The judiciary of Mongolia is made up of a three-tiered court system (first instance, appellate, supreme court) divided into three branches (civil, criminal, administrative cases). For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. Besides there are forms of alternative dispute resolution.
Contents
First instance
First instance court types are:
The Bayan-Ölgii courts of first instance bear alternative Kazakh names (Сұмын аралық азаматтық/Сұмын аралық қылмыстық/Әкімшілік істер алғашқы сатылы сот).
Appellate instance
Appellate court types are:
Supreme court
The highest court in the three-tiered court system of Mongolia is the Supreme Court of Mongolia (Улсын Дээд Шүүх), established in 1927. There are chambers for civil, criminal and administrative cases.
Procedure
The courts' procedure is governed by the Law on civil procedure, the Criminal procedure law, the Law on the execution of court decisions, and the Law on administrative procedure.
Court administration
The Judicial General Council of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Шүүхийн ерөнхий зөвлөл) is to maintain the independence of the judiciary. The status of judges is determined by a separate law. The number of judges for each court is set by parliament.
Alternative dispute resolution
For commercial disputes there is among others the Mongolian International and National Arbitration Center (MINAC; Монголын Олон Улсын ба Үндэсний Арбитр), established in 1960 at the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI). The Law on mediation and conciliation provides for further forms of alternative dispute resolution.
Constitutional court
Mongolia's highest court is the Constitutional Court of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Үндсэн хуулийн цэц). It was established in 1992 and has its own procedural law.