Owner Government of Jakarta Transit type Rapid transit | Locale Jakarta, Indonesia Number of lines 2 | |
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Number of stations 13 (North-South line - first phase) Headquarters Wisma Nusantara, 21st Floor, Jl. M.H. Thamrin 59, Jakarta 10350 - Indonesia - Telp (62)21 3103629, Fax (62) 21 3155846 | ||
The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Jakarta MRT) is a rapid transit system that currently is under construction in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.
Contents
- Background
- Lines
- M1 North South line
- Phase I
- M2 East West line
- Construction progress
- PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta
- References
A groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 10, 2013, with Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Hotel Indonesia Roundabout) to be opened to the public by August 2017.
Background
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, harboring over 9 million inhabitants. It is estimated that over four million residents of the surrounding Jabodetabek area commute to and from the city each working day. Transport issues have increasingly begun to attract political attention and it has been foreseen that without a major transportation breakthrough, the city will have complete traffic gridlock by 2020.
Since 1980, more than 25 general and special subject studies have been conducted related to possible Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) systems in Jakarta. One of the major reasons for the delays in tackling the problem was the economic and political crises of 1997-99. Before the crisis, a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme was considered as part of a new MRT calling for private sector involvement. After the crisis, the plan to rely on a BOT to provide financing proved unfeasible, and the MRT project was again proposed as a government-funded scheme.
Currently, public transportation in Jakarta serves only 56% of commuter trips. This figure urgently needs to be raised, as the city's 9.5% average annual growth rate of motorized vehicles far exceeds the 0.01% increase in road length between 2005 and 2010.
Public transportation now mainly consists of various types of buses, starting from the very small bemo and pickup-truck sized mikrolet, to slightly larger minibuses such as the widely used MetroMini and Kopaja minibuses, full sized city buses, and the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system. There are also both two and four wheeled taxis and the Jabodetabek Commuter Railway system.
Lines
The rail-based Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 108 kilometres, including 21.7 km for the North-South Line (from Lebak Bulus to Kampung Bandan) and 87 km for East-West Line (from Balaraja to Cikarang).
M1 North-South line
The North-South line will be built in two phases.
After completion of MRT Phase I and II, MRT together with TransJakarta are predicted to serve 60 percent total trips made by Jakartans.
The northern part of Line 1 (Phase II as well as part of Phase I) follows the route of the currently existing TransJakarta Line 1.
Phase I
The first phase is 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) long from Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI. The construction project began in 2013, and is expected to be opened by the end of 2018 and to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15.7 km distance expected to be covered in under 30 minutes.
Elevated stations
Underground stations
M2 East-West line
A second line is planned to run east-west, connect Cikarang (in Bekasi) to Balaraja (in Tangerang). Covering a distance of 87 kilometers, this line will cross Ujung Menteng and Rawa Bebek areas on the border between Bekasi and East Jakarta. This corridor is currently in the pre-feasibility study phase. The line is targeted to operate in 2025.
Construction progress
Construction of the first phase was funded through a loan by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), now merged into the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of:
On March 31, 2009, Loan Agreement 2 (LA2) for the amount of 48,150 billion Yen to build the Jakarta MRT System was signed by the Indonesian Government (represented by the Indonesian Ambassador for Japan) and JICA in Tokyo, Japan. This loan is to be forwarded from the National Government to the Jakarta City Administration as a grant (on-granting agreement). After the signing of the granting agreement for LA2, city administration will propose another two loan agreements for LA3 and LA4 to the central government. These proposals will become a lending agreement for the local government. The total amount of LA3 and LA4 addressed as a loan by the local government is about 71867 billion yen. This amount is based on the progress, outcome and absorbance of LA2. The total loan package from JICA for the development of the Jakarta MRT system is worth a total of 120 billion yen.
Work on the basic design for the first phase of the current version of the project began in late 2010. The tender process was underway in late 2012 when the new governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo, unexpectedly said that he wanted a review of the project. After several months of uncertainty, governor Joko Widodo announced that the project would go ahead. He listed it as one of the priority projects in the Jakarta city budget for 2013.
In September 2012, DMRC of Delhi Metro announced that it had been awarded the work of 'Management Consulting Services' of the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit system by the Indonesian government. This will be DMRC'S first project outside India. DMRC will work as part of a joint venture with 8 other international companies including Padeco and Oriental Consultant, PT Ernst and Young Advisory Services, PT Indotek Engineering Jaya, PT Pamintori Cipia, Lambaga Management and PT Public Private Partnership from Indonesia and Seneca Group. DMRC has stated that its main responsibilities in the JV will be the "finalisation of the organisational structure of the Jakarta Metro, recruitment of personnel, development of training facilities and the training of the employees for various categories required for commencing the operations". Physical construction is expected to begin in 2013 and the line is expected to be operational by 2017.
On 1 June 2013, the first three civil contracts for the 9.2 km underground section were signed. The three contracts were won by two separate consortium of Japanese and Indonesian companies. Three civil engineering contracts for the elevated section were signed in the third quarter of 2013. Construction work has began since October 2013.
Tunnel boring was finished on 23 February 2017, and about 83 percent of tunnel construction has been completed. On 14 March 2017, the first phase—which include the construction of tunnel and upper deck, has met the target completion date. In March 2017, the second phase of the project has not commenced yet, and there is a plan to extend the line eastward from Kampung Bandan to Ancol Timur.
PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta
PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRTJ) is a limited liability (Perseroan Terbatas) company founded by the Jakarta Provincial Government. Its establishment was approved by the provincial parliament (DPRD) on 10 June 2008 and final establishment was by notary act on 17 June 2008. Its purpose is to operate the Jakarta MRT System. 99% of the shares are owned by the Jakarta Provincial Government and 1% PT Pasar Jaya (another Jakarta Regional-Government-Owned Company). PT MRTJ is classed as a Regional-Government-Owned-Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah-BUMD). The BUMD form for PT MRTJ is designed not to create profits for the shareholders, but instead to create flexibility in accessing alternative financing, which would otherwise be impossible if the company was directly part of the government. With this, the cost of tickets sold to clients will be reduced, with some operational costs being subsidised by other sources. The BUMD form also ensures transparency and accountability through the shareholders' General Meeting, Decision Making and Reporting System which will be publicly available.