Josephine Caroline Lang (March 14, 1815 in Munich – December 2, 1880 in Tübingen) was a German composer. Josephine Lang was the daughter of Theodor Lang, a violinist, and Regina Hitzelberger, opera singer. Her mother taught young Josephine how to play piano, and from age five it became apparent that Josephine was possessed with great potential as a composer. As early as age eleven Josephine started giving piano lessons herself. Through her godfather, Joseph Stieler, Josephine was exposed to some of the greatest artists of her time. Both Felix Mendelssohn and Ferdinand Hiller went to great lengths to ensure that Lang learned the proper theory for song-writing, and used their connections to publish Lang's music. Even Robert Schumann published a song of Josephine’s in Neue Zeitschrift für Musik in 1838.
From a very young age Lang had always been described as having a “weak constitution”. Thus she was always struggling to keep up her pedagogy and performance while simultaneously maintaining her health. Once during a performance for the king and queen of Bavaria, Queen Caroline Augusta of Bavaria took notice of Josephine’s poor state of health and arranged for Josephine to go to Wildbad Kreuth in the German Alps to recover. During her stay at the Alps, Josephine met Christian Reinhold Köstlin, a lawyer who also took to writing poetry on the side. According to all sources, the two fell in love and shared a happy marriage. Köstlin was a professor at the University of Tübingen.
Köstlin died in 1856 of what is now suspected to be cancer. To sustain her family Josephine went back to song-writing and piano-pedagogy. After some financial floundering and unsuccessful attempts at publishing music, Josephine contacted Ferdinand Hiller and Clara Schumann for aid and assistance in the music world. Upon hearing the news, Clara threw a benefit concert, with herself as the pianist, featuring Lang's music. Hiller wrote a biographical essay about Lang in 1867 to send to publishers. Soon thereafter, primarily due to Hiller's essay, Lang become a prominent composer successful enough to have her work published.
Her last years were filled with trauma and illness. Lang lived to see her three sons die for various reasons, and after her two daughters married in 1868 and 1870, Josephine was left feeling alone and abandoned. She herself suffered violent illness during this time period, though she still composed music and taught piano through this entire time. On December 1, 1880, Lang died of a heart attack; she left an important legacy in her music.
8 German Lieder Lieder, opus 1 (Munich, 1831), texts by Goethe, Schiller, King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Gottfried Wilhelm Fink, Ludwig Hölty, Theodor Körner6 German Lieder, opus 2, (Munich, 1831), texts by Hölty, Karoline Pichler and others4 German Lieder, opus 3, (Munich, 1834), texts by August Graf von Platen, Leopold Feldmann, Friedrich von Matthisson and Gottwalt (Johann Georg Seegemund)4 German Lieder, opus 4 (Munich/Bern, probably before 1838), texts by Johann Georg Jacobi and others4 German Lieder, opus 5, (Munich, 1834), texts by Goethe, Jacobi and Matthisson4 German Lieder, opus 6 (Munich, probably before 1838), texts by Wilhelm Müller, Goethe, Gottwalt and Matthisson6 Songs, opus 7 (Munich, 1838), texts by Jacobi, Friedrich Förster, Ludwig Uhland, Justinus Kerner and King Ludwig I3 Lieder, opus 8 (Vienna, 1838)6 Lieder, opus 9 (Leipzig, 1841), texts by Goethe, Nikolaus Lenau, Christian Reinhard Köstlin, Johann Aloys Blumauer and Jacobi6 Lieder, opus 10 (Leipzig, 1841), texts by Köstlin, Goethe, Christoph August Tiedge, Lenau and Ernst Schulze6 German Lieder, opus 11 (Leipzig, 1845), texts by Uhland and Kerner6 Lieder, opus 12 (Leipzig, 1845), texts by Köstlin6 Lieder, opus 13 (Mainz/Antwerp/Brussels, 1847), texts by Köstlin, Heinrich Wenzel, Heine, Lenau and Apollonius von Maltitz6 German Lieder, opus 14 (Leipzig, 1848), texts by Köstlin6 German Lieder, opus 15 (Leipzig, 1848), texts by Johann Ludwig Deinhardstein, Heine, Byron and FeldmannAm Bache, opus 20 (1850) Text by Köstlin 1852 und 1859Auf der Reise, opus 22 (Stuttgart, 1855), text by Ludwig Bechstein3 Lieder, opus 23 (Stuttgart, 1859), texts by Köstlin, Ida, Countess von Hahn-Hahn and Josephine Stieler6 Lieder, opus 25 (Leipzig, 1860), texts by Uhland, von Platen, Köstlin, Rückert and others6 Lieder, opus 26 (Leipzig, 1860), dedicated to Clara Schumann, texts by Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Köstlin, von Platen, Lenau and Friedrich Mayer6 German Lieder, opus 27 (Stuttgart, 1872), texts by Köstlin2 Lieder, opus 28 (Vienna, 1861), texts by Heine and Josephine StielerSongs of Sorrow, opus 29 (Bonn, 1862)Zwei Lieder, opus 30 (Stuttgart, 1864), texts by Ottilie WildermuthDisteln und Dornen, opus 33 [34] (Hamburg, 1864/69), texts by Goethe, Heine and others2 Lieder, opus 34 [35] (Stuttgart, 1864)3 Lieder, opus 34 [36] (Berlin, 1872)3 Lieder, opus 36 [38] (Leipzig/Winterthur, 1866 or 1867)6 Lieder, opus 38 [39] (Leipzig/Winterthur, 1867) texts by Robert Prutz, Niklas Müller, Heine, Fink and Köstlin6 German Lieder, opus 40 (Stuttgart, 1867), texts by Goethe, Heine, von Platen and othersIch möchte heim!, opus 41 (Leipzig/Winterthur, 1866) text by Carl Gerok5 Songs, opus 43 (Stuttgart, 1879), texts by Matthias Claudius, Uhland, Gerok, Köstlin and Zeller5 Lieder from the Trumpeter of Säckingen (Weimar, 1879),40 Lieder (Leipzig, 1882), texts by Byron, Max von Schenkendorf, Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, Luise Henriette von Oranien, Paul Gerhardt, amongst others, and from Des Knaben WunderhornSelected songs on texts by Heine, Goethe, Lenau and others (published by Furore Verlag, 2009)Selected songs after texts by Reinhold Köstlin (published by Strube Verlag, 2008)In "Selected songs after texts by Reinhold Köstlin", 2008:
„Flieg’ auf o deutscher Adler“ for male voice choir, text by KöstlinHochzeitlied for women's choir, text by KöstlinApollo March, published in Allgemeine Illustrirte Zeitung, 1859
Elegie on the Death of Ludwig Uhlands, opus 31 (Stuttgart, 1863)Festmarsch, opus 31(32) (Stuttgart, 1866)Two Character Pieces, opus 32 (Stuttgart, 1864)Songs without Words, opus 35 (1860/1861)Wedding March, opus 42 (Stuttgart, 1878)Gruß in die Ferne, opus 44 (Stuttgart, 1879)Danse infernale, opus 46 (Weimar, 1879)German Victory March, opus 48 (Leipzig, 1888)Two Mazurkas, opus 49 (Leipzig, 1888)In the Twilight, Impromptu opus 50 (Leipzig, 1888)Three Piano Pieces (Arabesque, The Mournful Humour and Homesickness) (Frankfurt, 1890 or earlier)(All dates are of publication, not composition)
Josephine Lang. Dana Mckay, soprano; Thérèse Lindquist, piano. SBPK Deutsche Schallplatten DS 1016-2 (1995).Josephine Lang, Johanna Kinkel; Ausgewählte Lieder. Claudia Taha, soprano; Heidi Kommerell, piano. Bayer Records BR 100 248 (1995).Münchner Komponistinnen de Klassik und Romantik. Christel Krömer, soprano; Jutta Vornehm, piano. Musica Bavarica MB 902. Reissued on CD as MB 75121 (1997).Alphabetic listing of musical settings: [1]
