Isaac of Norwich

Isaac of Norwich or Isaac ben Eliav was a Jewish-English financier of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was among the Jews imprisoned by King John of England in 1210.^[1] It is possible that at this time a house of his in London fell into the hands of the king and was afterward (1214) transferred to the Earl of Derby.^[2] He was by far the most important Jewish money-lender at Norwich in the early years of Henry III, the majority of the items of a day-book of that place now preserved at Westminster Abbey referring to his transactions.^[3] In the "Shetarot" Isaac is referred to as "Nadib" or "Mæcenas".^[4] He appears to have died before 1247.^[5] A caricature of him appears in an issue of the Exchequer, 17, Hen. III. (1233), which represents him as being tortured by a demon and expresses the contemporary Christian view of his rapaciousness.^[6] The accompanying caricature represents Isaac as three-faced, probably in allusion to the wide extent of his dealings. He is crowned with a coronet, and surveys a scene in which two other Jews, Mosse Mok and a woman named Abigail, are being tortured by demons, seemingly under his direction. The scene appears to be taken from a miracle-play, the drapery representing the stage, and the architectural adornment the cloister of a church, such plays generally being performed in churches.