Name John Moschus Role Writer | Died 619 AD, Rome, Italy Books The spiritual meadow | |
Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Church Feast 11 March [O.S. 24 March (where the Julian calendar is used)] | ||
John Moschus (Greek: Ιωάννης Μόσχος, c. 550 – 619; name from the Ancient Greek: ὁ τοῦ Μόσχου o tou Moschou "son of Moschos", was a Byzantine monk and ascetical writer.
Contents
Biography
He was born about 550 probably at Damascus. He was given the epithet "ὁ ἐγκρατής" ("The Abstemious"). He lived successively with the monks at the monastery of St. Theodosius (now Deir Dosi) southeast of Jerusalem, among the hermits in the Jordan Valley, and in the New Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified near Teqoa, east of Bethlehem.
About the year 578 he went to Egypt with Sophronius (afterwards Patriarch of Jerusalem) and came as far as the Great Oasis of the Libyan Desert. After 583 he came to Mount Sinai and spent about ten years in the Lavra of Aeliatae; he then visited the monasteries, near Jerusalem and the Dead Sea. In 604 he went to Antioch but returned to Egypt in 607. Later he came to Cyprus and in 614-615 to Rome where he died in 619.
On his deathbed he requested Sophronius to bury him, if possible, on Mt. Sinai or else at Greek Church of St. Theodosius near Jerusalem. Mt. Sinai being then invaded by the Saracens, Sophronius buried him in St. Theodosius.
John Moschus' feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is shared with that of Sophronius (11 March [O.S. 24 March]).
Writings
He is the author of one of the earliest hagiological works, entitled "Leimōn" (Pratum spirituale, Spiritual Meadow), occasionally abbreviated "Prat. Spirit.". In it he narrates his personal experiences with many great ascetics whom he met during his extensive travels, and repeats the edifying stories which these ascetics related to him.
The work teems with miracles and ecstatic visions and it gives a clear insight into the practices of Eastern monasticism, contains important data on the religious cult and ceremonies of the time, and acquaints us with the numerous heresies that threatened to disrupt the Church in the East.
It was first edited by Fronton du Duc in Auctarium biblioth. patrum, II (Paris, 1624), 1057-1159. A better edition was brought out by Cotelier in Ecclesiae Graecae Monumenta, II (Paris, 1681), which is reprinted in J.-P. Migne, Patrologia Graeca. LXXXVII, III, 2851-3112. A Latin translation, by Ambrose Traversari, is printed in Migne, Patrologia Latina, LXXIV, 121-240, and an Italian version made from the Latin of Traversari (Venice, 1475; Vicenzo, 1479).
Conjointly with Sophronius, Moschus wrote a life of John the Almoner, a fragment of which is preserved in the first chapter of the "Vita S. Joanni Eleemosynarii" by Leontios of Neapolis, under the name of Simeon Metaphrastes (P.G., CXIV, 895-966).