There are ancient-era clan names called Uji-na (氏名) or Honsei (本姓).
The Imperial clan - possibly descended from the Five kings of Wa and the Yamato Polity in the Kofun period. Its emperors and other clan members have no clan name but had been called "the royal clan" (王氏) if necessary.
Gempeitōkitsu (源平藤橘), 4 noble clans of Japan:
Minamoto clan (源氏) - also known as Genji; 21 cadet branches of Imperial House of Japan.
Daigo Genji (醍醐源氏) - descended from 60th emperor Daigo.
Go-Daigo Genji (後醍醐源氏) - descended from 96th emperor Go-Daigo.
Go-Fukakusa Genji (後深草源氏) - descended from 89th emperor Go-Fukakusa.
Go-Nijō Genji (後二条源氏) - descended from 94th emperor Go-Nijō.
Go-Saga Genji (後嵯峨源氏) - descended from 88th emperor Go-Saga.
Go-Sanjō Genji (後三条源氏) - descended from 71st emperor Go-Sanjō.
Go-Shirakawa Genji (後白河源氏) - descended from 77th emperor Go-Shirakawa.
Juntoku Genji (順徳源氏) - descended from 84th emperor Juntoku.
Kameyama Genji (亀山源氏) - descended from 90th emperor Kameyama.
Kazan Genji (花山源氏) - descended from 65th emperor Kazan.
Kōkō Genji (光孝源氏) - descended from 58th emperor Kōkō.
Montoku Genji (文徳源氏) - descended from 55th emperor Montoku.
Murakami Genji (村上源氏) - descended from 62nd emperor Murakami.
Nimmyō Genji (仁明源氏) - descended from 54th emperor Nimmyō.
Ōgimachi Genji (正親町源氏) - descended from 106th emperor Ōgimachi.
Reizei Genji (冷泉源氏) - descended from 63rd emperor Reizei.
Saga Genji (嵯峨源氏) - descended from 52nd emperor Saga.
Sanjō Genji (三条源氏) - descended from 67th emperor Sanjō.
Seiwa Genji (清和源氏) - descended from 56th emperor Seiwa; origin of many samurai clans.
Kawachi Genji (河内源氏) - also known as Genke; descended from Minamoto no Yorinobu; origin of Hitachi Genji (常陸源氏), Ishikawa Genji (石川源氏); and Kai Genji (甲斐源氏); famous for 3 Kamakura shoguns.
Settsu Genji (摂津源氏) - descended from Minamoto no Yorimitsu; origin of Tada Genji (多田源氏), Mino Genji (美濃源氏) and Shinano Genji (信濃源氏).
Yamato Genji (大和源氏) - descended from Minamoto no Yorichika.
Uda Genji (宇多源氏) - descended from 59th emperor Uda; origin of Ōmi Genji (近江源氏).
Yōzei Genji (陽成源氏) - descended from 57th emperor Yōzei.
Taira clan (平氏) - also known as Heishi; 4 cadet branches of Imperial House of Japan.
Kanmu Heishi (桓武平氏) - descended from 50th emperor Kanmu; famous for Taira no Masakado.
Bandō 8 Heishi (坂東八平氏) - descended from Taira no Yoshifumi.
Ise Heishi (伊勢平氏) - also known as Heike; descended from Taira no Korehira; famous for Taira no Kiyomori.
Kōkō Heishi (光孝平氏) - descended from 58th emperor Kōkō.
Montoku Heishi (文徳平氏) - descended from 55th emperor Montoku.
Nimmyō Heishi (仁明平氏) - descended from 54th emperor Nimmyō.
Fujiwara clan (藤原氏) - descended from Fujiwara no Kamatari.
4 families of Fujiwara (藤原四家) - descended from 4 sons of Fujiwara no Fuhito.
Fujiwara Hokke (藤原北家) - northern family; descended from Fujiwara no Fusasaki.
Fujiwara Kyōke (藤原京家) - descended from Fujiwara no Maro.
Fujiwara Nanke (藤原南家) - southern family; descended from Fujiwara no Muchimaro.
Fujiwara Shikike (藤原式家) - descended from Fujiwara no Umakai.
Northern Fujiwara clan (奥州藤原氏) - also known as Ōshū Fujiwara clan; descended from Fujiwara no Hidesato.
Tachibana clan (橘氏) - descended from Prince Naniwa-Ō, son of Prince Shōtoku-Taishi (572-621), 2nd son of Emperor Yōmei; no direct relation to the feudal Tachibana clan (立花氏)
Abe clan (阿部氏/安倍氏) - descended from Prince Ōhiko, son of Emperor Kōgen; no direct relation to the Abe clan of Ōshū (安倍氏).
Abe clan of Ōshū (安倍氏) - descended from Abihiko (disputed); no direct relation to the Kōgen-descent Abe clan (阿部氏), famous for Abe no Hirafu and Abe no Yoritoki.
Aya clan of Sanuki province - According to the Kojiki descended from Prince Takekaiko, grandson of Emperor Keikō.
Hashiji clan (土師氏) - descended from the kami Nomi no Sukune (legendary).
Imube clan (忌部氏) - descended from the kami Ame no Futotama no Mikoto (legendary), and his descendant Ame no Tomi no Mikoto companion in arms of Emperor Jimmu.
Ki clan (紀氏) - descended from Emperor Kōgen by the Minister Takeshi-uchi no Sukune; famous for Ki no Tsurayuki.
Kusakabe clan (日下部氏) - descended from 9th Emperor Kaika, or 36th Emperor Kōtoku (disputed).
Mononobe clan (物部氏) - descended from the kami Nigihayahi no Mikoto (legendary), a descendant of the elder brother of Ninigi no Mikoto (legendary), great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu; famous for Mononobe no Moriya.
Nakatomi clan (中臣氏) - descended from the kami Ame no Koyane no Mikoto (legendary), and his descendant Ame no Taneko no Mikoto companion in arms of Emperor Jimmu; origin of Fujiwara clan.
Chiba clan (ja:建軍千葉) - descended from Jianjun clan.
Ō clan (多氏) - descended from Prince Kamuyaimimi no Mikoto, son of Emperor Jimmu.
Ochi clan (越智氏) - descended from Mononobe clan.
Ōe clan (大江氏) - descended from Hashiji clan.
Ōtomo clan (大伴氏) - descended from Michi-omi no Mikoto companion in arms of Emperor Jimmu; no direct relation to the immigrant Ōtomo clan (大友氏) or feudal Ōtomo clan (大友氏); famous for Ōtomo no Yakamochi.
Ozutsuki clan (大筒木氏)
Soga clan (蘇我氏) - descended from Emperor Kōgen, by the Minister Takeshi-uchi no Sukune; famous for Soga no Umako.
Sugawara clan (菅原氏) - descended from Hashiji clan; famous for Sugawara no Michizane
Takahashi clan (高橋氏)
Asukabe clan (飛鳥部氏) - descended from Gonji, a son of King Biyu of Baekje.
Hata clan (秦氏) - descended from Prince Yuzuki no Kimi, a descendant of Emperor Qin Shi Huang of the Chinese Qin Dynasty.
Chōsokabe clan (長宗我部氏) - descended from Hata clan (disputed); famous for Chosokabe Motochika.
Kawachi no Aya clan (西漢氏)
Kawachi no Fumi clan (西文氏) - descended from the scholar Wani, ultimately from Emperor Gaozu of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
Kikuchi clan (菊池氏) - descended from King Seong of Baekje.
Akahoshi clan (赤星氏) - cadet branch of Kikuchi clan.
Jô clan (城氏) - cadet branch of Kikuchi clan.
Saigo clan (西郷氏) - cadet branch of Kikuchi clan.
Koma clan (高麗氏) - descended from King Bojang of Goguryeo.
Koremune clan (惟宗氏) - lateral branch of the Hata clan, descended from Prince Kōman-Ō of the Chinese Qin Dynasty.
Kudara no Konikishi clan (百済王氏) - descended from Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), son of the last king of Baekje, King Uija.
Ōtomo clan (大友氏) - descended from Chinese immigrants; no direct relation to the native Ōtomo clan (大伴氏) or feudal Ōtomo clan (大友氏).
Ōuchi clan (大内氏) - descended from Prince Imseong, third son of King Seong of Baekje.
Sakanoue clan (坂上氏) - descended from Emperor Ling of Han China.
Shiba clan (司馬氏) - descended from Shiba Tatto, a saddlemaker from China.
Sue clan (陶氏) - descended from King Seong of Baekje.
Takamuko clan (高向氏) - descended from Emperor Wen of the Chinese Cao Wei Dynasty; famous for Takamuko no Kuromaro.
Yamato no Aya clan (東漢氏) - descended from Prince Achi no Omi, a great-grandchild of Emperor Ling of Han of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
Ōkura clan (大蔵氏) - cadet branch of Yamato no Aya clan.
Yamato no Fumi clan (東文氏) - possibly a branch of the Yamato no Aya clan.
Toyotomi clan - given to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his family.
From the late ancient era onward, the family name (Myōji/苗字 or 名字) had been commonly used by samurai to denote their family line instead of the name of the ancient clan that the family line belongs to (uji-na/氏名 or honsei/本姓), which was used only in the official records in the Imperial court. Kuge families also had used their family name (Kamei/家名) for the same purpose. Each of samurai families is called "[family name] clan (氏)" as follows and they must not be confused with ancient clan names:
Abe clan of Mikawa (阿部氏) - descended from Emperor Kōgen and the ancient Abe clan (阿部氏); no direct relation to the Abe clan of Ōshū (安倍氏).
Adachi clan (安達氏) - descended from Fujiwara clan.
Akamatsu clan (赤松氏) - descended from Murakami Genji.
Akechi clan (明智氏) - cadet branch of Toki clan who descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Akechi Mitsuhide.
Akita clan (秋田氏) - descended from Abe clan of Ōshū.
Akiyama clan (秋山氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Akizuki clan (秋月氏) - descended from Prince Achi no Omi of the Chinese Han dynasty.
Amago clan (尼子氏) - cadet branch of Sasaki clan who descended from Uda Genji.
Amakusa clan (天草氏) - descended from Ōkura clan.
Anayama clan (穴山氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Andō clan - descended from Abe clan of Ōshū, by Abe no Hirafu.
Asakura clan (朝倉氏) - descended from Prince Kusakabe son of Emperor Tenmu.
Asano clan (浅野氏) - cadet branch of Toki clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Ashikaga clan (足利氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Ashikaga shogunate; no direct relation to the Fujiwara-descent Ashikaga clan
Ashikaga clan (Fujiwara) (足利氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; no direct relation to the Genji-descent Ashikaga clan.
Ashina clan (蘆名氏) - cadet branch of Miura clan who descended from Kanmu Heishi.
Aso clan (阿蘇氏) - descended from Emperor Jimmu by the Ō clan.
Asō clan (麻生氏) - cadet branch of Utsunomiya clan who descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Tarō Asō.
Atagi clan (安宅氏) - cadet branch of Ogasawara clan who descended from Seiwa Genji (disputed).
Azai clan (浅井氏) - descended from Fujiwara clan; famous for Azai Nagamasa.
Bitō clan (尾藤氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Chiba clan (千葉氏) - descended from Kanmu Heishi.
Date clan (伊達氏) - also known as Idate clan or Idachi clan, descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Date Masamune.
Doi clan (土井氏) - cadet branch of Toki clan who descended from Seiwa Genji (disputed); no direct relation to the Heishi-descent Doi clan.
Doi clan (土肥氏) - descended from Kanmu Heishi; no direct relation to the Genji-descent Doi clan.
Fuji clan (富士氏) - descended from Wani clan (和珥氏).
Gotō clan - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Hachisuka clan (蜂須賀氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan by the Shiba clan who descended from Seiwa Genji, famous for Hachisuka Masakatsu.
Haga clan (芳賀氏) - descended from Kiyowara clan.
Hashiba clan (羽柴氏) - also known as their honsei: Toyotomi clan (豊臣氏); descended from Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Hatakeyama clan (畠山氏) - descended from Kanmu Heishi before 1205. After 1205 the Hatakeyama are a cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Hatano clan (波多野氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Hayashi clan (林氏) - cadet branch of Kōno clan who descended from Prince Iyo, son of Emperor Kanmu.
Hiki clan (比企氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Hirano clan - descended from Prince Toneri son of Emperor Tenmu, by the Kiyowara clan.
Hisamatsu clan (久松氏) - cadet branch of Takatsuji family who descended from Sugawara clan.
Hitotsuyanagi clan - cadet branch of Kōno clan who descended from Prince Iyo, son of Emperor Kammu.
Hōjō clan (北条氏) - descended from Kanmu Heishi (disputed); no direct relation to the Late Hōjō clan (北条氏) or Kitajō clan (北条氏); regents of the Kamakura shogunate.
Late Hōjō clan (後北条氏) - also known as Hōjō clan or Go-Hōjō clan; descended from Kanmu Heishi; no direct relation to the regent Hōjō clan (北条氏) or Kitajō clan (北条氏).
Honma clan (本間氏) - also known as Homma clan or Honma clan of Sado; cadet branch of Yokoyama clan who descended from Ono no Takamura (disputed).
Honma clan of Sakata (酒田本間氏) - cadet branch.
Honda clan (本多氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Honda Tadakatsu.
Hosokawa clan (細川氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Hosokawa Keichō family (細川京兆家) - head family.
Hosokawa Tenkyū family (細川典厩家) - cadet branch.
Hosokawa family of Awa (阿波細川氏) - cadet branch; descended from Hosokawa Akiharu.
Hosokawa family of Ōshū (奥州細川家) - cadet branch; descended from Hosokawa Akiuji.
Hotta clan - descended from Emperor Kōgen, by the Minister Takeshi-uchi no Sukune.
Ichijō family (一条家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Ichijō clan of Tosa (土佐一条氏) - cadet branch of Ichijō family who descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Ide clan (井出氏) - cadet branch of Nikaidō clan who descended from Fujiwara Nanke.
Ii clan (井伊氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Ii Naomasa and Ii Naosuke.
Ikeda clan (池田氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji; no direct relation to other clans called Ikeda.
Ikeda clan of Iyo (伊予池田氏) - no direct relation to other clans called Ikeda.
Ikeda clan of Mino (美濃池田氏) - no direct relation to other clans called Ikeda.
Ikeda clan of Sasaki (池田氏) - cadet branch of Sasaki clan; no direct relation to other clans called Ikeda.
Ikeda clan of Settsu (摂津池田氏) - descended from Ki clan (disputed). no direct relation to other clans called Ikeda.
Imagawa clan (今川氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Imagawa Yoshimoto.
Inaba clan - cadet branch of Kōno clan who descended from Prince Iyo, son of Emperor Kanmu.
Inoue clan (井上氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji.
Inoue clan of Shinano (信濃井上氏) - head family.
Inoue clan of Aki (安芸井上氏) - cadet branch.
Inoue clan of Mikawa (三河井上氏) - cadet branch.
Ishida clan (石田氏) - cadet branch of Miura clan who descended from Kammu Heishi (disputed). famous for Ishida Mitsunari
Ishikawa clan (石川氏) - also known as Ishikawa Genji; descended from Seiwa Genji.
Ishimaki clan (石巻氏) - descended from Fujiwara Nanke.
Itō clan (伊東氏) - cadet branch of Kudō clan who descended from Fujiwara Nanke.
Junjii clan (純自)
Kamiizumi clan (上泉氏) - cadet branch of Fujiwara-descent Ashikaga clan who descended Fujiwara Hokke.
Kanamaru clan (金丸氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji by way of Takeda Nobushige.
Kagawa clan (香川氏) - descended from Kammu Heishi.
Kikkawa clan (吉川氏) - cadet branch of Kudō clan who descended from Fujiwara Nanke. After the mid 16th century they are a cadet branch of the Mōri clan who descended from the Ōe clan, famous for Kikkawa Motoharu.
Kira clan (吉良氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Kira Yoshinaka.
Kiso clan (木曾氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Minamoto no Yoshinaka.
Kitabatake clan (北畠氏) - descended from Murakami Genji.
Kitajō clan (北条氏) - also known as Kitajō clan of Echigo or Mōri Kitajō clan; cadet branch of Mōri clan; no direct relation to the Hōjō clan (北条氏) or Late Hōjō clan (北条氏).
Kiyowara clan (清原氏) - descended from Prince Toneri, son of the Emperor Temmu (631-686).
Kobayakawa clan (小早川氏) - cadet branch of Doi clan who descended from Kammu Heishi. After the mid 16th century they are a cadet branch of the Mōri clan who descended from the Ōe clan, famous for Kobayakawa Takakage and Kobayakawa Hideaki.
Kodama clan (児玉氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Koga family (久我家) - descended from Murakami Genji.
Kōno clan (河野氏) - descended from Prince Iyo son of Emperor Kammu.
Konoe family (近衛家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke. famous for Konoe Fumimaro.
Kudō clan (工藤氏) - descended from Fujiwara Nanke.
Kujō family (九条家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Kuzuyama clan (葛山氏) - cadet branch of Ozutsuki clan; famous for medical knowledge.
Kyōgoku clan (京極氏) - cadet branch of Sasaki clan who descended from Uda Genji.
Maeda clan (前田氏) - descended from Sugawara clan; famous for Maeda Toshiie.
Manabe clan (間部氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Matsuda clan (松田氏) - cadet branch of Hatano clan who descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Matsudaira clan (松平氏) - cadet branch of Nitta clan, by the Tokugawa clan descended from Seiwa Genji (disputed); famous for Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Matsumae clan - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Matsura clan (松浦氏) - cadet branch of Watanabe clan who descended from Saga Genji.
Miura clan (三浦氏) - descended from Kammu Heishi.
Mikumo clan (三雲氏) - cadet branch of Kodama clan who descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Miyoshi clan (三好氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan, by the Ogasawara clan who descended from Seiwa Genji; no direct relation to the Fujiwara-descent Miyoshi clan (三吉氏); famous for Miyoshi Nagayoshi.
Miyoshi clan (三吉氏) - descended from Fujiwara clan; no direct relation to the Ogasahara-descent Miyoshi clan (三好氏).
Mizuryū clan (水龍氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji.
Mogami clan (最上氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Mori clan (森氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Mori Ranmaru.
Mōri clan (毛利氏) - descended from Ōe clan; no direct relation to the Genji-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏) or Fujiwara-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏); famous for Mōri Motonari and his sons.
Mōri clan of Inaba (因幡毛利氏) - cadet branch.
Mōri clan (毛利氏) - descended from Uda Genji; no direct relation to Ōe-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏) or Fujiwara-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏);
Mōri clan (毛利氏) - descended from Fujiwara clan (disputed); no direct relation to Ōe-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏) or Genji-descent Mōri clan (毛利氏);
Murakami clan (村上氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji.
Murakami clan of Inland Sea (村上水軍) - also known as Murakami Suigun; famous for their naval forces.
Murakami clan of Innoshima (因島村上氏)
Murakami clan of Kurushima (来島村上氏)
Murakami clan of Nōnoshima (能島村上氏)
Murakami clan of Shinano (信濃村上氏) - also known as Shinshū Murakami clan; famous for Murakami Yoshikiyo.
Nagao clan (長尾氏) - descended from Kammu Heishi; famous for Uesugi Kenshin.
Nabeshima clan (鍋島氏) - cadet branch of Shōni clan who descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Niiro clan (新納氏) - cadet branch of Shimazu clan of the Satsuma Domain who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Nakamura clan (ja:中村)
Nanbu clan (南部氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Nijō family (二条家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Nitta clan (新田氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Nitta Yoshisada.
Niwa clan (丹羽氏) - cadet branch of Kodama clan who descended from Fujiwara Hokke (disputed); no direct relation to the Isshiki-descent Niwa clan (丹羽氏).
Niwa clan (丹羽氏) - cadet branch of Isshiki clan who descended from Seiwa Genji; no direct relation to the Kodama-descent Niwa clan (丹羽氏).
Oda clan (織田氏) - descended from Kammu Heishi; famous for Oda Nobunaga.
Ōkōchi clan (大河内氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji.
Ōta clan - descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Ōta Dōkan.
Ogasawara clan (小笠原氏) - cadet branch of Takeda clan descended from Seiwa Genji.
Ōtomo clan (大友氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; no direct relation to the ancient Ōtomo clan (大友氏) or Ōtomo clan (大伴氏); famous for Ōtomo Sōrin.
Ōuchi clan (大内氏) - descended from Tatara clan.
Rokkaku clan (六角氏) - cadet branch of Sasaki clan who descended from Uda Genji.
Sagara clan (相良氏) - descended from Fujiwara Nanke.
Saitō clan (斉藤氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Saitō Dōsan.
Sakai clan (酒井氏) - cadet branch of Nitta clan, by the Tokugawa clan descended from Seiwa Genji.
Sakuma clan (佐久間氏) - cadet branch of Miura clan who descended from Kammu Heishi.
Sanada clan (真田氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji (disputed); famous for Sanada Nobushige who is more commonly known as Sanada Yukimura.
Sanjō family (三条家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke; famous for Sanjō Sanetomi.
Sasaki clan (佐々木氏) - descended from Uda Genji.
Satake clan (佐竹氏) - descended from Seiwa Genji.
Shiba clan (斯波氏) - cadet branch of Ashikaga clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Shimazu clan (島津氏) - also known as Satsuma Clan; descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Shimazu Yoshihiro.
Shinmen clan (新免氏) - also known as Shimmen clan; cadet branch of Akamatsu clan who descended from Murakami Genji.
Sō clan (宗氏) - descended from Koremune clan.
Sogō clan (十河氏) - descended from Emperor Keikō.
Sōma clan (相馬氏) - cadet branch of Chiba clan who descended from Kammu Heishi.
Sōma clan of Ōshū (奥州相馬氏) - head family.
Sōma clan of Shimōsa (下総相馬氏) - cadet branch.
Suda clan (ja:須田) - famous for being a clan of samurai, and martial art practitioner. While the northeastern and west-central family branch states that they are descended from the Minamoto clan through the Inoue family. While the family branch in okinawa has the legend that they are descendants of the Japanese dragon(Nihon ryū).
Sue clan (陶氏) - cadet branch of Ōuchi clan who descended from Tatara clan. famous for Sue Harukata.
Sugi clan (杉氏) - cadet branch of Sasaki clan who descended from Uda Genji; famous for Yoshida Shōin.
Suwa clan (諏訪氏) - more or less unknown ancestors, many believed Suwa descended from Seiwa Genji through Minamoto no Tsunetomo.
Tachibana clan (立花氏) - cadet branch of Ōtomo clan, descended from Ōtomo Yoshinao; no direct relation to the ancient Tachibana clan (橘氏); famous for Tachibana Ginchiyo and her husband Tachibana Muneshige.
Takanashi clan (高梨氏) - cadet branch of Inoue clan who descended from Seiwa Genji (disputed).
Takaoka clan (高岡氏) - descended from Uda Genji or Seiwa Genji.
Takatsuji family (高辻家) - descended from Sugawara clan.
Takatsukasa family (鷹司家) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Takeda clan (武田氏) - also known as Takeda clan of Kai; descended from Seiwa Genji; famous for Takeda Shingen.
Takeda clan of Aki (安芸武田氏) - cadet branch.
Takeda clan of Kazusa (上総武田氏) - cadet branch.
Takeda clan of Wakasa (若狭武田氏) - cadet branch.
Takenaka clan (竹中氏) - cadet branch of Toki clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Takigawa clan (滝川氏) - descended from Ki clan or Tomo clan (disputed).
Tanegashima clan (種子島氏) - descended from Kammu Heishi (disputed); famous for production of early firearms.
Toda clan (戸田氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Toki clan (土岐氏) - descended from the Settsu Genji, branch of Seiwa Genji.
Tokugawa clan (徳川氏) - descended from Tokugawa Ieyasu from Matsudaira clan; famous for Tokugawa shogunate.
Tokugawa Shogun family (徳川将軍家) - head family.
Tokugawa family of Kōfu (甲府徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Tsunashige, 3rd son of Tokugawa Iemitsu.
Tokugawa family of Tatebayashi (館林徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Tsunayoshi.
Tokugawa Yoshinobu family (徳川慶喜家) - descended from Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
Gosanke (御三家)
Tokugawa family of Kishū (紀州徳川家) - also known as Kii Tokugawa family; descended from Tokugawa Yorinobu, 10th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu; famous for Tokugawa Yoshimune and Tokugawa Iemochi.
Tokugawa family of Mito (水戸徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Yorifusa, 11th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu; famous for Tokugawa Mitsukuni.
Tokugawa family of Matsudo (松戸徳川家) - cadet branch of Tokugawa family of Mito.
Tokugawa family of Owari (尾張徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Yoshinao, 9th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Gosankyō (御三卿)
Tokugawa family of Hitotsubashi (一橋徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Munetada, 4th son of Tokugawa Yoshimune.
Tokugawa family of Shimizu (清水徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Shigeyoshi, 2nd son of Tokugawa Ieshige.
Tokugawa family of Tayasu (田安徳川家) - descended from Tokugawa Munetake, 2nd son of Tokugawa Yoshimune.
Tsugaru clan (津軽氏) - also known as Ōura clan; descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Tsutsui clan (筒井氏) - descended from Fujiwara clan; famous for Tsutsui Junkei.
Uesugi clan (上杉氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Uesugi family of Inukake (犬懸上杉家) - descended from Uesugi Norifuji.
Uesugi family of Ōgigayatsu (扇谷上杉家) - descended from Uesugi Shigeaki.
Uesugi family of Takuma (宅間上杉家) - descended from Uesugi Shigeyoshi.
Uesugi family of Yamanouchi (山内上杉家) - descended from Uesugi Noriaki; famous for Uesugi Kenshin.
Uesugi family of Fukaya (深谷上杉家) - also known as Kobanawa Uesugi family; descended from Uesugi Norifusa.
Ukita clan (宇喜多氏) - descended from Kojima Takanori of Seiwa Genji; famous for Ukita Hideie.
Urakami clan (浦上氏) - descended from Emperor Kōgen by the Ki clan.
Utsunomiya clan (宇都宮氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Utsunomiya clan of Shimotsuke (下野宇都宮氏) - head family.
Utsunomiya clan of Buzen (豊前宇都宮氏) - cadet branch.
Utsunomiya clan of Chikugo (筑後宇都宮氏) - cadet branch.
Utsunomiya clan of Iyo (伊予宇都宮氏) - cadet branch.
Wakiya clan (脇屋氏) - cadet branch of Nitta clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Watanabe clan - descended from Saga Genji.
Yagyū clan (柳生氏) - descended from Sugawara clan; famous for their swordsmanship called Yagyū Shinkage-ryū.
Yamana clan (山名氏) - cadet branch of Nitta clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Yamanouchi clan (山内氏) - also known as Yamanouchi Sudō clan, descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Yamanouchi clan of Bingo (備後山内氏) - head family.
Yamanouchi clan of Ōshū (奥州山内氏) - cadet branch.
Yamanouchi clan of Tosa (土佐山内氏) - cadet branch; famous for Yamauchi Kazutoyo.
Yanagizawa clan - cadet branch of Takeda clan who descended from Seiwa Genji.
Yūki clan (結城氏) - descended from Fujiwara Hokke.
Yūki clan of Shimousa (下総結城氏) - head family.
Yūki clan of Shirakawa (白河結城氏) - cadet branch.
Other clans and families
Zaibatsu:
Iwasaki family (岩崎家) - founder of Mitsubishi.
Mitsui family (三井家) - founder of Mitsui.
Sumitomo family (住友家) - founder of Sumitomo; descended from Kammu Heishi.
Sacerdotal clans:
Abe clan.
Kamo clan.
Nakatomi clan.
Urabe clan.
Ryukyuan people are not Yamato people, but the Ryukyu Islands have been part of Japan since 1879.
Ryukyuan dynasties:
Tenson Dynasty (天孫王朝) - legendary dynasty (ended 12th century).
Shunten Dynasty (舜天王統) - first dynasty of Ryukyu (1187-1259).
Eiso Dynasty (英祖王統) - second dynasty of Ryukyu (1260-1354).
Haniji Dynasty (怕尼芝王統) - kings of Hokuzan (1314-1416).
Ōzato Dynasty (大里王統) - kings of Nanzan (1314-1429).
Satto Dynasty (察度王統) - kings of Chūzan (1355-1407).
First Shō Dynasty (第一尚氏) - kings of the Ryukyu Kingdom (1407-1469).
Minshi Kameya family (明氏亀谷家) - descended from Shō Toku, last king of the First Shō Dynasty.
Second Shō Dynasty (第二尚氏) - kings of the Ryukyu Kingdom (1469-present).
