ~)

The verbal suffix блэ~ (bɮa~) designates movement bypass somebody or something; for example :

унэм блэжын: to run by/past the house.

Through (пхы~)

The verbal prefix пхы~ (пхыры~) designates action, motion directed through some obstacle, object; ex.: * пхырыжын: to run through smth.;

шэр nхъэбгъум пхыкІащ: the bullet went through the board;

пхивыкІын: to get wet/soaked through.

Across (пыры~)

The verbal prefix пыры~ designates action of transference over object that is of comparatively small height; ex.:

жыхьым пырыплъын: to look over the fence

It also designates action, motion directed across some obstacle; ex.:

псым пырышын (е зэпырышын): to take/lead across the river;

лъэмыжым пырышын: to take/lead across the bridge

After (кӏэлъ~)

The verbal prefix кӏэлъ~ (kʲʼaɬ) indicates action that happened towards after something or somebody; for example.:

мыщэм кІэлъыкІуэн: to go after the bear;

кІэлъежьэн: to set off/ out after, to start after, to leave after (smb., smth.);

кІэлъесын: to swim after (smb., smth.).

кІэлъытхэн: to write after (smb., smth.).

Verbal Infixes

Negative (~мы~)

~мы~ negatory infix; for example :

жыӏэ: say → жумыӏэ: do not say.

къакӏуэ: come → укъэмыкӏуэ: do not come.

Verbal Suffixes

Completion (~гъах)

The verbal suffix ~гъэхэ designates absolute accomplishment/realization of the action; for example :

кӏуагъэхэщ: he’s already gone.

Frequentative (~ж)

The verbal suffix ~ж designates recurrence/repetition of action; for example :

къэсын: to arrive → къэсыжын: to arrive again.

къэшэн: to bring → къэшэжын: to bring again.

Connective (~и)

~и (connective suffix) and, also; for example :

къакӏуи еплъ: come and have a look.

Negative (~къым)

~къым (verbal suffix) negatory suffix; for example :

хьэщӏэр иджыри къэс къэсакъым: the guest hasn’t arrived yet.

сэ еджапӏэм сыкӏуакъым: I didn’t go to school.

Conditional mood (~мэ)

The conditional suffix is indicated by ~м(э); for example :

ар къакIуэмэ, сэ бэзэрым сыкIуэнущ: If he comes, I will go to the market.

Concessive mood (~ми)

The verbal suffix ~ми designates concessive mood; for example :

укIуами: even if you had gone.

Infinitive (~н)

~н infinitive forming suffix; for example :

тхэн: to write.

кIуэн: to go.

Upwards (~еи)

The verbal suffix ~еи designates action in an upward direction; ex.:

дэкІуеин: to go upwards.

дэлъеин: to jump/leap up.

Downwards (~хы)

The verbal suffix ~х designates downward direction of action; ex.:

ежэхын: to roll down; to run down.

джабэм ежэхын: to roll down the mountain's slope.

псыр джабэм хуабжьу йожэх: the river is streaming down the mountain' slope.

ехьэхын: to lower, sink somebody or something.

щхьэр ехьэхын: to hang one’s head.

рабочэхэр шахтэм ехьэхын: to get the workers down to the mine.

Recurrence (~рей)

The verbal suffix ~рей (~raj) designates recurrence, presence of a characteristic; for example :

мэпсэлъэрей: he is fond of talking; he is garrulous.

мэдауэрей: he is given to brawling; he is a brawler.

Repetition (~рт)

The verbal suffix ~рт designates repetition/recurrence of action; ex.:

тхэрт: he wrote repeatedly.

Imperative mood (~т)

The verbal suffix ~т designates the imperative mood; for example :

жыӏэт: do say; just say.

тхэт: just write.

Subjunctive mood (~тэмэ)

The verbal suffix ~тэмэ designates subjunctive mood; for example :

укӏуатэмэ: if you had gone.

Concessive mood (~тэми)

The verbal suffix ~тэми designates concessive mood; for example :

укӏуатэми: even if you had gone.

Capability (~фы)

The verbal suffix ~ф designates the ability to perform the indicated action; for example :

жыӏэфын: to be able to speak/talk; to speak eloquently/articulately;to manage to say (something.)

хьыфын: to manage, be able, to take/carry (away) (something. somewhere.).

Completeness (~пэ)

the verbal suffix ~пэ designates completeness and fulfilment of the action; ex.:

илэжьыпащ: accomplished, realized, carried into effect;

шхыпэн: vt to eat (up) (smth.) entirely.

Absolute completeness (~хэ)

The verbal suffix ~кӏэ designates absolute completeness of action; ex.:

сщIакIэщ: I have already done it.

Directed towards (~лӏ)

The verbal suffix ~лӏ designates action directed towards, or applied to smb., smth.; ex.:

ежэлІэн: vi to run up (to smb., smth.), to come running up (to smb., smth.);

ехьэлІэн: vt 1. to take, carry (smb., smth. to smb., smth.);

хьэпшыпхэр автобусым ~: to carry the articles to the bus.

къекIуэлIащ: he appeared; he presented himself.

Slight excessiveness (~ӏуэ)

The verbal suffix ~ӏуэ designates slight excessiveness; ex.:

тхэӏуэн: to write more than is necessary.

Excessiveness (~къуэ)

The verbal suffix ~къуэ designates excessiveness; ex.:

псэлъэкъуэн: to out-talk somebody; to talk too much; to have a long talk with somebody, to get carried away by a conversation with somebody.

Plural (~хэ)

The pluralizing suffix is indicated by ~хэ; for example :

къэкIуахэщ: they came.

Preliminary condition (~хэ)

The verbal suffix ~хэ designates preliminary condition; for example :

зытхьэщIыхэн: wash yourself first.

зытхьэщIыхи шхэ: first wash yourself, and then eat.

Absolute negation (~ххэ)

~ххэ (verbal suffix) designates absolute negation; for example :

сыкIуэххэнкъым: I will definitely not go.

Around (~хь)

The verbal suffix ~хь designates action performed on a definite location or repetition of the action;

къэжыхьын: to run about;

къэкIухьын: to go/walk about;

It also designates movement round an object :

Іуащхьэм къэкIухьын: to walk/go round the hill;

жыгым къэкIухьын: to walk/go round the tree.

Optative mood (~щэрэ)

The verbal suffix ~щэрэ (~щэрэт) designates optative mood; ex.:

Налшык сыкIуащэрэ: if only I could go to Nalchik; I wish I could go to Nalchik.

Numbers

Numbers from zero to ten are specific words

1 зы  [zə]  2 тӀу  [tʷʼə]  3 щы  [ɕə]  4 плӀы  [pɬʼə]  5 тху  [txʷə]  6 хы  [xə]  7 блы  [bɮə]  8 и  [jə]  9 бгъу  [bʁʷə]  10 пщӏы  [pɕʼə] 

Numbers from eleven to nineteen are built with the word for ten, followed by кӏу ([kʷʼə]) and the unit digit:

11 пщӏыкӀуз [pɕʼəkʷʼəz] 12 пщӏыкӀутIу [pɕʼəkʷʼətʷʼ] 13 пщӏыкӀущ [pɕʼəkʷʼəɕ] 14 пщӏыкӀуплI [pɕʼəkʷʼəpɬʼ] 15 пщӏыкӀутху [pɕʼəkʷʼətxʷ] 16 пщӏыкӀух [pɕʼəkʷʼəx] 17 пщӏыкӀубл [pɕʼəkʷʼəbɮ] 18 пщӏыкӀуй [pɕʼəkʷʼəj] 19 пщӏыкӀубгъу [pɕʼəkʷʼəbʁʷ]}

The tens follow a vigesimal system from forty up, with the exception of fifty:

20 тӀощӏ [tʷʼaɕʼə] (20) 21 тӀощӏэ зырэ [tʷʼaɕʼəra zəra] (20 and 1) 22 тӀощӏэ тIурэ [tʷʼaɕʼəra tʷʼəra] (20 and 2) 23 тӀощӏэ щырэ [tʷʼaɕʼəra ɕəra] (20 and 3) ... 30 щэщӏ [ɕaɕʼ] (30) 31 щэщӏрэ зырэ [ɕaɕʼra zəra] (30 and 1) 32 щэщӏрэ тIурэ [ɕaɕʼra tʷʼəra] (30 and 2) ... 40 плIыщI [pɬʼəɕʼ] (20 × 2) 50 тхущI,[txʷəɕʼ] (half-hundred) 60 хыщI,[xəɕʼ] (20 × 3) 70 блыщI [bɮəɕʼ] (20 × 3 and 10) 80 ищI [jəɕʼ] (20 × 4) 90 бгъущI [bʁʷəɕʼ] (20 × 4 and 10)

One hundred is щэ (ɕa). The hundreds are formed by the hundred word root (щ (ɕ)) followed by -и-

(-i-) and the multiplier digit root.

100 щэ (ɕa) 101 щэрэ зырэ (ɕara zəra) (100 and 1) 110 щэрэ пщӏырэ (ɕara pʃʼəra) (100 and 10) 200 щитӀу (ɕitʷʼ) (100 × 2) 201 щитӀурэ зырэ (ɕitʷʼəra zəra) (200 × 2 and 1) 300 щищ (ɕiɕ) (100 × 3) 400 щиплӀ (ɕipɬʼ) (100 × 4) 500 щитху (ɕitxʷ) (100 × 5) 600 щих (ɕix) (100 × 6) 700 щибл (ɕibɮ) (100 × 7) 800 щий (ɕij) (100 × 8) 900 щибгъу (ɕibʁʷ) (100 × 9)

One thousand is мин (min). The thousands are formed by the thousand word root (мин (məjn))

followed by -и- (-i-) and the multiplier digit root.

1000 мин (min) 1001 минрэ зырэ (minra zəra) (1000 and 1) 1010 минрэ пщӏырэ (minra pʃʼəra) (1000 and 10) 1100 минрэ щэрэ (minra ɕara) (1000 and 100) 2000 минитӀу (minitʷʼ) (1000 × 2) 3000 минищ (miniɕ) (1000 × 3) 4000 миниплӀ (minipɬʼ) (1000 × 4) 5000 минитху (minitxʷ) (1000 × 5) 6000 миних (minix) (1000 × 6) 7000 минибл (minibɮ) (1000 × 7) 8000 миний (minij) (1000 × 8) 9000 минибгъу (minibʁʷ) (1000 × 9) 10000 минипщӏ (minipʃʼ) (1000 × 10) 11000 минипщӀыкӀуз (minipʃʼəkʷʼəz) (1000 × 11) 12000 минипщӀыкӀутIу (minipʃʼəkʷʼətʷʼ) (1000 × 12) 20000 минитӀощӏ (minitʷʼaɕʼə) (1000 × 20) 100000 минищэ (miniɕa) (1000 × 100) 200000 минищитӀу (miniɕitʷʼ) (1000 × 200)

When composed, the hundred word takes the -рэ (-ra) suffix, as well as the ten and the unit if any (e.g.: щэрэ зырэ (ɕara zəra) [101], щэрэ тIурэ (ɕara tʷʼəra) [102], щэрэ пщӀыкӀузырэ (pʃʼəkʷʼətʷʼəra) [111], щитӀурэ щэщӀырэ плIырэ (ɕitʷʼəra ɕat͡ʃəra pɬʼəra) [234]).

Ordinal numbers

Except апэрэ/япэрэ - first (aːpara/jaːpara) are formed by prefix я- (jaː-) and suffix – нэрэ (- nara). For

example: ятIунэрэ - second (jaːtʷʼənara), ящынэрэ - third (jaːɕənara), яплIынэрэ - fourth (jaːpɬʼənara).

first - Япэ [jaːpa] second - ЕтIуанэ [jatʼaːna] third - Ещанэ [jaɕaːna] firth - Еянэ [jajaːna] tenth - ЕпщIанэ [japɕʼaːna] eleventh - ЕпщыкIузанэ [japɕʼəkʷʼəzaːna] sixteenth. - ЕпщыкIуханэ [japɕʼəkʷʼəxaːna]

Discrete numbers

Зырыз - in ones, one by one ТIурытI - in twos, two by two Щырыщ - in threes, three by three ПлIырыплI - in fours, four by four Тхурытху - in fives, five by five Хырых - in sixes, six by six Блырыбл - in sevens, seven by seven Ири - in eights, eight by eight Бгъурыбгъу - in nines, nine by nine ПщIырыпщI - in tens, ten by ten

Fractional numbers

half (1÷2) - Ныкъуэ [nəqʷa] one third (1÷3) - щанэ [ɕaːna] two thirds (2÷3) - щанитӏу [ɕaːnitʷʼ] (1÷3 × 2) one fourth (1÷4) - плӀанэ [pɬʼaːna] two fourths (2÷4) - плӀанитӏу [pɬʼaːnitʷʼ] (1÷4 × 2) three fourths (3÷4) - плӀанищ [pɬʼaːniɕ] (1÷4 × 3) one fifth (1÷5) - тфанэ [tfaːna] one sixth (1÷6) - ханэ [xaːna] one seventh (1÷7) - бланэ [blaːna] one eighth (1÷8) - янэ [jaːna] one ninth (1÷9) - бгъуанэ [bʁʷaːna] one tenth (1÷10) - пщӀанэ [pʃʼaːna] one eleventh (1÷11) - пщӀыкӏузанэ [pʃʼəkʷʼəzaːna] one twelfth (1÷12) - пщӀыкӏутӏуанэ [pʃʼəkʷʼətʷʼaːna] one twentieth (1÷20) - тӏощӏанэ [tʷʼaɕʼaːna] one hundredth (1÷100) - щанэ [ɕaːna]