Name Kaarel Eenpalu | Role Journalist | |
Died January 28, 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia Education Hugo Treffner Gymnasium, Moscow State University, University of Tartu | ||
Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) (28 May [O.S. 16 May] 1888 in Paju talu, Vesneri Parish, Tartu County, Estonia, Russian Empire – 27 January/28 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia, USSR) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state.
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Education
Eenpalu was educated at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu. Between 1909 and 1914 he studied law at Tartu University and later graduated from Moscow University.
Journalism
From 1910 to 1912 and in 1915 he was member of the editorial board of the Postimees Daily in Tartu, in 1918 editor of Postimees, in 1920 editor-in-chief of Tallinna Teataja (Tallinn Gazette) daily, and in 1924 editor-in-chief of the Kaja (Echo) newspaper.
War
Eenpalu was active in World War I, serving as a battery commander in the First Estonian Artillery Regiment in 1917 and 1918. During the Estonian War of Independence in 1918–1919, he first commanded the Tartu High School students' battalion, and then a battery in the Second Estonian Artillery Regiment.
Political career
Eenpalu was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu, 1919–1920), member of National Assembly (Riigikogu, 1920–1937), member of the Chamber of Deputies (Riigivolikogu, since 1938) and held a series of high government offices of the newly independent Estonian state. In 1919–1920 he was State Controller. In 1920, 1921–1924, and 1924–1926 he held the position of the Minister of Internal Affairs, and can thus be considered a founder of the Estonian Police. From 22 June 1926 to 19 July 1932 and from 18 May 1933 to 29 August 1934 he was Speaker of the III, IV and V Riigikogu. From 19 July to 1 November 1932 he was the head of state (Riigivanem, literally "Elder of State"). In 1934–1938 he was again Minister of Internal Affairs, and in 1938–1939 he was the Prime Minister of Estonia.
Capture
After the Soviet Union occupied Estonia on 17 June 1940, Eenpalu, along with a number of other leading Estonian politicians, was arrested in July 1940 and subsequently deported to Russia. He died in 1942 in a Soviet prison camp in Vyatka (Vyatlag), Kirov (Vyatka) Oblast.
Awards
1927 – Order of the Estonian Red Cross I/II
1930 – Order of the Cross of the Eagle I
1935 – Order of the Estonian Red Cross I/I
1938 – Order of the White Star I
1939 – Order of the National Coat of Arms I
Personal
Kaarel Eenpalu was married to women's activist Linda Eenpalu. They had three daughters: Helmi-Aino (1917), Virve (1919), Tiiu-Hilja (1921) and Mai-Linda (1923). Politician Anne Eenpalu (born 1954) is Kaarel Eenpalu's granddaughter.